英语音标及对应单词学习

一、字母

字母顺序表

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

字母的读音

二、语音

音素、音标的概念

（1）音素是记录英语语音的最小单位，英语共48个音素，20个元音，28个辅音。

（2）音标是记录音素的符号，现在我们用国际上通用的48个音标来记录英语语音。为了把音标与字母进行区分，常把音标放在[ ]或者/ /里。

音标的分类

记录英语音素的48个音标可分为元音和辅音两大类。

元音：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流在通过口腔时，不受阻碍发出的语音叫做元音。国际音标中有20个元音，里面包括12个单元音和8个双元音。

单元音：[i:] [i] [e] [?] [a:] [?] [?:] [?] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] 双元音：[ai] [ei] [i?] [?u] [u?] [au] [ε?] [?i]

辅音：辅音音标：分为清辅音和浊辅音，清辅音发音时声带不振动，浊辅音发音时声带振动。

清辅音：[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [ts] [h]

浊辅音：[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [m] [n] [?] [l] [r] [w] [j]

元音：

前元音：[i:] [i] [e] [?]

后元音：[ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u]

中元音：[?] [?:] [?]

双元音：[ai] [ei] [i?] [?u] [u?] [au] [ε?] [?i]

辅音：

爆破音：[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]

鼻音：[m] [n] [?]

摩擦音：[f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [e] [∫] [з] [r][h] 破擦音：[t∫] [dз] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz]

半元音：[w] [j]

舌边音：[l]

[i:]

eat [ i:t ] 吃tea [ ti: ]茶peach [ pi:t? ]桃

he [ hi:]他she [ ?i: ]她beef [ bi:f ] 牛肉

jeep [ d?i:p ]吉普车key [ ki: ] 钥匙meat [ mi:t ] 肉

cheap [ t?i:p ] 便宜的

[i]

fish [ fi?] 鱼gym [ d?im ] 健身房kid [ kid ] 小孩fifth [ fifθ ]第五sister [ 'sist? ] 姐妹this [ eis ] 这个

is [ iz]是six [ siks ] 六pig [ pig ]猪

slipper [ 'slip? ]拖鞋

[e]

desk [ desk ] 桌子pencil [ 'pens?l ]铅笔pen [ pen ] 钢笔

dress [ dres ] 连衣裙red [ red ] 红色的eleven [ i'lev?n ] 十一

bed [ bed ] 床bread [ bred] 面包egg [ eɡ]蛋

yes [ yes ] 是

[?]

bag [ [b?g] ]包fan [ f?n ] 风扇math [ m?θ ]数学

jacket [ 'd??kit ] 夹克衫rabbit [ 'r?bit ] 兔子apple [ '?pl ]苹果

can [ k?n] 可以cabbage ['k?bid?] 卷心菜

[?]

young [ j?? ]年轻人funny [ 'f?ni ]滑稽可笑的Monday['m?ndi ]星期一Sunday['s?ndi ] lunch [ l?nt? ]午餐under [ '?nd? ]在…下面sometimes [ 's?mtaimz ]有时

[?:]

curtain [ 'k?:t?n ]窗帘her [ h?:]她的skirt [ sk?:t ]裙子shirt [ ??:t ]衬衫girl [g?:l ] 女孩nurse [ n?:s ]护士thirty [ 'θ?:ti ]三十

[?]

today [ t?'dei ]今天mirror [ 'mir? ]镜子river [ 'riv? ]河，江summer [ 's?m? ]夏季winter [ 'wint? ] 冬季colour [ 'k?l? ]颜色computer [ k?m'pju:t? ]电脑kangaroo [ ,k?ng?'ru: ]袋鼠

后元音

[ɑ:]

grass [grɑ:s]草smart[smɑ:t]聪明park [ pɑ:k ] 公园

grandpa [ 'ɡr?ndpɑ: ]爷爷classroom [ 'klɑ:srum ]教室

farm [ fɑ:m ] 农田farmer [ 'fɑ:m? ]农夫

bathroom [ 'bɑ:θrum ]卫生间are [ ɑ:]是

[?:]

floor [ fl?: ] 地板tall [ t?:l ]高的short [ ??:t ] 不足for [f?:]为了salty [ 's?:lti ]咸的fall [ f?:l ]秋天walk [ w?:k ]走board [ b?:d ]木板wall [ w?:l ]墙[?]

