动词-ing形式作表语定语,宾补及状语的用法
动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法
一、动词-ing形式作表语
1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词）
The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)
二、动词-ing形式作定语
1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室
running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋
a working method =a method for working 工作方法
②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing
发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary
看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody
困扰人的问题
2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south)
他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket)
你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？
The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle
正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。
三、动词-ing形式作宾补
1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后
面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语
的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
They found the film very exciting.
= The film is found very exciting.
3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补）
I felt somebody standing behind me.
2)表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave 等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）
We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won‘t have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
4、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式
和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
We heard the telephone ring.
We heard the telephone ringing.
前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。
四、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
(= After we have made full preparations...)
2表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(= Since he was ill...)
3表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
= and left him a lot of money.
他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.
4表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
=If you work hard at your lessons..
.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
5表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
= Although they knew all this...
尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
6表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
= ...and stared at the sky for a long time
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
练习题
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs.
1)_______(clean) women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
2)All of us watched the hunter ________ (bring) down the dangerous bear.
3)When he woke up, he found himself ________ (lie) in hospital.
4)Electricity lines were brought down by ___________ (fall) trees in the
storm.
5)The tall building _________ (build) now will be a hospital.
6)The man ________ (wear) a sad look said, "I've lost my wallet."
7)—What is a water can used for?
—It's used to _________ (water) flowers or something like that.
8)There was a terrible noise __________ (follow) the sudden burst of light.
9)The missing boy was last seen _________ (play) near the river.
10)In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet _______ (point) at another
person.
2.-ing形式作补语练与析
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Though I have often heard this song ______, I have never heard you ______ it.
A. being sung; sang
B. sang; singing
C. sung; sing
D. to be sung; to sing
2. It was so cold that they kept the fire ______ all night.
A. to burn
B. burn
C. burning
D. burned
3. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting
4. —Did you meet anyone ______ at the party?
—No, in fact, I found the party rather ______.
A. interesting; boring
B. interested; boring
C. interesting; bored
D. interested; bored
5. The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off.
A. to have stolen
B. to be stealing
C. to steal
D. stealing
6. Don’t leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth.
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
7. The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing
B. missing; play
C. missed; played
D. missed; to play
8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke
B. smoking
C. to smoke
D. smoked
聚焦动词的——ING作状语[整理]-人教版
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英语中的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语
英语中的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语语法是理解英语逻辑的核心。语法不好的同学，处理简单句尚可；遇到复杂句型时，就晕头转向了。所以，要彻底读懂英语，必须在语法上下苦功夫。今天，我们彻底解析一下这些句子成分。（下图为：一个复合句中，所有的句子成分。） 1 第一：英语中的“主语” 1. 主语的含义： 主语即“动作的发出者”（主谓宾结构中）或者“表述的对象”（主系表结构中），一般放在句首，有时也放在中间或者句尾。充当主语的可以是名词、代词；也可以是短语、不定式；甚至可以是整个句子。所以，在找主语的时候，脑子里一定要有这些认知。 2. 充当主语的有哪些？ （1）名词/代词/数词做主语
（2）不定式/名词化短语做主语 （3）从句做主语（即主语从句） 从句做主语的句子，就是我们学过的“主语从句”。主语从句可以由连词that/whether引导；也可以由关系代词what/who/which引导；还可以由连接副词how/when/why/where引导。 详情如下：
（4）有时为了避免头重脚轻，经常会借助“it”充当形式主语，而真正的主语则放在句尾： （5）“There be …”句型 “there be…”比较特殊。在这种句型中，主语的位置在中间。比如：There are six beautiful French ladies walking on the street. 大街上有六位漂亮的法国女郎在散步。 2
第二：英语中的“谓语” 1. 含义： 谓语是句子的灵魂，主要用来“陈述主语的状态”或者“表明主语发出的动作”。 2. 分类：简单谓语复合谓语 （1）简单谓语：由一个动词或者一个动词短语构成谓语； I love my girlfriend. 我爱我的女朋友。 My boss stayed up late last night. 我的老板昨晚熬夜了。 （2）复合谓语： ① 情态动词/助动词+动词构成 ② 系动词+表语构成
动词ing形式的用法
