雅思作文语法及句式多变

一．正确理解句子成分：

英文句子的组成成分细分起来主要有7种：主语，谓语，宾语（表语），定语，状语，补语和同位语。句子成分，真正关键的是要知道什么样的词才能作这种成分，否则就会出现错误。

主语：

是句子要说明的人或事物，可由名词，代词，动名词，动词不定式，WHAT从句，THAT从句，HOW从句等组成。

注意：动词原形不能作主语。

例：

一些城镇，城市，地区及国家似乎有比其他地方有更好的教育。

Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems.

成为任何一个社区里有价值的一员不像学一种简单的技能。

Fifty years ago in the UK, getting good grades and scoring high on tests were important but not crucial to life chances.

在压力之下保持冷静并且坚持很重要。

It is certainly true that scientists are gaining a clearer understanding of the outer space, thanks to many years of research and better data.

承担责任帮助年轻一代成为社会中活跃的，能干的一员是社会中每个人的责任。

谓语：

说明主语的动作，状态或特征。在英语中，谓语永远只能由动词构成。

例：

在学校，孩子们将会体验到同来自社会中不同背景的人一起合作和生活的情形。

Today many local and national newspapers carry advertisements and information about holidays.

Spending time with other children and sharing experiences can make children more sociable.

宾语：

表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词后。能作宾语的有名词，代词，动名词，动词不定式，WHAT从句，THAT从句，HOW从句等。

有一种特殊的宾语，就是当动词是be (am, is , are)动词时，be动词后面的名词或形容词也可以叫表语。

例：

It allows more equality among pupils.

一些成年人用电脑做其他事情，如获得信息和发邮件给朋

友。

A good writer concentrate on the not just the words, phrases and grammar that he or she uses, but his thoughts as well.

The world inside the school walls is different from the world outside the walls.

The main concern is the type of computer activities that attract children.

说服生产商和旅行的人采用这种新科技将会是一个改善空气质量更为有效的方式。

定语：

修饰名词的成分。最常用的定语就是形容词，还有一种句子修饰名词的定语：定语从句。

例子：

电动车将会是既安静又干净。

相对赚钱快的明星来说，他们对我们的良好的状态及未来都是更为重要的。

In addition, the government should fund the parental support.

Employees need to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work.

状语：

在IELTS作文中，主要是宾补。

即：v. + n. + n./adj

在雅思作文中，宾补结构比较有限，一般只用来补充说明以下动词后的宾语。Find/make/render

例：

很多人发现他们的回报不公平，尤其把他们的工资同顶级外科医生或研究科学家相比的时候。

由于经济衰退，最近的毕业生发现工作市场低迷。Some individuals are concerned the internet will make/render international tourism obsolete过时的.

相对开车长途旅行而言，长途火车和汽车服务应该被做成有吸引力且大众消费得起的替代物。

同位语：说白了就是一个名词的后面跟一个短语，解释这个名词。

例：

社会科学，即处理人类社会的科学，在19世纪早期的欧洲就形成了。

Job satisfaction,a very important part of an employee’s sense of wellbeing, can be promoted in most jobs.

分清三种句子：

简单句：

只含主谓宾成分，当谓语不及物时，只含：主谓。

多数英文简单句不超过7个单词，表达的信息虽然简单，但是很明确。写主题段的第一句话（topic sentence）和后面的分论点时常常用到简单句。英文书面语中的简单句不宜过多，但也不要废掉它。简单句也有他的优势。

例：

员工通过几个方式可以获得工作满意度。

实验的价值不仅仅局限于科学。

并列句：主谓宾+主谓宾，中间用and/or/but 3个词当中一个串起来。

例：

Today most work is done by teams of people and all of them have different strengths and weaknesses.

不良的学生行为似乎是一个日益扩大的问题，我认为现代生活方式为此负责。

一些工作很重复并且无聊，且劳动关系很差，这导致没有安全感而不是工作满意。

How these things interact is still unknown today and they remain largely unpredictable in a person’s life.

复杂句：还是主谓宾+主谓宾，但和并列句的区别在于句

子开头或中间的连词不是用and/or/but 而是用更为复杂的连词。

例：

这并不意味着没有这些条件人们就不幸福。

尽管一些人把幸福同财富和物质成功联系起来，而其他人认为它在于情感和有爱的人际关系。

即使人们认为他们自己在抵制变化，但他们却不能阻止他们周围的世界变化。

怎样句式多边：作文句式单调不是一件好事

1．状语提前：是一种相当拿分的句式。

把一个由副词，介词，现在分词或者动词不定式形成

的小短语放在句首。这种句式的好处就是在一堆长句

子里突然出现一个短语，让句子产生一种长短结合的

节奏感。

例：

为了成为任何社会里一个好的成员，个人必须尊重和

服从他们团体里的规则且分享他们的价值观。

为了达到这个效果，我们需要给旅行者提供更多的可

用的公共交通服务的选择。

Overall, Europe suffered more from farmland

degradation than the other regions, and the main

cause was deforestation.

