最新21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册单词

amid

prep.in the middle of, among 在…之中

* disastrous

a. extremely bad; terrible 灾难性的，糟透的

lord

n. (in Britain) title of some officials of very high rank（英）大臣；大人，阁下

admiralty

n. (the A～)(in Britain) government department in charge of the navy （英）海军部campaign

n. 1. a series of planned military actions 战役

2. a planned series of activities, esp. in politics and business 运动

bloody

a. 1. very violent, with a lot of wounding and killing 血腥的

2. covered with blood 血污的

mission

n. 1. (usu. military) duty or purpose for which people are sent somewhere ［常指军事］任务2. 天职，使命

privately

ad. 1. not publicly 非公开地

2. personally; secretly 在涉及私（个）人方面；秘密地

private

a. 1. personal; secret 私（个）人的；秘密的

2. not public 非公开的

disaster

n. (a)sudden great misfortune 灾难，天灾；祸患

* grief

n. a feeling of extreme sadness 悲哀

* grieve

v. suffer from grief or great sadness （为…而）悲伤；伤心

retreat

n. 1. a place into which one can go for peace and safety 隐居处

2. 撤退；避难

vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity 撤退；退避

muse, Muse

n. 1. (in Greek mythology) one of the nine goddesses of poetry, music, etc. 缪斯（希腊神话中司文艺的九位女神之一）

2. a force or person that inspires sb. to write, paint, etc. 创作灵感

rescue

n. help which gets sb. out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation 救助；救援

vt. 救助；救援

sister-in-law

n. sister of one's husband or wife 姑子；姨子；嫂子；弟媳

sketch

v. make a quick, rough drawing (of sth.) 素描，速写

n. 素描，速写

watercolo(u)r

n. 水彩（颜料）；水彩画

magic

n. 魔法，法术

a. 有魔力的

* distract

vt. (from) take (one's mind, sb.) off sth. 转移（注意力）; 使转移注意力

* canvas

n. 1. a piece of strong heavy cloth used for an oil painting 帆布画布

2. a completed oil painting 油画

* contemplate

vt. look at in a serious or quiet way, often for some time （默默地）注视，凝视

blank

a. 1. without writing, print or other marks 空白的

2. expressionless；without understanding 无表情的；茫然的

unaccustomed

a. not used (to sth.); not usual （对某物）不习惯的；不寻常的

accustomed

a. regular; usual 惯常的，通常的

hesitantly

ad. not doing sth. quickly or immediately for one's uncertainty or worry about it 犹豫不决地infinite

a. extremely great in degree or amount; without limits or end 无限的；极大的

precaution

n. 1. carefulness 防备，预防

2. an action taken to avoid sth. dangerous or unpleasant 预防措施

bean

n. 豆；蚕豆

motorcar

n. a car 汽车

alarm

vt. excite with sudden fear or anxiety 使惊恐；使忧虑

n. 1. a sudden feeling of fear or anxiety 惊恐；忧虑

2. a warning of danger 警报

plunge

vi. (into, in) 1. rush suddenly and deeply into sth. 投身于

2. suddenly fall in a particular direction 纵身投入；一头扎入

fierce

a. 1. angry, violent and cruel 暴怒的；凶猛的；残酷的

2. (of heat, strong feelings) very great 强烈的

* slash

n. a long sweeping cut or blow 砍；挥击

vt. cut with long sweeping forceful strokes；move or force with this kind of cutting movement 砍，

absolutely

ad. completely；without conditions 完全地；绝对地

* terrify

vt. fill with terror or fear 恐吓，使惊吓

* wretched

a. very unhappy or unfortunate 不幸的；可怜的

victim

n. sb. or sth. hurt or killed as a result of other people's actions, or of illness, bad luck, etc. 牺牲者，受害者；牺牲品

