人教版高中英语选修7Unit3知识点详解教学内容

Part 1. Warming up

Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending

1.I thought ，at the time，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many time.我当时认为这只是个故事，但是后来我却多次亲眼目睹了这样的事情。witness vt. 目睹；目击；为??作证

句型witness to (doing/having done) sth. 证明某事；证实做了某事

Police are appealing to any driver who may have witnessed the accident. 警方正呼吁曾目睹这事故的司机出面作证。

The 1980s witnessed increasing unemployment throughout Europe.20 世纪80 年代是全欧洲失业日益加剧的年代。

Her principal was called to witness to her good character. 她的校长被传唤来证明她优良的品质。The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building. 司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋建筑物。

n. 证据；目击者

He has been a witness to a terrible murder. 他目击了一起残忍的凶杀事件。

His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment. 他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。2.One afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.

归纳总结

accommodation n. 住处；停留处；和解，调解；(pl.)住宿，膳宿

(1)make accommodations for... 为??提供膳宿book accommodation at a hotel 向旅馆预订房间arrange sb.' s accommodation 给某人安排住处

(2)accommodate vt. 向??提供住宿(或膳宿)；容纳；为??提供空间；考虑到；顾及；帮忙；给??提供方便；顺应，适应(新情况)

accommodate...to=adapt...to 使??适应accommodate oneself to=adapt (oneself) to 适应；顺应accommodate sb.with sth.=supply sb.with sth. 给某人提供??即学即用

(1)客座艺术家们只好自掏腰包支付食宿费用。

Guest artists have to pay for their own accommodations and meals.

( 2)旅馆房间不足。The hotel accommodation is scarce.

( 3)这幢房子可容纳两家人居住。The house can accommodate two families

(4) 银行将提供一笔贷款给你。The bank will accommodate you with a loan.

(5) 你必须使自己适应形势。You will have to accommodate yourself to the situation.

3.We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.

搭配opposite to 在???的对面；与??相反

I sat opposite to him during the meal. 吃饭的时候我坐在他的对面。

The result was opposite to what we expected. 结果与我们所预料的正好相反。see...doing... 看见??正在做??；throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again 在句中作宾语补足语，与宾语an enormous animal 存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式。

I saw the little child crossing the street. 我看见那个小孩儿在过马路。

(1)在感官动词see, hear, look at, notice, observe, feel, find 等及使役动词have, make, leave, keep, get等后既可以用不定式也可以用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。不定式(不带to)表示过程或动

词完成， v.-ing 形式强调进行或当时情景。

（2）另外在感官动词 see, hear, feel 等及使役动词 make, get, have, keep 等后也可用动词 -ed 形式 作宾语补足语，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。

The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那个老板让工人整夜地工作。 I have never heard him spoken ill of. 我从未听说过有人说他的坏话。

I have my hair cut once a month. 我每月理一次发。

4. “Come on, Clancy. To the boat George ” sa, id as he ran ahead of me.

come on （祈使句，表示劝说，激励，不耐烦，催促）来吧，赶快，得了吧

与 come 相关的短语：

发生 偶然遇见 出版 经历...仍活着 ,安然渡过 总计 被提出；长出地面 提出

come about , come through, come out , come up, come to , come across

1) _____________ The cost of the journey 3000 yuan. 2) ______________ How did the accident ?

3) When will the book _____________ ?

4) I _________________ my teacher in the street yesterday .

5) The seeds haven ' t ___________________ yet .

6) The old man ______________ the World War I.

comes to come about come out came across come up came through

5. This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. 这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就 要开始的号角。

be about to do 表示打算或即将发生的动作，但它不与表示将来时间的副词或其他具体 将来时间状语连用。但可以与 when 连用，构成固定句型。

6. Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.

drag vt. 拖；拉 vi. 拖曳；吸

drag away 用力拖，拉

drag out/on （ 使）持续过久，拖延

drag sb. down 使身体垮掉；使情绪低落

Her dress dragged on the floor. 她的裙子在地板上拖曳着。

Angry protesters were dragged away by the police. 愤怒的抗议者被警察拖走了。

They dragged out the meeting with long speeches. 他们的发言长篇大论，使会议拖了很长时间。

7. “In the meantime,Old Tom,and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue, ” ...在 这段时间里，老汤姆和其他虎鲸会饱餐一顿的，鲸唇和鲸舌就是它们的美食?? in the meantime 意为“在??期间，同时”，其同义词是 meanwhile 。

for the meantime 目前，眼下

8. “ Man overboard! Turn the boat around! ” urged George, shouting loudly. 归纳总结 urge vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策。

come about

come across

come out

come through

come to come up come up with

(1) urge sth./sb.on 催促某物 / 某人前进 urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事 urge sb.into doing sth. 催促某人做某事

(2) urge that...极力主张，强调，从句谓语形式为 (should)+ 动词原形

It is urged that... 坚决要求??，从句谓语形式为( should ) +动词原形 即学即用 He argued all the students to take part in this activity.