At school, children will experience working and living with people from a whole variety of backgrounds from the wider society.

在一些国家，人们的平均体重在增加而他们的健康水平却在下降。

因为现在很可能父母都在工作，适龄的孩子呆在家的可能性很小。相反他们更小的的候就很可能去幼儿园了。

Unfortunately, professionals from other fields who make a much greater contribution to human society are paid so much less that it is hard to disagree this statement.

尽管如此，小孩子获得计算机技能的明显的好处不能被否认.

In addition to/ apart from the financial benefits, some jobs bring intellectually rewards.

There are not many job opportunities available. Accordingly, the competition for jobs is increasingly fierce.

Oddly/strangely enough, most people seem to enjoy saying which ones are bad, and then say some are

slightly better.

Just like the movie stars, they live in extravagant

lifestyles with huge houses and cars.

In many ways, the history of civilization is the history

of technology.

As a result of media attention, 运动专业人士在我国

已经成了明星和名人。

为了成功，更多的技能和奉献是必须的。

挣扎在贫困中，在这些国家的人认为国际援助是必要

的也应该持续下去。

没有天份，持续的培训将既没有吸引力也没有创造性

Without suggesting that all technology is necessarily

good, I think it is by no means pointless to try to keep

traditions alive with technology。

英文中常见的状语前置的词还有：Traditionally,

historically, essentially, in essence, Surely, interestingly, specifically, in terms of…,

2．句中插入短语：让句子显得更加灵活。

This will affect the job market, which, after all, is a key

target in any economic plan.

一个人对工作的感觉一定反映了一个人对她或他生

活的感觉，并且就因为如此，工作满意度事实上是很

体育明星和流行明星，比如说，很快就被下一代更年

轻的更有活力的一代所取代。

3．句尾用短语结束：给长句子增添亲和力。

Persuading manufacturers and travelers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality, especially in cities.

来自机动车辆的交通和污染已经变成一个很大的问

题，不管是城市还是高速路上。

A person needs to feel that they are doing valued and

valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect/regard.

Some jobs are repetitive and boring, and labor relations may be poor, which leads to resentment and insecurity rather than to job satisfaction.

A sense of fulfillment is also encouraged if a worker

feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to society or the economy as a whole.

一个孩子将会学着和不同的人互动，并且一些孩子就

因为此在很早就学会了交流。

4．用以-LY结尾的副词：在英语中可以用来修饰形容词，动词甚至全句。在连续使用时，会产生强势排比论证

例：

This invariably无一例外的leads to increases in the number of people travelling locally.

旅行的成本，由于全球经济衰退即使目前正在上升，对很多人来说是相对可以支配的。

国际运动赛事从社会方面，经济方面和政治方面影响各个国家。

很重要通过每日运动来保持体力上，脑力上及情绪上健康。

Similarly, boys in single-sex schools are more likely to take cookery classes and to study languages, which are often thought of traditional subjects for girls.

It often seems that the amount of money they are able to earn in a short time cannot possibly be justified by the amount of work they do.

The gap between their earnings and those of people who work less selfishly for the good of society has been widening.

老师一直在抱怨这个问题，措施应该被采取来解决这种情况。

一个产品的成功不能仅仅归功于广告。

有趣的是，科技能积极地有助于使传统的技能和生活

方式存活。

理想状态是，所有有巨大杀伤力的武器都应该被消

灭。但是在现实生活中，对这种武器的消除会引起很

严重的国家安全的担心。

从理论上讲。。。。。。但事实上。。。。。。。In

theory/theoretically/hypothetically,…..But in

practice,/But in actuality,/But realistically,….

5．倒装句

例：

只有以这种方式，问题才能得到有效地解决。

我们看到不仅这些经济之间有很大的的差距，并且这

些差距在加大。

Strange as it may seem, parents’ attention sometimes

hinders students’ academic development.

Equally important to success in learning a foreign

language is constant attention to details.

6. 强调句

用it is …that….或者it is…who…这两种强调句式：正是。。。。导致了。。。。

正是这两者的相互影响形成了一个人的性格并且决定了个性的发展方式。

However,it is only those who reach the very top of their profession can get these huge salaries.