closet [ 'kl?zit ]壁橱forest [ 'f?rist ]森林because [ bi'k?z ]因为mom [ m?m ]妈妈what [ hw?t]什么chopsticks [ 't??pstiks ]筷子dog [ [d?ɡ]狗doctor [ d?kt? ]医生sock [ s?k ]袜子[u:]

fruit [ fru:t ]水果noon [ nu:n ]中午kangaroo [ ,k?ng?'ru: ]袋鼠school [ sku:l ]学校blue [ blu: ]蓝色的cool [ ku:l ] 凉爽的shoe [ ?u: ] 鞋子room [ ru:m ]房间soup [ su:p ] 汤[u]

book [ buk ] 书look [ luk ]看wood [ wud ]树林classroom [ 'klɑ:srum ]教室notebook [ 'n?utbuk ]笔记本

bathroom [ 'bɑ:θrum ]卫生间bedroom [ 'bedru(:)m ] 卧室

双元音(一)

[ai]

kind [ kaind]和蔼的like [ laik ]喜欢why [ hwai ] 为什么quiet [ 'kwai?t ] 安静的Friday ['faidi ]星期五behind [ bi'haind ]在…后面July [dзu:lai]七月sometimes [ 's?mtaimz ] 有时fly [ flai ] 飞fight [ fait ] 打架

grape [greip ]葡萄lake [ leik ]湖泊eight [ eit ]八today [ t?'dei ]今天they [ eei]他们may [ mei ] 可以name [ neim ]名字play [ plei ]玩cake [ keik ]蛋糕snake [ sneik ]蛇

[i?]

here [ hi? ] 这里ear [ i? ]耳朵dear [ di? ]亲爱的near[ni?]近的really [ 'ri?li]真地

[?u]

old [ ?uld]老的tofu [ 't?ufu: ]豆腐potato [ p?'teit?u ]土豆tomato [ t?'mɑ:t?u]西红柿clothes [ kl?uez ]衣服road [ r?ud ]马路yellow [ 'jel?u ]黄色的cold [ k?uld ]寒冷的snowy [ 'sn?ui ]下雪的home [ h?um ] 家

双元音(二)

[u?]

sour [ 'sau? ] 酸的sure [ ?u?]当然可以flower['flau?] 花[au]

flower [ 'flau? ]花house [ haus]房子about [ ?'baut ]关于playground [ 'pleigraund ]操场now [ nau ]现在mouth [ mauθ ]嘴巴cloud [ klaud ]云wow [ wau ] 哇mountain [ 'mauntin ]山

there [ eε?]那里wear [ wε? ]穿着pair [ pε? ]一双yeah [ jε? ]是chair [ t?ε? ]椅子

[?i]

boy [ b?i ] 男孩toy [ t?i ]玩具

noise [ n?iz ]噪音enjoy [ in'd??i ]享受

爆破音

[p]

pencil [ 'pens?l铅笔pen [ pen ] 钢笔picture [ 'pikt?? ]照片pants [ p?nts ]裤子play [ plei ]玩pear [ pε? ]梨

pig [ pig]猪potato [ p?'teit?u ]土豆park [ pɑ:k ]公园please [ pli:z ]请

[b]

book [ buk ]书boy [ b?i ]男孩bed [ bed ]床beef [ bi:f ]牛肉bread [ bred ]面包brother [ 'br?e? ]兄弟board [ b?:d ]木板big [ big]大的banana [ b?'nɑ:n?]香蕉[t]

two [ tu: ]二ten [ ten ]十time [ taim ]时间today [ t?'dei ] 今天twelve [ twelv ]十二twenty [ 'twenti ]二十tofu [ 't?ufu: ] 豆腐tomato [ t?'mɑ:t?u]西红柿tasty [ 'teisti ]美味的

teacher [ 'ti:t?? ]老师tell [ tel ] 告诉

[d]

door [ d?: ]门desk [ desk ]桌子dog [ [d?ɡ]狗

do [du: ]做dinner [ 'din? ]晚餐doctor [ d?kt? ]医生duck [ d?k ]鸭子day [ dei ]一天food [ fu:d ]食物

[k]

kind [ kaind ]和蔼的kitchen [ 'kit?in ]厨房kangaroo [ ,k?ng?'ru: ]袋鼠climb [ klaim ]爬，攀登computer [ k?m'pju:t? ]电脑kid [ kid ]小孩clean [ kli:n ]清洁的come [ k?m ]来cousin [ 'k?z?n ]堂兄弟姐妹[g]

girl [g?:l ]女孩green [gri:n ]绿色grape [greip ]葡萄grass [grɑ:s]草garden [ 'gɑ:dn ]花园goat [g?ut ]山羊go [g?u ]走grandmother [ 'gr?nd,m?e? ]祖母

grandfather [ 'gr?nd,fɑ:e? ]祖父

鼻音

[m]

milk [ milk ]牛奶mother [ 'm?e? ]母亲me [ mi:]我may [ mei ]可以my[ mai ]我的mom [ m?m ]妈妈math [ m?θ ]数学mirror [ 'mir? ]镜子mutter [ 'm?t? ]羊肉[n]

nurse [ n?:s ]护士new [ nju:]新的name [ neim ]名字nine [ nain ]九now [ nau ]现在November[ n?u 'vemb?]十一月ninth[ nainθ ]第九next [ nekst ]下次near [ ni? ]近的[?]

