定语从句
定语从句
一关系代词引导的定于从句
1 who 指人，在句中做主语。
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
Those who wish to go to the museum must be at the gate by 7:50 a.m.
2 whom 指人，在句中做宾语，可省略。
Mrs Smith(whom)you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
The professor(whom) you wish to see has come.
3 whose 通常指人，也可指事物，在句中做定语，与它所连接的名词具有所属关系。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
Nobody wants to see the house whose roof has fallen in.
4 which 指事物，在句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。
Guilin is a city which has a history of 2000 years.
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which)he had lost on the train.
5 that 指事物，也可指认，在句中用作主语或者宾语，做宾语可以省略。
There is a film(that)I’d like to see.
She is the only one among us that knows French.
二关系副词引导的定于从句。
1 when 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time day hour year 等）。October 1,1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. From the time when he was little,he had known what he wanted to be when he grow up.
2 where 表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词（如place room house street area 等）。
This is the place where my mother was born.
Is this the room where we were living last winter?
3 why 表示原因，常用在先行词reason 后面。
I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
The reason why he said that is quite clear.
三关系代词前带介词的定于从句。
1 关系代词which,whom在定于从句中作介词的宾语时从句常由“介词+which/whom”引出。
Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.
The film of which I am speaking is to be shown at the People’s cinema next week. This is the teacher from whom we’ve learnt a lot.
The policeman with whom Mr Henry is talking in the office is a friend of mine.
2 这类介词中的介词也可放在从句末尾，这时关系代词可以省略。
The situation(which)we had got into was very dangerous.
The man (whom)we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.
四关系代词that 和which 的区别。
1 which可引导非限定性定语从句，that则不能。
He had failed in the math exam,which made his father very angry.
2 Which 之前可以有介词，that之前则不能有介词。
This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.
3 that 和which 都指物时，在4种情况下只能用that 而不能用which.
(1)当先行词为all, everything, nothing,something, anything,much,little,few等不定代词时。
That is all that I want to say.
There is nothing that I can prevent him from doing it.
(2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
(4)当先行词被the very,the only,the just等修饰时。
This is the very dictionary(that)I want to buy.
Mr Smith is the only foreigner (that)he knows.
五．非限定性定语从句。
定义：与先行词关系并不密切，只是作一些附加说明，不起限制作用，这种从句称为非限制性定语从句，这类从句往往用逗号与主句分开。
Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of my father’s.
We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.
有时这类定语从句所修饰的不是前面一个词，而是代表整个主句所讲的内容，通常用逗号和主句分开。
He gave his mother a colour TV set for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.
六使用定语从句应注意的几个问题。
1 关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数由先行词决定。The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.
The students who are in Great Three are goning to climb the hill tomorrow.
2 定语从句有时并不是紧跟先行词，中间由一个成分隔开。
There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon.
3 定语从句的某些关系副词可用介词加which来代替。
October 1,1949 was the day when（on which）the People’s Republic of China was founded.
This is the house where( in which) Lu Xun used to live.
4 定语从句中的谓语动词是带介词或副词的动词短语时，动词短语的各个部分不要拆开。
The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk.
The sick man who she is looking after is her uncle.