I urgued that he (should) do his best. It was urgued that he should be punished . 9. The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. 那天海面上风大浪高，很难 操纵船只。 be+adj.+to do 在“主语 + 系动词 +形容词 + 不定式”结构中，不定式与主语在意义上是动 宾关系， 但要用主动形式表被动意义； 如果不定式的动词是不及物的， 要在不定式后边加介 词。用于这种句式中的形容词常为： easy, difficult, heavy, hard, nice, bitter, dangerous, interesting, important, comfortable, pleasant, impossible 等。

此句型中还可用 it 作 形式主语，常构成以下结构： It ' s+adj.+for sb.to do sth. 对某人来说做 某事?? It ' s+adj.+of sb.to do sth. 某人如此??而做某事

10. From James ' s face,I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. 归纳总结

abandon vt.遗弃 ,放弃； n. 放任，放纵。 abandon oneself to...纵情；沉溺于?? abandon doing sth.放弃做某事 with abandon 放纵地，放任地 abandoned adj.无约束的；无度的；放荡的 【巧学助记】

The child was abandoned by his parents. Eventually the abandoned boy was found wandering in the street ，abandoning himself to despair. 那个孩子被他的父母遗弃了， 后来有人发现那个被抛 弃的孩子在大街上游荡，他已陷入了绝望。

11.It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom.

归纳总结

(1) 在 It takes (sb.) some time/sth.to do sth.

句型中， take 意为“ 花费，需要”， take 前也可用具体名词作主语。

It takes/took/will take sb.some time to do sth.是一固定句型。也可用于 It takes/took/will take sb.some money to do sth.。

(2) it 作形式主语时，还可构成以下句型： 强调句型： It is+ 被强调部分 +who/that... It is the first/second time that... 某人第几次做某事

It is (high) time that sb.did/should do sth. 是某人该做??的时候了

It 's said/reported/thought that...据说/报道 /认为??

It ' s a pity/a shame/a wonder that...可惜 /奇怪的是??

It happens/appears/seems that...恰巧 / 好像??

It seems/looks as if... 看起来好像??

It ' s up to sb.to do sth ....... 该某人做某事

hold up ①举起；抬起 ②承受住；支撑 ③维持；保持良好 ④阻挡；使停顿；耽误 The

pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question. 那个学生举手要问老师一个问题。 The chair was too weak to hold him up. 那把椅子承受不住他的重量。 I hope the fine weather will hold up. 我希望这么好的天气会持续下去。

提示 hold up 作“阻挡，使停顿，耽误”解时，常用被动语态。

We were held up for five minutes in a traffic jam. 我们赶上了交通阻塞，被耽误了 5 分钟。 hold 相关短语 hold down 压制，抑制；缩减；垂下

The rate of inflation must be held down. 通货膨胀率必须控制在低水平上。

1)他要求所有学生参加这次活动。

2)我强调他要尽自己最大的努

力。

Hold it down, will you? I 'm trying to sleep! 小点声行吗？我要睡觉。

hold back 踌躇；阻止，抑制（感情等）；隐瞒

She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news. 她踌躇着，不知如何说出这一可怕的消息。

She just managed to hold back her anger.她勉强压住了自己的怒火。

hold on 等着，停住；坚持住；不挂断；抓住??不放

Hold on, this isn 't the right road. 等一下！这条路不对。

They managed to hold on until help arrived. 他们坚持到救援来。

Hold on and don 't let go until I say so. 握紧，等我让你松手时再松开。

hold out 伸出；提供，维持；阻止，制止

They all held out their hands to welcome me.

