中考英语名词专项
名词
名词：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
1. 可数名词和不可数名词：【理解并能区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词】
英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词，一般有单数和复数形式两种形式。可数名词的单数变为复数的规则为：1）一般情况下，在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。
如：book－books；pen－pens；eraser－erasers
2）以字母x；s；ch；sh结尾的单词，其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。
如：bus－buses；box－boxes；watch－watches
3）以辅音字母＋ｙ结尾的可数名词，其复数形式是把字母ｙ变为i再加-es。如：baby－babies；country－countries；city－cities
注意：如果是以元音字母＋y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。
如：boy－boys；toy－toys
4）以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词，其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。如：wife－wives；leaf－leaves；knife－knives
5）以字母o结尾的可数名词，其复数形式一般加-s，或－es。
如：photo－photos，radio－radios，piano－pianos，tomato－tomatoes，potato －potatoes
6）一些特殊变化的复数形式。
如：man/woman－men/women；child－children；
foot－feet；tooth－teeth；mouse－mice
7）有些名词的单复数形式相同：
如：sheep，deer，Chinese，Japanese，yuan（元），jin （斤）
注意：
有些集体名词本身既表示单数意义又表示复数意义。当这些名词指代一个单位、机构或被看成一个整体时，作单数形式理解；如果表示这个群体的所有成员，通常被看作复数。
常用的这类词有：
class 班级；team 队（员）；family 家庭/人；government 政府；group 组（员）
The family is not large. 这个家庭不大。（指家庭这个整体）
The family are all music lovers. 这一家人都是音乐爱好者。（指家庭中的成员）Almost all families in this village have taken part in the program. （指多个家庭）在这个村庄几乎所有家庭都参加了这个节目。
2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法
1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。如：
The rich man has a lot of money．那个富人有很多钱。
There is some milk in the bottle．瓶子里有一些牛奶。
Is there any water in the glass？杯子里有一些水吗？
I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice．
我不喜欢冬天，因为有太多的冰和雪。
2）用a piece of, a cup of 这类定语修饰不可数数名词.。
a piece of paper ; a piece of wood; a piece of bread
a bottle of orange ; a glass of water（milk）; a cup of tea
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数。
two cups of tea; four pieces of paper; three glasses of water; three bags of rice
3. 名词所有格【熟练掌握所学名词所有格的用法】
名词所有格是中考的重点。名词所有格表示人或者事物的所有及所属关系，在句子中作定语。
1）表示人或者有生命的名词的所有格的形式，单数名词的后面加“’s”。
如：This is my father’s car. 这是我父亲的汽车。
2）表示集体、时间、距离、世界、国家等名词的所有格也可以用“’s”形式。如：Is there anything strange in today’s newspaper?
今天报纸上有什么特别的消息吗？
3）表示无生命的名词所有格要用of＋名词的形式，有时也用于有生命的名词。如：Look at the map of China, please. 请看这张中国地图。
I know the girl’s name/ the name of the girl. 我知道这个女孩的名字。
注意：
1）用连词and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共同所有关系时，只在最后一个名词的后面加“’s”，
如：This is Li Lei and Li Ping’s father. 这是李雷和李平的父亲。（两个人共同的父亲）
如果两个名词分别所有，则在两个名词的后面分别加“’s”，
如：These are Li Lei’s and Li ping’s books.
这些是李雷和李平的书。（两个人各自所有）
2）以s或es结尾的复数名词，其所有格只在字母s的后面加“’”；而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式仍然要加“’s”。
如：It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to my school.
从我家到学校步行大约十分钟。
Here is the Children’s Palace. 这里是少年宫。
3）双重所有格：
“of +名词的-’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用双重所有格。
例如：Tom is a friend of my father’s. 汤姆是我父亲的一位朋友。
I gave him two photos of mine. 我给了他我的两张照片。
【真题再现】
1. The _____ often eat grass on the hill. 【2012湖北随州】
A. chicken
B. horse
C. cow
D. sheep
2. The Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of ___________ from it. 【2012广西玉林】
A. thing
B. message
C. informations
D. information
3. —What is your favorite food? 【2012广西玉林】
—I like ______ best. I had a large bowl last night.
A. potato noodle
B. potatoes noodles
C. potato noodles
D. potatoes noodles
4. A friend of my _______ and I are going to visit _______ next week. 【2012蚌埠】
A. father; Browns
B. father’s; the Browns
C. father; the Browns.
D. father’s; Browns
5. This is ____________ computer. 【2012天水】
A. Ann’s and Tom
B. Ann and Tom’s
C. Ann and Tom
D. Ann’s and Tom’s
6. －Where does your uncle work, Jack? 【2012温州】
－In a ________ in Paris. He is a policeman.
A. TV station
B. book store
C. post office
D. police station
7. I like _________ best of all the vegetables. 【2012黔西南】
A. potatoes
B. tomato
C. bread
D. rice
【巩固练习】
I. 单项选择。
1. Mr. Black gave us ____ on how to learn English well.
A. an advice
B. many advices
C. some advice
D. some advices
2. You can get much ______ about the World Expo on the Internet.
A. map
B. picture
C. ticket
D. information
3. I saw many _________ eating grass on the hill.
A. horse
B. cow
C. rabbit
D. sheep
4. I don’t think looking after children is just work.
A. woman
B. woman’s
C. women
D. women’s
5. The hospital is a bit far from here. It’s about _______.
A. forty minutes walk
B. forty minute’s walk
C. forty minutes’ walks
D. forty minutes’ walk
6. There are a lot of ______ planting trees on the hill.
A. boy
B. people
C. girl
D. student
7. There is some _______ on the plate.
A. cakes
B. meat
C. potato
D. pears
8. The______ has two _______ .
A. boys; watches
B. boy; watch
C. boy; watches
D. boys; watch
9. —They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?
—Certainly.
A. some bottles of waters
B. some bottles of water
C. some bottle of water
D. some bottle of waters
10. There are a lot of yellow _____ on the tree when autumn comes.
A. leafs
B. leaves
C. apple
D. banana
11. There are about one hundred teachers in our school. Two thirds of them are
_______.
A. women teachers
B. woman teachers
C. women teacher
D. woman teacher
II. 用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。
1. Please take some ________ (medicine) and stay in bed for two days.
2. The baby has already had four ______ (tooth) when she was seven months old.
3. Could you help me to clean the fallen _______ (leaf) on the ground?
4. We need a lot of ______ (dictionary) in our class. Could you buy some for us?
5. There is a lot of ______ (salt) in my soup. It is too salty to drink.
6.－Whose car is this?
－I think it must be your ________ (father).
7. I hear the yellow car is ________ (Dave and Jane).Is it right?
8. Our teacher is very angry with your brother because he made many ________ (mistake) in his homework.