strong [ str??, str?:? ]强壮long [ l??, l?:? ]长的

pink [ pi?k ]粉红色english [ 'i?gli? ]英语

evening [ 'i:vni? ]晚上

摩擦音（一）

[f]

friend [ frend ]朋友fish [ fi? ]鱼father [ 'fɑ:e? ]爸爸fan [ f?n ]风扇flow [ fl?u ]流动flower [ 'flau? ]花for [f?: ]为了four [ f?: ] 四five [ faiv ]五fresh [ fre? ] 新鲜

[v]

very [ 'veri ]很，非常twelve [ twelv ]十二vest [ vest ] 背心active [ '?ktiv ]积极的summer [ 's?m? ] 夏天five [ faiv ]五favourite [ 'feiv?rit ]最喜爱的evening [ 'i:vni? ]晚上

everyone [ 'evriw?n ] 每个人vegetable [ 'ved?it?bl ]蔬菜

[s]

student [ 'stju:d?nt]学生sorry [ 's?:ri]对不起six [ siks ]六strong [ str??, str?:? ]强壮seven [ 'sev?n ]七strict [ strikt ] 严格的

sky [ skai ]天空summer [ 's?m? ]夏季sleep [ sli:p ] 睡觉[z]

season [ 'si:z?n ]季节because [ bi'k?z ]因为woods[woodz]树林zebra [ 'zi:br? ]斑马zero [ 'zi?r?u]零please [ pli:z ]高兴

摩擦音（二）

[θ]

thin [ θin ]瘦的fifth [ fifθ ] 第五math [ m?θ ]数学path [ pɑ:θ, p?θ ]道路healthy [ 'helθi ]健康的ninth [ nainθ ]第九mouth [ mauθ ]嘴巴thirty [ 'θ?:ti ]三十

[e]

brother [ 'br?e? ]兄弟father [ 'fɑ:e? ]父亲mother [ 'm?e? ]母亲this [ eis]这个that [ e?t]那个

they [ eei]他们there [ eε? ]那里those [ e?uz ]那些[∫]

fish [ fi? ]鱼fresh [ fre? ] 新鲜的english [ 'i?gli? ]英语

short [ ??:t ]短的she [ ?i: ] 她washroom [ 'w??rum ]洗手间[з]Usually ['ju: зu?li]通常

[r]

ruler [ 'ru:l? ]尺子rice [ rais ]米饭run [ r?n ]跑really [ 'ri?li]真地 right [ rait ]正确的red [ red ]红的river [ 'riv? ]河，江road [ r?ud ]马路fresh [ fre? ]新鲜的[h]

her [ h?: ]她have [ h?v ]有help [ help ] 帮助hen [ hen ]母鸡hundred [ 'h?ndr?d ] 一百he [ hi:]他

house [ haus, hauz ] 房子honey [ 'h?ni ]蜂蜜home [ h?um ] 家

破擦音

[t∫]

lunch [ l?nt? ]午饭teacher [ 'ti:t?? ]老师chair [ t?ε? ]椅子chopsticks [ 't??pstiks ]筷子picture [ 'pikt?? ]照片

[dз]

jeep [ d?i:p ] 吉普车gym [ d?im ] 健身房jacket [ 'd??kit ]夹克vegetable [ 'ved?it?bl ]蔬菜cabbage ['k?bid?]卷心菜jump [ d??mp ]跳[tr]

strict [ strikt ]严格的strong [ str??, str?:? ]强壮tree [ tri: ] 树木[dr]

hundred [ 'h?ndr?d ] 一百draw [ dr?: ]画dress [ dres ]穿，连衣裙bedroom [ 'bedru(:)m ]卧室

[ts]

short [ ??:ts ]短的pants [ p?nts ] 短裤

[dz]

woods [ wudz ] 树林

半元音

[w]

window [ 'wind?u ]窗户wall [ w?:l ]墙weather [ 'wee? ]天气windy [ 'windi ] 有风的weekend [ ,wi:k'end]周末wait [ weit ]等候white [ hwait ]白的winter [ 'wint? ]冬季

[j]

yes [ yes ]是year [ j?:]一年yet [ jet ]但是your [ j?: ]你的，你们的you [ ju: ]你，你们young [ j?? ]年轻的 yesterday [ 'jest?ddei ]昨天

舌边音

[l]

ruler [ 'ru:l? ] 尺子milk [ milk ]牛奶light [ 'lait ]灯floor [ fl?: ] 地板shelf [ ?elf ] 书架plate [ pleit ]碟子library [ 'laibr?ri ]图书馆help [ help ] 帮助lunch [ l?nt? ]中饭