* fury

n. 1. a wildly excited state (of feeling or activity) 狂热；激烈

2. (a state of) very great anger 狂怒

artistic

a. 1. of. concerning art or artists 艺术的；艺术家的

2. made with inventive skill or imagination 富有艺术性的

companion

n. mate; one who associates with or accompanies another 同伴；伴侣

beloved

a. much loved; darling 深爱的；亲爱的

overcome

vt. 1. (often pass.) (by, with) (of feelings) take control and influence one's behavior ［常被动］（感情等）压倒，使受不了

2. win a victory over; defeat 克服；战胜

* refuge

n. (a place that provides) protection or shelter from harm, danger or unhappiness 避难（所）；庇护（所）

alas

int. a cry expressing grief, sorrow or fear 唉（表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等）

* revive

v. 1. regain strength, consciousness, life, etc.；bring (sb. or sth.) back to strength, consciousness, life, etc. （使）复苏；（使）重振活力

2. become active, popular, or successful again 恢复生机；复兴；重新流行

glow

n. a feeling of warmth or pleasure 热烈

vi. emit a soft light 发光

amateur

a. & n. (a person who is) not professional 业余（水平）的（运动员、艺术家等）

entry

n. 1. a person or thing taking part in a competition, race, etc. 参赛一员

2. entrance; the act of entering or the right to enter 进入；进入权

* anonymous

a. (of a person) with name unknown；(of a letter, painting, etc.) written or created by an unidentified person 名字不详的；匿名的

vt. make or declare unfit, unsuitable, or unable to do sth. 取消…的资格；使不适合；使不能rely

vi. (on, upon) 1. have trust or confidence (in) 信任；信赖

2. depend with full trust or confidence 依赖

* historian

n. a person who studies history and/or writes about it 历史学家

* barren

a. (of land) unproductive （土地等）贫瘠的，荒芜的

awaken

vt. 1. (to) cause to become conscious of 使意识到

2. cause to wake up 唤醒

* menace

n. a threat or danger 威胁

abundant

a. plentiful; more than enough 丰富的；充足的

abundance

n. a great quantity; plenty 丰富；充裕；大量

odd

a. 1. (infml.) (after numbers) a little more than the stated number ［常用以构成复合词］…以上的；…出头的

2. strange or unusual 奇特的；古怪的

3. 奇数的，单数的

existence

n. the state of existing 存在；实有

* pastime

n. hobby；sth. done to pass time in a pleasant way 消遣，娱乐

Phrases and Expressions

pay the price

experience sth. unpleasant because one has done sth. wrong, made a mistake, etc. 付出代价come to sb.'s rescue

help sb. when he/she is in danger or difficulty 解救某人，救助某人

chance upon

meet by chance; find by chance 偶然碰见；偶然发现

try one's hand

attempt (to do sth.), esp. for the first time 尝试

plunge into

begin to do sth. suddenly; enter without hesitation 突然或仓促地开始某事；突然冲入

before one knows it

before one has time to consider the course of events 转眼之间，瞬息之间

fall upon

attack fiercely 猛攻，猛扑

take refuge

seek protection from danger or unhappiness 避难

trust, or confidently depend on 依赖，依靠

fall from office

lose a position of authority to which sb. was elected or appointed 离位，下台

awaken to

cause to become conscious of 使意识到

bear fruit

produce successful results 结果实；有成果

date from

have existed since 始自

keep sb. company

stay with sb. so that he/she is not alone 陪伴某人

第二单元

excel

v. (at) be the beat or better others (at sth.) 胜过他人

savings

n. money saved, esp. in a bank 积蓄；存款

heartbreaking

a. which causes great sorrow 令人悲痛的，令人心碎的

costly

a. expensive, costing a lot of money 代价高昂的；昂贵的

sacrifice

n. loss or giving up of sth. of value, esp. for what is believed to be a good purpose 牺牲

vt. 牺牲

risk

n. (of) a danger；sth. that might have undesirable results 危险；风险

vt. place in a dangerous situation 使遭受危险；冒…的风险

cope

vi. (with) deal successfully (with a difficult situation) （妥善地）应付或处理

succession

n. a series or the act of following one after the other （前后相接的）一系列，一连串；连续successive

a. following each other closely 接连的，连续的，相继的

*foster

a. 收养孩子的；寄养的

vt. 收养；照料

scholarship

n. 1. 奖学金

2. 学识；学术成就

owe

vt. (to) 1. have sth. (usually sth. good) because of 把…归功于

2. have to pay, for sth. already done or given 欠

owing

a. (to) still to be paid 未付的，欠着的

vt. (often pass.) 1. provide (sb.) with a (strong) need, purpose or reason for doing sth. [常被动] 激发…的积极性

