儿科护理专科基础的知识点

儿科临床护理专科基本知识

1?小儿各年龄阶段的R..HR频率（次/分）

年龄呼吸脉搏呼吸脉搏比

新生儿40-50 120-140 1 : 3

—1岁30-40 110-130 1：3-4

—3岁25-30 100-120 1：3-

4

—7岁20-25 80-100 1： 4

—14岁18-20 70-90 1： 4

2?小儿正常血压：

0—1月收缩压60mmHg,1月一1岁收缩压70 mmHg,

2岁一12岁收缩压=年龄*2+80 （大于1岁收缩压=年龄*2+70 ）

3?小儿正常体重计算公式：

1一6月体重（kg）=出生体重+月龄*0.7

7—12 月体重（kg）=6+ 月龄*0.25

2-12岁体重（kg）=年龄*2+ （7或8）

青春期每年增长4—5kg，持续2—3年，青春期持续6—7年。4?小儿正常身长：

出生时平均50cm , 1岁时平均75cm, 2岁时平均85cm.,2岁后平均增长5—7cm。

2—12岁身长（cm）=年龄*7+70

5?小儿正常头围：

出生时33-34cm , 1 岁时46cm, 2 岁时48cm., 5 岁时50cm,15 岁54-58cm

6.头围测量方法：自眉弓上方?枕后结节饶头一周。

7?小儿胃容量：新生儿30-60ML , 1 — 3 月90-150ML , 1 岁250-300ML , 5 岁700-850ML。成人胃容量：2000ML。

胃排空时间：水 1.5-2h,母乳2-3h，牛奶3-4h。

8.小儿正常尿量：

新生儿1-3ml/kg.h 婴儿4 0 0 - 5 0 0 ml/ 日幼儿 5 0 0 - 6 0 0 ml/ 日

学龄前期6 0 0 - 8 0 0 ml/日学龄期8 0 0 - 1 4 0 0 ml/ 日

9.少尿：婴幼儿〈2 0 0 ml/ 日学龄前期〈3 0 0 ml/日学龄期ml/日

10.无尿：，〈5 0 ml/日新生儿〈0 ? 5 ml/h

11.小儿的膀胱容量：（年龄+2）*30

12.小儿低流量鼻导管输氧氧流量：

新生儿0 . 5L / min，婴幼儿1L / min，学龄前期1 . 5L / min，学龄期2L / min

I型呼衰给较高浓度的氧（3 5 - 5 0 % ）或高浓度氧（大于50% ）当卩aO2>9.3kpa时，

逐渐降低氧浓度

n型呼衰给低浓度的氧（〈3 0 - 3 5 %〉持续给氧。

实际吸入氧浓度（%）=21 + 4 *氧流量（L /min ）

关节功能位：手臂维持外展位，肘部微屈。

仰卧位时肩关节高于肩部水平。膝下放软枕，防止骨突关节外旋，以毛巾卷

赠送以下资料

英语万能作文（模板型）

Along with the adva nee of the society more and more problems are

brought to our atte nti on, one of which is that....

随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是

As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take differe nt attitudes.

然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。（Hold different attitudes

持不同的看；Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法）

As society develops, people are attach ing much importa nee to....

随着社会的发展，人们开始关注 .......

People are attach ing more and more importa nee to the in terview during job hunting

求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。

As to whether it is worthwhile ..…,there is a long-running con troversial debate. It is quite n atural that people from differe nt backgro unds may have diverge nt attitudes towards it.

关于是否值得___________ ■勺问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，

不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。

In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.

在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境

Rece ntly the phe nomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....

最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心

The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our atte nti on.

人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度

不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。

... p lays such an importa nt role that it undeni ably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a bless ing or a curse?"

______ 得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可

厚非的。不过，问题是："我们该如何抉择?"

Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges,

现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。

People from differe nt backgro unds would put differe nt in terpretati ons on the same case.

不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。

The con troversial issue is ofte n brought into public focus. People from differe nt backgro unds hold differe nt attitudes towards the issue.

这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。

Whe n asked …，some people think..…while some prefer...

说到______ ,有人认为 ________ ,而另一些人则认为 __________ 。

Just as the say ing goes: "so many people, so many min ds". It is quite un dersta ndable that views on this issue vary from pers on to pers on.

俗话说，叫不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。

To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.

对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。

There is a good side and a bad side to everythi ng, it goes without say ing that...

万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑， _____________ 。

When it comes to ..., most people believe that ..., but other people

regard ...as ....

提到_________ 问题，很多人认为_________ 不过，一些人则认

为______ 是____ .

When faced with...., quite a few people claim that ...., but other people thi nk as...

