(完整版)医学英语词根词缀大全

Suffix Meaning Example

-ac pertaining to

属于，关于cardiac: pertaining to the heart 心脏（病）的

-al pertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine

-ar pertaining to molecular: pertaining to a molecule

分子的

-ary pertaining to

belonging to ciliary: pertaining to the cilia 睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

-ase enzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar

淀粉酶

-cle smallness

小,少,贫乏,小气follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac 小囊,(头发的)毛囊

-e an instrument 仪器auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检

查耳朵用的)耳镜

-eal pertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx

喉的, 喉音的

-ia condition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕

-ic pertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin

有毒的；因中毒引起的

-ics study of; name of a science paediatrics: study of children, their development

and diseases 儿科学

-ine/in substance 物质insulin：substance (hormone) produced by the

islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

胰岛素

-ism process or condition alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which

becomes addictive 酒精中毒

-ist one who specializes in

精通于……的人pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家

-itis inflammation refers to a part in

……部位的炎症rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages 鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎

-(i)um relation to a whole; related to

与……相关

endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜

-ive characterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing

止咳药

-let tiny; small droplet: a tiny drop 小滴

-ment the result or product of an action development: thing which develops or is being

developed; action of becoming mature

-oid resembling; like

像mucoid: resembling mucus 粘液样的

-ole little; small centriole: the small dense structure in the middle

of the centrosome

细胞中心粒；中心体

-oma tumor; swelling refers to a doer dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin

皮肤纤维瘤

-or/-er either a person or thing receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to

various stimuli 感受器，受体

-ory characterized by; pertaining to suspensory: which is hanging down

悬吊式，悬带

-ose sugar fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some

fruit 果糖

-osis abnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden

nail 嵌甲

-ous pertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing

poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的

-somes bodies ribosome: the body of nucleic acid 核糖体

-um structure; thing; substance 结构，物质 magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance

镁（金属元素）

-y condition; act; process dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition

or metabolism 营养不良

The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes

Suffix Meaning Example

-algia pain; painful; condition arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛

--ase enzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶

-blast embryo 胚，胚胎，人类胚胎 hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞 -carcinoma malignant tumor developing from connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤

adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing

from glandular tissue 腺癌

-cele protrusion; distention 突出；膨胀，延伸 esophagocele: abnormal distention of the

esophagus 食管突出

-centesis surgical puncture 手术穿孔 paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the

aspiration of fluid 穿刺术

-capnia carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化

碳缺乏

-cide kill germicide: (substance) which can kill germs

杀菌剂

-clast cell phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell,

which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌

细胞

-dynia pain glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛

-ectasia/ -ectasis expansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张) atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张

-ectomy surgical excision or removal of gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach 胃切

除术

-edema excessive accumulation of serous m yxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid

fluid 水肿 gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿 -emia

blood condition leukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病 -emesis

vomiting 呕吐 hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血 -gen

something that produced or prouduces pathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原体 -genesis

production 生产 spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes 精子发生 -globin

protein 蛋白质 hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血红素 -gnosis

knowledge diagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination -gram

image; picture electrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease. Abbr. ECG and EKG . Syn. cardiogram 心电图 -graph(y)

process of recording 记录过程 electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录 -iasis

condition; state 情况，状况 cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症 -iatry/

-iatrics

healing, frequently refers to a branch of medicine 康复，常指医学的一个分支 podiatry: treatment of foot disorders 足部医疗 -lith

stone cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 胆结石 -logy

the study of cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学 -logist

one who studies and treats urologist: a physician who specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生 -lysis

breakdown, destruction hemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin 溶血 -malacia

softening osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化 -mania

extreme compulsion or preoccupation 强迫症 kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖 -megaly

giant acromegaly: a condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症 -metry/

-meter measurement spirometry: measurement of the volume of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the

lungs 肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)

-odynia

pain cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛 -one hormone 荷尔蒙，激素

parathormone: which regulates calcium balance

among the blood, bones, and teeth 甲状旁腺激素

-opia a defect in the eye 眼睛的毛病 myopia: being short-sighted 近视

-opsy to view biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic

diagnosis 活检

-osis morbid condition 病态的 sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症

-osmia smell anosmia: loss of the sense of smell 嗅觉丧失

-ostomy process of making an opening into or a connection between 造瘘 gastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening

from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach

胃造口术

-oxia level of oxygen 氧水平 hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in

body tissues 组织缺氧

-pathy disease; diseased condition ophthalmopathy: any eye disease 眼病

-penia deficiency leukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood.