2. 使有动机

*surge

vi. move, esp. forward, in or like powerful waves （如浪潮般）汹涌；奔腾

n. （感情等的）洋溢或奔放

constitute

vt. 1. form or make up 形成；构成

2. formally establish or appoint 组建；选派

constitution

n. 1. the act of establishing, making, or setting up；constituting 制定；设立；组成

2. (often cap.) [常大写] 宪法；法规；章程

*constitutional

a. allowed or limited by a political constitution 宪法规定的；合乎宪法的

grind

n. (AmE, often derog.) a student who is always working （美）［常贬义］用功的学生，书呆子vt. 磨；磨碎

*stereotype

n. a fixed pattern which is believed to represent a type of person or event 固定形式，老套misplace

vt. 1. lose (sth.),usu. for only a limited time （暂时）丢弃

2. put in an unsuitable or wrong place 把…放错地方

refugee

n. sb. who has been forced to leave their country for political reason or during a war 难民；流亡者

*resent

vt. feel anger and dislike about sth. 对…表示愤恨

label

vt. 1. describe as belonging to a particular kind or class 把…称为；把…列为

2. 加标签于；用标签标明

n. 标签

minority

n. 1. a small part of a population which is different from others in race, religion, etc. 少数民族；少数派

2. the small number or part；less than half 少数

minor

a. 较少的，较小的

*discrimination

n. 1. the practice of unfairly treating sb. or sth. 区别对待；歧视

2. the ability to recognize the difference between two things 识别力；辨别力

reverse discrimination

the making of distinctions in favour of groups considered disadvantaged or underprivileged 逆向歧视，反其道而行之的歧视

*discriminate

v. 1. (against, in favor of) unfairly treat one person or group worse or better than others 有差别地对待

2. see or make a difference between things or people 区别，辨别，区分

contrast

n. (to, with) a strong difference between two people, objects or situations 对比；对照

v. examine (two things) in order to find or show differences 对比；对照

exclude

vt. keep out from a place or an activity 阻止…进入；把…排斥在外

exclusion

n. the act of excluding or fact of being excluded 拒绝；排斥

exclusive

a. (of) not taking into account；without；excluding 不算；不包括；把…排斥在外exclusively

ad. only；and nothing/no one else 排斥其他地；专有地；单独地

immigrant

n. a person who has come to live in a country from abroad 移民；侨民

prejudice

n. unfair and usually unfavorable feeling or opinion about a group—e.g.a nationality or race 歧视；偏见；成见

series

n. 1. (of) a set or group of things of the same kind or related in some way, coming one after another or in order 系列；连接

2. 丛书；广播（或电视）系列节目

fascinating

a. having great attraction or charm 吸引人的；迷人的

*fascinate

vt. (with) charm powerfully；be very interesting to 强烈地吸引；迷住

disturbing

a. causing worry or fright 令人不安的；令人烦恼的

disturb

vt. 1. break the peace or order of 扰乱；打扰

2. cause to become anxious or upset 使心神不安；使烦恼

*disturbance

n. 1. an act of disturbing or the state of being disturbed 打扰；扰乱

2. sth. that disturbs 造成干扰的事物

kindergarten

n. a school or class for young children, usu. between the ages of four and six 幼儿园

*counterpart

n. a person or thing that has the same purpose or does the same job as another in a different system 对应的人（或物）；对手（方)

battery

n. 1. (of) a set or number of things of the same kind occurring in rapid succession 一组；一系列2. 电池（组）