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过去分词作定语表语练习题(含答案)
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动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语
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主语谓语宾语补语定语状语举例
主语谓语宾语补语定语 状语举例 公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语举例 1.【主语】： 就是一个句子陈述的对象,或是动作的执行者.它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题.如：我看电视.“我”就是这句子的主语. 主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当. ⑴妈妈回来了. ⑵今天是星期天. ⑶大海掀起滚滚的波涛. ⑷小明病了. ⑸燕子飞回来了. 2.【谓语】： 说明主语是什么,干什么,怎么样.它回答的是主语“干什么,是什么”的问题. 如如：我看电视.“看”就是这句子的谓语. 谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词,要么是行为动词,要么是系动词,不同的动 词构成不同的句子类型.其他例子自己可举一反三. 3.【宾语】 指谓语动词所涉及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用宾格.还如上例：我看电视.“电视”就是这句子的宾语. 需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语. 4.【补语】： 补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语,补充宾语叫宾语
补足语.如：他把我逗笑了.我激动得哭了.“哭了”即为补语. 5.【定语】： 修饰限定名字、代词的词,说明所修饰词的性质、特征等.如：美丽的村庄静静地睡了.“美丽的”为定语. 6.【状语】： 修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句,说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等.如：他在灯下看书.“在灯下”是状语. 小学语文基础知识点复习归纳总结 （一）关联词 1、关联词语的意义 能够把两个或者两个以上在意义上有密切联系的句子连接起来组成比较复杂的句子的词语，就是关联词语。恰当的使用关联词语，能使我们在说话或者协作时达到较好的表达效果。 2、常见的关联词语类型 并列关系——分句之间是并列的 既……又…… 那么……那么…… 一边……一边…… 有的……有的…… 不是……而是…… 递进关系——后一分句的意思比前一分句的意思更进一层。 不但……而且……
过去分词作定语和表语
M5 u1 Grammar Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Learning aims: Understand the usages of Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Important point: using Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Learning guidance: 阅读课本第5 页内容，自学《南方新课堂》，完成预习案 ［知识梳理］过去分词作定语和表语 1.过去分词概述：动词的过去分词也称为动词的ed形式，是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词只强调被动 和完成的意义。
【合作探究】专题训练 Ⅰ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1．The ____________ (steal)bike was ____________(find) by the police yesterday. 2．The student ____________(dress) in white is my daughter. 3．The novel ____________(write) by him is very popular with the students. 4．The electric wire is __________(break)． 5．He became ____________(discourage) at the failure of the exam. 6．He is an ____________ (honour) teacher and we all like to attend his class. 7．The ______________(pollute) river should be protected from pollution. 8．The building ____________(build) now is our classroom building. 9．When we heard of the news，we were deeply ____________(move)． 10．They were ____________(frighten) to hear the ____________(frighten) sound. Ⅱ.补全句子 1．一座桥把这个岛屿与大陆连接起来,这个岛屿很容易过去。 The island,________________________________________________________________, is easy to go to. 2．从烹饪锅中救出的珍稀鱼已经被放回到了海里。 The rare fish，___________________________________________，has been returned to the sea. 3．于1911年创立的清华大学培育出了很多杰出而优秀的人物。 Tsinghua University,_______________________________________________,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 4．预计从全国挑选出来的队员在今年夏天的比赛中会给我们带来荣誉。 The players_____________________________________________________ are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 5．在四月份，成千上万的度假者因为火山灰云而滞留在国外。 In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained ___________________________________ due to the volcanic ash cloud. 6．怀特太太给她的学生们看一些从图书馆里借来的旧地图。 Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______________________________________. 7．我打电话的目的是询问一下刊登在昨日的《中国日报》上的职位的问题。
动词-ing形式作表语定语,宾补及状语的用法
动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
过去分词作定语与表语
概念引入 今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。先看下面这些句子： 1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语) 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (terrified过去分词作定语) 3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. (interested 过去分词作表语) 4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. (affected过去分词作定语) 5. He was determined to find out why. （determined过去分词作表语） 6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. (polluted过去分词作定语) 上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。 用法讲解 过去分词的作用 英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为：不定式（to do）、动词-ing形式（doing）和过去分词（done）。 动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词：现在分词强调动作，如a sleeping boy中的sleeping强调“睡觉”这一动作，而且此动作正在进行，与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系（即sleeping的动作是boy做的），因此是现在分词作定语；而a sleeping bag中的sleeping强调功能，表示“用来睡觉的”，是动名词作定语。 过去分词多表示动作的被动和完成，但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被 动”意义。 本单元主要学习过去分词作表语和定语。 1. 与助动词一起构成谓语：
动词ing做宾补-表语-定语-状语及综合练习
高中英语语法 动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习 第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语 1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。 We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。 I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。 I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。 2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别 在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。 He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。 ) (She was getting on the car.) He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。 (She got on the car and drove off.) Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗 (Someone is knocking at the door.) Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗 (Someone knocked at the door just now.)
