新目标人教版八年级英语下语法讲解

结合新目标人教版八年级英语下册Unit4

谈谈直接引语和间接引语

1．首先同学们先从概念上理解直接引语和间接引语：

直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语前后加引号，间接引语不必加。现用课本中的句子解释如下：

直接引语：Marcia said, “She is having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.”

Lana said, “I’m mad at Marcia.”

间接引语：

Marcia said that she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.

Lana said that she was mad at Marcia.

2. 变直接引语为间接引语的方法：

（1）直接引语的主语是第一人称，改为间接引语后要根据意思改变人称，如：

Lana said, “I’m mad at Marcia.”

Lana said that she was mad at Marcia.

注：若直接引语为陈述句，改为间接引语时，可以把that 省略。

（2）若主语谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引

语要调整时态。列表如下：

直接引语间接引语

现在时过去时

现在完成时过去完成时

过去完成时不变

将来进行时过去将来进行时

现在进行时过去进行时

过去时过去完成时

将来时过去将来时

将来完成时过去将来完成时

通过上表，同学们可以了解Grammar Focus中直接引语与间

接引语的变化方式了，如下：

Direct speech Reported speech

I am mad at Marcia. She said she was mad at Marcia.

I am having a party for Lana. She said she was having a party for Lana.

I go to the beach every Saturday. He said he went to the beach every Saturday.

I will call you tomorrow. He told me he would call me tomorrow the

next day.

I can speak three languages. She said she could speak three languages. 注：若直接引语部分是一种客观事实时，时态不变，如：

The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.

该为间接引语：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

(3) 直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语和动词也要作调整。列表如下：

直接引语间接引语

指示代词this these that those

时间状语now

today

tonight

this week

yesterday

last week

three days ago

tomorrow

next week

then

that day

that night

that week

the day before

the week before

three days before

the next day

the next week

地点状语here there

动词come go

(4) 若直接引语为一般疑问句（即倒装语序，改为间接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要用连词if或whether。如本单元Self—check部分中的第二题中的“She asked me if she could copy my homework.”就是由直接引语“She asked me, ‘can I copy your homework?’”变化而来。同时，如下句：

She asked her mum, “Can I go with you?”

She asked her mum if she could go with her.

以上是结合本单元对直接引语与间接引语的变化做了简单的介绍，同学们，你学会了么？做一下下面的题来自我检测一下吧！

把下列的直接引语改为间接引语：

1．He said, “Did you see him yesterday?”

2．He said, “The moon moves around the sun.”

3．She said, “I’m coming this afternoon”.

4．He said, “ I like it very much.”

5．She said, “ I have seen the film. It is good.”

6．Emily said, “Shall I do that?”

7．The waiter asked, “Is there anything else I can do?”8．John asked, “ Do you understand?”

9．He asked, “Are you a teacher or a student?”

10．He said , “I don’t smoke.”

参考答案：

1．He asked if I had seen him the day before.

2．He said that the moon moves around the sun.

3．She said that she was going that afternoon.

4．He said that he liked it very much.

5．She said she had seen the film and it was good.

6．Emily asked if she should do that.

7．The waiter asked if there was something else he could do. 8．John asked if I understood.

9．He asked if I was a teacher or a student.

10．He said that he didn’t smoke.