提到_________ 问题，仅少数人认为________ ，但另一些人则认

为_________ 。

There is a public con troversy no wadays over the issue of .... There who criticize ...argue that ...., they believe that ...,but people who favor .., on the other hand, argue that...

目前，___ 问题争议较大。批判_____ 的人认为_____ ，他们认为

____ ，不过，另一方面，赞同____ 的人则认为________ 。

Some people are of the opinion that..有些人认为 _____________ 。

Many people claim that... 很多人认为__________ 。

A majority of绝大多数

A large nu mber of 很多人

Some people contend that ... has proved to bring many adva ntages

(disadva ntages)

有些人认为________ 很多有利之处(不利之处)。

Those who argue for ... say that ...economic development of the cities.

觉得____ 的人认为，_______ 城市的经济发展。

Some people advocate that ....

有些人在坚持认为__________ 。

They hold that ...他们认为__________ 。

People, who advocate that ..., have their sound reas ons (gro un ds)

坚持认为______ 的人也有其说法(依据)。

Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it. 那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。

Those who stron gly approve of ... have coge nt reas ons for it.

强烈认同______ 的人有很多原因。

Many people would claim that... 有人会认为

People who support ... give some or all of the follow ing reas ons.

那些支持_________ 点的人列出了如下原因：_________ 。

But others hold the view that ..但是，另外一些人则认为 _______ 。

观点的用词：Attitude, opin io n,与其搭配的动词以及词组：Take, have, come up with, set forth, put forward 等。

But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who str on gly advocate that..,.

不过，另一方面，也有少部分人坚持认为 ________________ 。

But people who are ..., on the other hand , maintain that...

不过，另一方面，________ 的人认为__________ 。

However, there are a large nu mber of people who hold a differe nt view concerning this case.

然而，很多人对此有不同的看法。

问题用词：Issue, phenomenon 后接介词,on, over等。

However, some others argue that..然而，另一些人贝U认为______ 。

However, there are also some others who contend that...

然而，也有人认为__________ 。

But other people set forth completely totally different argument con cer ning this case.

不过，对于此，另一些人则持完全不同的观点。

Some people exam ine this issue from ano ther an gle.

有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。

On the other hand, there are also many opp onents who stron gly ...

另一方面，也有很多反对的人，他们认为 ______________ 。

Accord ing to my pers on ality and fondn ess, I would prefer ... rather than …

根据我的个性以及兴趣，我选择 _______ 不会选择____________ 。

Pers on ally, I side with the latter (former) opin io n...

就我个人而言，我支持后者(前者) ________________ 。

Pers on ally, I am in favor of the former point of view.

就我个人而言，我较同意前一种看法。

To my point of view 我认为

To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the

drawbacks(disadva ntages, shortco min gs)

我认为，优点胜过缺点。

For my part, I sta nd on side of the latter opinion that..

就我而言，我较赞同后一种观点 ________________ 。

As far as I am concern ed, I am in cli ned to be on the side of the latter view.

在我看来，我较同意后一种观点。

After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that...

经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看法，亦即_____________ 。

If asked to make a decision, I would prefer...

如果真的需要作出选择，我宁愿 _____________ 。

展现问题篇

问题的常用词：questi on, problem, issue

Rece ntly, the issue of .... has bee n brought into public focus.

近来，_______ 的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。

Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people ' attitude towards some traditi onal

practice.

现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多人对某些

传统的看法也发生了很大改变。

Rece ntly the issue of whether or not ... has bee n in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.

近来，是否 ____ 的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关

注。

The issue whether it is good or not to .... has aroused a heated discussi on all over the coun try.

_____ 的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。

At present, some people think ....while others claim ...Both sides have their merits.

目前，一些人认为 ____ 而另一些人则认为____ 。其实，两种观

点都其可取之处。

People rarely reach an absolute consen sus on such a con troversial issue.

对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。

People from differe nt backgro unds would put differe nt in terpretati ons on the same case.

不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。

The con troversial issue is ofte n brought into public focus. People from differe nt backgro unds hold differe nt attitudes towards the issue.

这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题

的看法也不尽相同。

Whe n asked …，some people think..…while some prefer...

说到_____ ，有人认为________ ，而另一些人则认为 _________ 。

Just as the say ing goes: "so many people, so many min ds". It is quite un dersta ndable that views on this issue vary from pers on to pers on.

俗话说，叫不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。

To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.

对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。

There is a good side and a bad side to everythi ng, it goes without say ing that...

万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑， _____________ 。

When it comes to ..., most people believe that ..., but other people

regard ...as ....

提到___ 问题，很多人认为____ ，不过，一些人则认为 ___ 是___ .

Whe n faced with...., quite a few people claim that ...., but other people thi nk as..提到—问题，仅少数人认为—，但另一些人则认为