英语状语-表语-宾语-补语-定语地概念
第一部分 在英语中什么是主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、定语、补语、宾补的位置组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。He likes watch'ing TV.他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类： 1)，简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。 2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。 3、表语表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。My sis'ter is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。 4、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。 5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词，代
词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。 7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如： make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。 这是的“美丽的（beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing形式，数词等。 8.宾补就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的例： I know you are student good at maths 在这个句子中，good at maths 就是补语。 宾语补语也可以是句子，所以这个句子也可以是： I know you are student who is good at maths 还可以是-ing 形式 I see you crossing the street简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分. 因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰
动词ing做主语、宾语、定语、表语和宾补
动词ing 做主语、宾语 It took the workmen only two hours to finish _______ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired 2. Have you forgotten ___$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 3. The classroom wants _____. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 4. Jack said that he wouldn't mind __for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 5. My brother keeps ___ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 6. We should often practice ___ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 7. Keep on ____ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. trying D. trying 8. His parents insist on ___ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go 9. The story was so funny that we ___. A. couldn’t help laugh B. can’t bu t laugh C. couldn’t help laughing D. couldn’t help but to laugh 10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth ______. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it 11. He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied 12. We are both looking forward to __ next week. A. going on vocation(休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation 13. Y ou must pay attention to ___ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read 14. Y ou should work tonight instead of _____ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching 15. The microscope is used for__ minute (微小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine 16. Mike has got used ___ up late at night.(stay up) A. to sit B. X C. to sitting D. sitting 17. Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating 18. We are now busy _____ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared 19. I remembered ____ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see 20. I regret ____ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. /
必修4动词-ing形式作表语,定语,宾语补足语和状语
年级高一学科英语版本人教实验版 内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、 宾语补足语和状语 编稿老师林静 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语 二. 知识精讲 （一）动词的ing形式作表语 1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。 Her duty is taking care of the babies. 照看婴儿是她的职责。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐 2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换 The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋 The film we saw last night is quite moving. 我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。 （二）动词的ing形式作定语 1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。 a walking stick手杖reading room 阅览室washing machine洗衣机 2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修 饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被 修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。 Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running). 没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。
主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语
主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true. 10.There comes the bus. 11.Beyond the village lies a small village. 12.Now comes your turn. 考点1.表语 表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习2.画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours 3.The weather has turned cold. 4.The speech is exciting. 5.Three times seven is twenty-one. 6.His job is to teach English. 7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football. 8.The machine must be under repairs. 9.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 考点2.宾语 宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。 练习3.画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 1.They planted many trees yesterday. 2. (How many dictionaries do you have) I have five. 3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 4.I wanted to buy a car. 5.I enjoy listening to popular music. 6.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 考点3.宾语补足语 宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 练习4.用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。 1.His father named him Dongming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. 8.I want your homework done on time. 考点4.主补 对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 考点5.定语 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。 在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。定语后置常见的有以下几种情况： A.副词用作定语一般要后置。 People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们) He didn’t like the man downstairs. （楼下的那个人）B.形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。 单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。 The next man is a scientist. The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人）C.介词短语作定语时要后置。 The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩） The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩） D.现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后 置。 I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话)