Syn. leukocytopenia 白细胞减少症

-pepsia digestion eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好

--pexy a fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 缝合固定 hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver 肝

固定术

-phagia/phag y

eating; swallowing 吃，吞咽 dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing 吞咽困难 -phil attraction 吸引，具有吸引力的事物 basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell

which contains granules 嗜碱性粒细胞

-phobia fear xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers 对外国人

的恐惧，憎恶

-plasia formation; development hyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of

an organ or tissue 增生，数量型肥大

-phonia voice dysphonia: difficulty in speaking 发声困难 -plasm formation; growth or substance of formation

cytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell 细胞浆

-plasty surgical repair osteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone 骨整形术，

骨成形术

--plegia stroke; paralysis 中风 thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke 热射病

-pnea breathing eupnea: normal breathing 呼吸正常，平静呼吸 --ptosis a falling, the dropping or sagging of an organ 器官下移 hepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver

肝下垂

-ptysis spitting 分散 melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen 黑色痰液;咳

黑痰

-poiesis production hemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作

用，生血作用

-rrhage/ -rrhagia bursting forth of blood 出血 menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during menstruation 月经过多

-rrhaphy surgical sewing or suturing splenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen 脾修补术 -rrhea overflow hydrorrhea: watery discharge 液溢

-(o)rrhexis splitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝气 amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac

羊膜破裂

-sarcoma malignant tumor developing from connective tissue liposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat

脂肪肉瘤

-schesis a holding back; suppression of discharge 阻碍；抑制排放

uroschesis: suppression of urine 闭尿，尿潴留

-sclerosis a hardening dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin 硬皮病 -scope instrument for viewing stethoscope: an instrument for performing

medicate ausculation 听诊器

-scopy process of examining visually hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查 -spasm involuntary contraction angiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in

a blood vessel 血管痉挛

-stasis suppression; stoppage; control; arrest 抑制，中止 hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding

止血，止血法

-stenosis abnormal narrowing of a duct or canal 管、道德异常狭窄 laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx

喉狭窄

-stomy surgical opening to the outside of the body 造口 colostomy: surgical operation to make an opening

from the colon 结肠造口术

-tention pressure hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压

-therapy treatment physiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical

means 物理疗法

--tion process hospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized

住院

-tocia labor; birth 生产 embryotocia: abortion 流产

-tome tool for incision arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint 关节刀 -tomy process of cutting into gastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术 -tropia turning 转弯，变向 esotropia: turning inward of the eye 内斜视

-trophy nourishment or development of an organ 器官的营养、发育 dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition

or metabolism 营养不良

-uria a condition of the urine （小便） dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难 -version turning eversion: a turning outward 外翻，翻转 Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes

Prefix Meaning Example

a-/an- without; not aphasia: the inability to understand written or

spoken words or to speak meaningfully 失语症

ab- away from abortion: expulsion from the uterus 流产 ad- to; toward; near adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的

acro- a point or tip acronyx: growing into the flesh 嵌甲

alb- white albino: a person lacking normal pigmentation 白发

病者

amb-/ ambi- both ambisexual 、bisexual: (person) who is sexually attracted to both males and famales 双性恋

amphi-/ ampho- both; both sides amphicentric: beginning and ending in the same vessel 起止同源的血管

ana- up; back again anabolism: process of building up complex

chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones

合成代谢

Angio- a blood vessel angioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel血

管瘤

ante- before antenatal: during the period between conception

and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的

anti- against antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression抗

抑郁剂

audi- hearing; sound audiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定auto- self autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the

body’s own cells自身抗体

bi- two; twice bicellular: two cells两室的

bio- living organisms生命体biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学brady- slow bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown

by a slow pulse rate心动过缓

carcin- carcinoma or cancer癌；瘤carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物

cata- downwards; under; against;

along with cataract: condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque白内障

centi- one hundredth百分之一centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one

hundredth of a meter)厘米

co(n)- with or together consanguineous: blood relationship血亲的，血缘

的，密切的

contra- against contraception: prevention of pregnancy by using

devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法

de- removal or loss decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed

脱去咖啡因的

deca- ten decagram: ten grams 十克

deci- tenth deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth

of a little)1/10公升

di- two diglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言

dia- through; between; apart; across diathermy: process of (treating) through heat

透热疗法

dis- reversal or separate disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂

dys- bad; difficult; disordered dysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint

