高中定语从句语法精讲

The Relative Clause (定语从句)

一．定语的概念：用来修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

例如：1. Mr. Smith is a kind man.（形容词作定语）

2. Mr. Smith is a man loved by many people.（过去分词作后置定语）

3. Mr. Smith is a man who is kind. （从句作定语）

4. Mr. Smith is a man who is loved by many people. （从句作定语）

二．定语从句的概念：如果用来修饰名词或代词的成分是一句句子（如上述例句3,4），那么该句子就是定语从句，也就是说，定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的。

三．先行词的概念: 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.

四．定语从句的位置：大多数情况下，定语从句都紧跟在被修饰词后面。

五．定语从句的种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

六．限制性定语从句对先行词的修饰是限定性的，缺少了这种修饰，主句的意思就会模糊不清。

七．非限制性定语从句与先行词之间用逗号隔开，其对先行词的修饰只是补充性的，不是必须的，如果去掉非限制性定语从句，主句的意思仍然是通顺完整的。

八．定语从句的引导词有两类：关系代词和关系副词

关系代词

关系副词

九．关系代词用法：

1 指代被修饰词，引导定语从句，且在定语从句中充当主要成分（主语,宾语,表语）。

3. 若关系代词在从句中作宾语, 关系代词可以省略。

4. 若关系代词在从句中作介词宾语, 通常可以把介词前置(即放在关系代词前),但此时,指人的关系代词只能用WHOM, 指物的关系代词只能用WHICH, 且都不能省略.

5. 另外，我们也经常用以下结构来引导定语从句：

6. 关系代词WHOSE 可以用来表示所属格关系，它在从句中作定语。of which 仅可以表示物的

所属关系。

7. 以下情况关系代词只能用THAT:

(1) 当先行词被最高级, 序数词，the first ,the last修饰时, 关系代词应用THA T.

(2) 当先行词被限定词（the only, the same, the very, little, few, no, some，all, every, any）修

饰时, 关系代词应用THAT.

He is the very person that I want to see.

Professor Zhang is the only person that can speak five languages in our school.

Mr. Smith is the most interesting man that I have ever seen.

There is no difficulty that cannot be overcome.

That’s the same man that they asked for help the day before yesterday.

You can take any book that interests you best.

(3) 先行词本身是不定代词(如all, much, little, few, anything, nothing, everything, something等)

时,关系代词应用THAT.

There is nothing/little that I do for you.

All that can be done has been done.

Everything that he told me was not true.

(4) 当先行词是并列先行词（即既包括人又包括物）时, 关系代词应用THA T.

When they met again ten years later, they talked of persons and things that they remembered in the high school.

（5）当主句是以WHO或WHICH开头的特殊疑问句，定语从句的关系代词一般用THA T：Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

Which of us that knows something about physics doesn’t know this?

(6) 当先行词是WAY时，并且在从句中作状语时，可以用关系代词IN WHICH 或THAT 引

导定语从句，或者可以省略。

I don’t like the way (that)/(in which) he spoke to Miss Green.

（7）当表示人的先行词在从句中做表语时，关系代词用THAT

He isn’t the man that he used to be.

8. that 不能引导非限制性定语从句

9. 当先行词是He，anyone，those时，关系代词通常用who。

10. which 引导非限制性定语从句是，其指代关系比较灵活，可以指代主句中的一部分，也可以指代整个主句。

11. 定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持人称与数的一致:

例如: He, who is a student, studies very hard.

注意one of…和the only one of…短语结构其后的定语从句的谓语动词的形式:

例如: She is one of the few writers who mainly write for the children.

She is the only one of the few writers who mainly writes for the children.

十关系副词的作用: (1)引导定语从句(2)在定语从句中作状语,表示时间, 地点,原因等常用的关系副词有: when(表示时间), where(表示地点), why(表示原因)

This is the reason why he was late for the meeting.

I will never forget the days when we lived in the countryside.

This is the factory where Tom works.

十一. 用来引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词并不是疑问词,没有任何疑问语气.

十二：判断定语从句引导词的解题核心规则：

1.理解句子语境，区分主句和从句；划出主句的主语和谓语动词，用括号把从句括起来。判断

并划出出先行词。

2.分析从句成分，观察先行词在从句中从当什么成分：如果先行词本身能在从句中直接做主要

成分（主语，宾语或表语），则用相应的关系代词引导从句。如果先行词必须与一个适当的介词连用后，方能在从句中充当状语成分，则用介词+关系代词引导从句；介词+关系代词若表示时间，地点或原因，则可以转化为相应的关系副词。

十三除了以上提到的关系代词和关系副词外，AS也可以用作为关系代词，其用法如下:

1. as 用于限制性定语从句中，通常用于以下结构中，并且从句常采用省略形式.

the same….as.. 例如I have the same feeling as you had.

such….as Don’t talk about such things as you don’t understand.

as…as There are as many books in this library as in that one.

So…as…It is so interesting a book as we all like.

not as/so…as There isn’t so much noise in the country as in big cities.

More examples:

I bought the same bike as Jack bought/did.

Don’t read such books as is harmful to you.

Kathy bought as nice a dress as Mary bought/did.

There are not as/so many people in the street on weekdays as (there are) at weekends.

区分The same…as…This is the same book as I lost.

The same…that…This is the same book that I lost.

He is the same man that robbed me of my wallet the other day.

区分Such…that…: It is such an interesting book that we all like it.

Such…as…It is such an interesting book as we all like.

2.as引导非限制性定语从句时，通常用于一些固定短语中，且as通常解释为“正如”，

as sb. know as is known to sb. as sb believe as is believed

as sb expect as is expected as we can see as can be seen 例如: As is expected, all the students in our class have passed the exam.

As we know now, bats come out only at night.

As is known to us all, the Nile is the longest river in the world.

As is believed, sports help people keep young.

区分句型：As is known to all, the earth circles the sun.

It is known to all that the earth circles the sun.

注意比较：As 引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词（指代对象）一定是整个句子, 且从句通常放在主句前,也可放在主句后, 也可以以插入语的形式放在句子中间；WHICH也可以用于非限制性定语从句,它的先行词可以是整个主句,也可以是主句中的一部分, WHICH引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首，但可以放在主句后，或者以插入语形式放在句中: As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.

Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth, as we have seen.

Tom, as had been expected, won the game.

The Yellow River, which flows several provinces, is the second longest river in China.

His father bought him a watch, which made him very excited.

He lost the game, which disappointed his coach.

He bought a watch, which was made of gold.

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定语从句一学习目标 1.熟练掌握定语从句二考点解析 ⊙定从的功能—解释说明 This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂 ⊙定语从句定义：一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。 I bought a cow that looked like a horse. ⊙定语从句怎么考？语法 22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.（2016高考北京卷） A.whose B.why C.where D.which 完形 Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. （2016高考北京卷）阅读&写作 A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.（2016高考全国卷D篇） Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. （2016高考北京卷阅读A篇） ⊙定从原理：把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。

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高一英语定语从句讲解精华版 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】

定语从句一、基本概念：定语：定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当：关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当：先行词：定语从句中引关系词的作用：二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week

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(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.

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