正是因为某物让个人用一生去学习。

7．虚拟语气：使用虚拟语气是比较高的要求，说白了就是用过去的时态表示现在或者将来的事情，表示语气弱化。在雅思作文中提建议的时候，虚拟语气相当常用。

If sufficient sky trains and underground train systems

were built and effectively maintained in our major

cities, then traffic on roads would be dramatically

reduced.

长期交通和污染的减少将取决于教育公众更多地使

用公共交通，也取决于政府用公众的钱来修建并维护

有效率的交通系统。

Without the natural talent, continuous training would

be neither attractive nor productive, and without

training, the child would not learn how to exploit and

develop their talent.

高质量的幼儿园应该被建立，这将在培养下一代方面

更多地支持家庭。

If this were not true, then we would be able to predict

the behavior and character of a person from the

moment they were born.

8. 长短句结合：如果一篇文章里都是长难句，可能会让考官的心情变得十分沉重，而长短句交替出现则形成跳跃的节奏感。

e.g.

Some educationalists think it is more effective to educate boys and girls in single-sex schools because they believe this environment reduces distractions and encourages pupils to concentrate on their studies. This is probably true to some extent.

对各种犯罪必须要有固定的处罚。但是刑法必须提供一个惩罚的低限和上限，且法律也不得不预见某些情况的赦免。（exemptions）

Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect.

当然，并非每个人都喜欢他们的工作。艰难的经济现实意味着很多人在找工作时没有什么选择。在某些情况下，员工做的工作既不符和他们的技能，也不符合他们的性格。

9．主被动交替：在雅思作文这种比较短小的essay中，被动语态是实现句式多样化的好方法之一。但不宜过多地使用被动语态。

例1：

Educating children to understand the need to obey

rules and respect others always begins in the home

and is widely thought to be t he responsibility of

parents. They will certainly be the first to help children

learn what is important in life, how they are expected

to behave and what role they will play in their world.

工作满意度被一种责任感和对团队的忠诚所增加。

这种行业应该被更好地赏识和被给予更好的待遇。

In conclusion, I agree that any child can be taught

particular skills, but to be really good in areas such as

music, art or sport, then some natural talent is

required.

10．改变词性：使用一个单词的不同形式来获得多样的效果。

例：

People are concerned because the traditional values

are gradually disappearing.

People are concerned about the gradual

disappearance of the traditional values.

名词与动词的相互转化：

Improve-→ improvement intend to-→intention

Graduate-→graduation decide→decision Explore-→exploration discover-→discovery Aspire to-→aspiration provide-→provision

If sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on roads would be dramatically reduced.

Long term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient system.

例2：

Some individuals have no intention of fulfilling their responsibilities as parents.

Some individuals have no intention of fulfilling their parental responsibilities.

-al是常见的词汇后缀。有时是名词：Arrival, denial. 更多的时候是形容词：Professional, environmental, governmental, societal =social但前者更正式, biological, technological

形容词与抽象名词间的转换：

Mature-→maturity chaotic-→chaos

Generous-→generosity possible-→possibility

Happy→happiness applicable→applicability

Optimistic→optimism stable→stability

Disastrous→disaster

e.g.

Telecommuting 在家远程上班can bring numerous benefits to both employees and employers.

员工和雇主都能从远程上班中收益。（用三个不同的词性造句：benefit, is beneficial to, can be beneficiaries of）

There is difference between…→be different from→differ from

These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s.

When you are attracted to someone, it means your subconscious is attracted to his subconscious, subconsciously. (Sleepless in Seattle)

11. of +抽象名词：be+ of +抽象名词的意思相当于其中的那个名词所对应的形容词，用来说明某种特征和属性。常跟的抽象名词有importance/help/value/use/interest/significance/necessit y/quality/impact等等.

例：

天分和培训的相对重要性是一个经常讨论的话题

非常重要的是，在我看来，怎样定义培养孩子的责任。一些科技，如大规模杀伤性武器是有负面影响的。

1`2。通过比较制造出变化：通过比较不同事物来调动一些特殊句型。Too…to…; the +比较级，the +比较级例：

比如说，一些岛上的人口太少而没有正规的学校。

初学者越是放松，他们的语言获得越好。

13．符号：有时会用符号来打破长难句的单调感。

例：

By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.).

随着石油价格的上升，一个因素也不能忽略：上升的成本。There are large numbers of means of transport---there are more cars, buses and trains in operation.

14．the +形容词：泛指一类人。

The rich, the wealthy, the poor, the needy, the elderly, the unemployed, the weak, the neglected(被忽视的群体)

例：

政府应该致力于保护老人，病人和无家可归的人的权利。（dedicate oneself to doing）.

教孩子有责任感最有效的方式之一就是去鼓励他们照顾好穷人和有需要的人。