英语考试写作要领

英语考试写作要领
英语考试写作要领

英语考试写作要领

考试写作要领——看上去很美

总则:考试写作——展示最“美”的一面

考试写作犹如相亲,需要你展示最美的一面。换言之,每个人都有一些上不得台面的地方,也有语言把握非常不如意的地方。那么在考试这么重要,就不要把这些缺点拿出来展示。让我说得更直白一点,考试写作考察的是你的“语言能力”而不是“思想境界”。因此作文的批改者并不关心你的观点是否靠谱,理念是否先进,意境是否优美,他们最关心的,是你的语言表达能力为何。因此谨记,考试写作就是一场相亲,把你最美的一面拿出来见人!更重要的是,大多数的考试阅卷,都是采用扣分法。也就是在审核了你大概的写作水平以后,阅卷老师就开始像国产VCD一样,对你的写作进行“超强纠错”。错一个地方,扣0.5-1分不等。因此写作的时候,展示你“美”的一面,更要把你不足的一面藏起来。所以,以下的写作策略,都是围绕如何展示你有限的语言表达能力,让它看上去最美。如果你赶着考试,请先看最后面的“要命的技巧”,然后从策略一开始,一个一个策略的练习。时间不够的话,策略一和策略二就基本够用了。

策略一:提纲与总分总结构!

我不得不说,中国人写作是从来不列提纲的。如果你只是随便写写日记,或者进行抽屉文学的创作,那么列不列提纲其实无伤大雅。然而到了考试写作,你就必须学会列提纲。因为要在如此之短的时间内完成如此之多字数的创作,如果没有列提纲的辅助,你就无法展现你的文字功底。

提纲的列举也是不能天马行空的,任何考试写作都必须有固定的提纲套路,也就是所谓的“总分总结构”。任何时候写任何文章,都要立即在大脑中规划出这篇文字的总起、分论点和结论部分。

所谓总起部分,就是要在全文的一开头,说明你的观点。如果是说明性、记叙性文字,也必须有总起,开门见山的说明你接下来的要讲述的事情是什么。在一些写作中,出题者为了防止学生凑字数,往往会帮你准备好一段总起性的文字。即使如此,你自己心里有一个“总分总”的结构,也仍然非常重要。

文章的分论点,是全文着墨的重点,也是字数最多的部分。分论点的写作务必带有引导词,譬如第一、第二、第三等。这些引导词不但让你的文章结构清晰,更重要的是能够有效的占用字数。这里特别注意,很多精彩的引导词,是可以事先写好的。例如??“首先”“第一”的几种表达法:attheeverybeginning;firstofall;atthebeginning;

“其次”“第二”的表达法:whatismore;whatisworse;whatismoreimportant;

“最后”的表达法:thelastbutnottheleast;intheend;

如果是遇到观点对比型的题目,引导词可以大大的帮你降低写作的难度,因为它们本身就要占据大量的字数。

文章的结尾部分,一般是再次阐述全文的观点。但是要注意,不要把开头段落照抄一遍,试着换几个意思相似的词或者表达法,重新表述一次你的观点。当然,有一些文章是可以使用万能结尾的。譬如呼吁大家采取行动的文章,就可以使用以下万能结尾!

Thereisanoldsaying:“actionsspeaklouderthanwords.”Theref ore,itishightimeforusalltodotherightthingnow!……(有一个古老的谚语:行动胜于言语。因此,现在正是我们采取正确行动的时候了??)

以上的这些内容,都是可以在你进入考场之前,事先准备好的。

策略二:核心句和凑字数!

我一直反复强调,写作不是为了考察你的思想境界,而是考察你的语言能力。因此我将考试写作定位为三个操作流程。流程一:列举提纲,明确各段落写作目标;流程二:每写一段,先构思核心句;流程三,在构思好核心句以后,构思凑字数的内容。

流程一刚才已经说明,现在说流程二和流程三——核心句与凑字数。

为什么要强调核心句?因为想太多很容易出错。如果你想要表达一个观点,请先把你要表达的中文内容的主谓宾或者主系表结构,在脑海里事先构思好。

举例说明,一篇描写生日的文章,你想表达“我吃了一顿大餐”,那么你首先要想好这句话的基本结构:主语-我;谓语-吃;宾语-大餐(使用搭配havedinner,时态had)。当这个基本结构在你脑海里的时候,这句话本身就不容易犯错误了。

反观一般人写作,脑海里都是没有核心句的。他们的脑子一转就是一句巨牛无比的句子,结构之复杂、内容之广阔、语法之精深,就是莎士比亚再世都无法把握。这样就很容在写作的时候犯下根本性的结构性语法错误。

核心句想好了,扩充核心句以凑字数就容易了。

安全凑字法第一:主语复杂化(为确保语法安全,我不提倡非宾语的复杂化)

Ihaddinner.→MyfriendsandIhaddinner.

安全凑字法第二:为名词添加形容词

MyfriendsandIhaddinner.→MydearfriendsandIhadawonderfuldi nner.