关节变形

echo- sound echocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart心

回波描记，超声心动描记术

ect-/ ecto- outside or outer ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of

cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤

en- in; within enostosis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣endo- inside endocardium: membrane which lines the heart心

内膜

epi- on; over epidermis: outer layer of skin表皮

ery- red erythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell

红细胞

eso- inward; within(向内) esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视

eu- good eugenics: study of how to improve the human race

by genetic selection优生学

ex-/ exo- out of exhale: to breath out 呼出

extra- outside extracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的

hemi- half hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of

the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂

hydro- water hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in a

cavity such as the scrotum阴囊积水

hyper- higher or too much hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood高

血糖症

hypo- less or too little hypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the

blood 低血钾

in- in or into inbreeding: breeding between a closely related

male and female 近亲交配

in- not incoherent: not able to speak in a way which

makes sense语无伦次

infra- below or beneath infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella髌

inter- between interlobular: between lobules小叶间的

intra- inside intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal

cord 髓内

itro- into introvert: person who thinks only about himself

and his own mental state性格内向的人

mal- bad or abnormal malfunction: abnormal working of an argan机器

等运转失常；失灵；出现故障

meta- changes metaplasia: change of one tissue to another

化生，转化，组织变形

micro- very small microcyte: abnormally small red blood cell小红

细胞

mid- middle midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones

腕骨间的

milli- one thousandth milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克mis- error or wrong miscarriage: spontaneous abortion流产

multi- many multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has

been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇noct- at night nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of

urine when asleep in bed at night夜尿症

nona- nine or the nineth nonagon: flat shape which has nine sides九边形octa- eight octan: every eight days八日热；每隔八日发一次

的

odont- teeth odontology: study of teeth and associated

structures, and their disorders

onco-

tumours oncology: scientific study of new gowths 肿瘤学 oro-

mouth orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue 口与舌的 pachy-

thickening pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body become abnormally thick 躯体肥厚 pali-/

palin-

against; pathologic repetition 病态的重复 palindromic: (disease) which recurs 复发的，再发的 pan-/pant-/

panto-

all pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all the cellular elements of the blodd 全血细胞减少症 para-

similar to or near; changed or beyond paralyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so that they cannot function 使麻痹，使瘫痪 pen-/

penta-

five pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urine 戊糖尿 per-

through percutaneous: done or administered through the skin 经皮的，由皮的 peri-

around pericystitis: inflammation of tissue around the bladder 膀胱周炎 pero-

deformed or defective 畸形有缺陷的 peromelia: congenital deformity of the limbs 四肢不全 pharmaco-

drugs pharmacology: study of drugs or medicines, and their action, properties and characteristics 药理学，药物学 pleo-/

pleio-

too many pleokaryocyte: condition where a greater than normal number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid 多核细胞 pluri-

more pluriglandular: pertaining to or affecting several glands 多线性的 pneum-/

pneunmo-

air or the lungs; breathing pneumonia: inflammation of a lung 肺炎 poly-

touching many organs polyphagia: condition where a patient eats too much; morbid desire for every king of food 多食症，杂食症 post-

after or later postprandial: after a meal 餐后的 pre-

before of in front of premature: early or before the normal time 过早的，早产 presby-

old age presbyopia: an old person’s sight fails gradually 老花眼 pro-/

supin-/

pron-

before or in front of lying on the back bend forward prognosis: prediction of the outcome of a disease 预测；预后 quadri-/

quint-

four five/fifth quadruplet or quad: one of four babies born to a mother at the same time 四胞胎 radio- ray or radiation radiotherapy: treating a disease by exposing the

affected part to radioactive 放射疗法

semi- half semiptosis: the downward sagging of half or part

of an organ 轻度睑下垂

sub- under submucous: under the mucous membrane粘膜下

层的；粘膜下的

super- above; extremely superalbuminosis: abnormal increase of albumin

白蛋白过多

syn- with; joint syndesmosis: joint where the ones are tightly

linked by ligaments 韧带联合

supra- above; over suprarenal: (situated) above a kidney 肾上腺tachy- fast tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart 心动过速tetra- four tetracycline: antibiotic used to treat a wide range

of bacterial diseases 四环素

trans- across; through; beyond transmission: the transfer, as of a disease, from

one person to another 传染

tri- three tricephalus: a fetus with three heads 三头畸胎ultra- beyond; excess ultrasonics: the science dealing with ultrasonic

sound waves 超声波学

uni- one uniglandular: affecting only one gland 单腺的xen(o)- strange; foreign xenograft: a graft of tissue transplant between

animals of different species 异种移植物