安全凑字法第三:为句子添加时间、地点状语

MydearfriendsandIhadawonderfuldinner.

→Lastterrificweekend,mydearfriendsandIhadawonderfuldinne rinthemostfamoushotelofFuzhou.

安全凑字法第四:为句子结尾处的名词,套定语从句(非限定性定语从句,which可以指代全句)

Lastterrificweekend,mydearfriendsandIhadawonderfuldinneri nthemostfamoushotelofFuzhou.

→Lastterrificweekend,mydearfriendsandIhadawonderfuldinne rinthemostfamoushotelwhichisawesomeandluxury.或

→Lastterrificweekend,mydearfriendsandIhadawonderfuldinne rinthemostfamoushotel,whichmademethemosthappywomanintheworld.

安全凑字法五:加感叹句。

当一个句子表达完了,实在还想凑点什么字数的时候,可以考虑加入感叹句。

Lastterrificweekend,mydearfriendsandIhadawonderfuldinneri nthemostfamoushotelwhichisawesomeandluxury.

→Lastterrificweekend,mydearfriendsandIhadawonderfuldinne rinthemostfamoushotelwhichisawesomeandluxury.Whatanunforgetta blenightitwas!

在这里请注意,以上所说的凑字数的方法,称为“安全凑字法”。其前提是你必须先构思好“核心句”。只要核心句本身不出错,安全凑字法会帮助你极大限度的扩充文章字数,帮你安全的展示自己的语言能力。

策略三:使用高级语法和高级用词。

如何展示你的语言能力?不是看你的文法多复杂,而是看你是否在恰当的地方展示了你的语言肌肉。比如定语从句,不定式做目的状语,动名词做伴随状语,notonly…butalso…结构,倒装结构,都是你可以在考试之前训练熟练的高级语法句式。

在考试中,安排一两处,将你事先准备好的高级句式插入即可。高级句不求多,有一两个即可。例如以下段落就用不定式做目的状语,兼且使用nothingbut结构。

Tomakeroomforthosebuildings,treesarebeingcutdown,grassplo tsoccupied.Citieslooklikenothingbutgreyconcretewoods.

我个人建议,写作中使用1-2个定语从句,一个notonlybutalso 结构,最多再带一个目的状语或伴随状语,全文就已经巨牛无比了。(看你自己会什么,习惯用什么,不要人云亦

云去背那些你根本不懂的所谓高级句子)

此外,写作中还可以准备一些高级词代替常用的普通词。

Ithink→AsfarasIamconcerned…/Inmyopinion/Inmypointofview

So→therefore/thus

But→however/nevertheless,

Because→asaresultof…

要命的小技巧

1,写作尽量要分段。

很多人写短篇作文从来不分段。不分段会造成两个直接的后果,第一个是当你发现写的内容有错的时候,过于致密的段落结构让你无从修改此前的错误。此外,如果你最后发现字数不够的时候,紧密的文字编排,会让你无从下笔。因此记住,尽量分段写。

2,除了中考和雅思考试,其他考试写作请准备好铅笔。

越是重要的大考,就越要用这招(雅思考试无效,它的每一项考试内容是分场次的,不会给你这么多时间)。首先,写作的时候可以用铅笔先写好(记得在脑海里先画好提纲);然后用水笔套着铅笔把作文抄写一遍;最后把铅笔的痕迹擦除。这样写出来的作文,清爽,畅快,更重要的是——写作时候必不可少的修改环节往往会留下很多难看的痕迹,用这招就没有这种风险。

3,写作提前(雅思考试无效)

国内大多数重要的考试都采用写作一票否决制的判分方式。也就是说,写作如果是0分,全卷0分。写作如果低于及格分,全卷倒扣

分。而往往大家在考场上,会将过多的时间投入到分值很低的单选题上,导致写作的时候时间非常紧张。

因此可以在听力结束后,试情况先完成写作(我考四六都过关,就是把单选都放到最后去做。因为单选来不及,你还可以填ABCD,写作来不及就根本没戏了)。

4,写作后的检查内容(如果还是时间的话)

a,检查时态

b,检查名词单复数

c,检查动词单复数

d,检查动词做主语、宾语,是否使用了非谓语形式。

结语:Practicemakesperfect!

熟能生巧这句话再怎么强调也不为过。想要提高写作能力,就必须经常练习,并且在写作的过程中,有意的使用高级词替换低级词,用高级句型、语法,替换低级的句型和语法。因此,本篇并不打算像大多数指导写作的文章那样,企图穷尽所有的高级句型、单词和文章结构——因为写了你也掌握不了。

最重要的是你要采取行动,一步一个脚印地将以上三大策略一样样的加以落实。假以时日,你会爱上写作,并体会到以上这些技巧不仅仅是在帮助你应付即将到来的考试,更重要的是教给你一种驾驭语

言文字,进而驾驭自己的思维,进行畅快表达的语言能力。(多棒的一个总分总模式下的结尾啊,点题加升华,我自己都感动了。)

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