Such a situation held out for another half a month.

up 相关短语

keep up 继续，坚持

take up 开始从事于，占据，拿起

bring up 抚养，培养

make up 组成，编造，化妆

pick up 拾起，学会，得到，（用车）去接，搭载

put up 搭建起，张贴，投宿

set up 建立，建造

show up 露面，出席

throw up 呕吐

turn up 出现，出席，调高（音量）

12. What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out?

归纳总结

help out 意为：帮助??摆脱困境或危难。

help sb.（to） do sth. 帮某人做某事

help （to） do sth. 帮忙做某事

cannot help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

cannot help but do sth. 不能不/不得不做某事

help oneself （to sth.）自用；自取所需（食物等）

help sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事

with the help of... 在??帮助下=with one 's help

13.It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner... 看起来好像每个角落里都有惊喜在等着我??

It seemed...意为“看来”，其中seem 为动词，意为“看起来像??，似乎??，好像??”。

Part 3. Learning about Language

Part 4. Using Language

1.I' m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day. 归纳总结

reflect vt. 映射；反射；vi. & vt. 思考

(1)reflect sb./sth.in sth. (指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像

reflect sth.from sth. 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)

reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事

(2)reflection n. 反射，反照，反映；映像

be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中

即学即用(1)她坐着，在思考自从他买下这个农场以来发生了多少变化。

She sat reflecting on how much it had changed since he ' d bought the farm. (2)这种材料吸音，而不产生回音。This material absorbs the sound, and doesn' t reflect it.

(3)这一事件给相关人士都造成了恶劣影响。This incident reflects badly on everyone involved.

2.The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colors surrounding me—purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.

归纳总结

be/become aware of 意为：对??知道，明白；意识到??。

(1)be aware that 知道；体会到??

as far as I' m aware 据我所知

(2)develop an awareness of...逐渐懂得??

lack of awareness 缺乏认识

即学即用 (1)大多数人知道酒后开车的危险。

Most people are aware of the dangers of driving after drinking. (2)我想你还不知道这对我有多重要。

I don' t think you 're aware of how important this means to me.

(3)她发觉东西被偷了。

She became aware that something had been stolen.

3.The fish didn 't seem to mind me swimming among them. 我在这些鱼中间游泳，它们似乎并不介意。

Do/Would you mind if ?..?

Do you mind doing ?.? .... 你介意吗？

不介意：Of course not. Certainly not. No, not at all. No, go ahead.

介意:I'm sorry, but I do. I'm sorry, you'd better not.

Never mind 多用来宽慰对方或用作针对歉意的答语，意思是“没关系，别介意”。mind 后接动名词有无逻辑主语意思不同。

Do you mind opening the car door for the old lady?

Do you mind my/me opening the car door for the old lady?

4 ... a large wise-looking turtle was passing so close to me that I could have touched it. 一只长相聪慧的大海龟紧贴着我的身旁游过，几乎伸手便可触及。

could have done sth. 意为“本来能做某事(却没做) ”

I could have lent you the money.Why didn sk m'e?t 我yo本u 来a 可以把钱借给你的，你为什

么没有向我借呢？拓展could have done 与might have done 也可表示推测语气，意为“可能做了某事”，could 多用于否定句或疑问句中。

She couldn ' t/can ' t have been to L，onfodro nshe knows nothing about it. 她不可能去过伦敦，因为她对伦敦一无所知。

He might/may have gone to sleep ，for the light is turned off. 他可能已睡觉了，因为灯已熄灭。

5.There were other creatures that I didn ' t want to get too close to —an eel with its strong sharp teeth，with only its head showing from a hole ，watching for a tasty fish (or my tasty toe ！) “ with 复合

结构”表示动作或伴随情况，在句中一般作定语或状语。它的构成形式为with ＋名词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式/介词短语。

(1)with ＋n.＋介词短语

The teacher entered the classroom with a thick dictionary in his hand/under his arm. 老师进了教室，手里拿着一本厚词典/ 胳膊底下夹着一本厚词典。

(2)with ＋n.＋adj .

I like sleeping with all the windows open. 我喜欢开着窗子睡觉。

(3)with ＋n.＋to do sth.

With all the clothes to wash ，I will be very busy today.

(4)with ＋n.＋doing sth.

With the boy leading the way ，they had no difficulty in finding the house. 有那个男孩

领路，他们很容易就找到了那栋房子。

(5)with ＋n.＋done

With his homework finished ，the boy went out to play. 做完作业后，那男孩出去玩

了。

(6)with ＋n.＋adv.

With her mother away ，the little girl left lonely. 由于妈妈离开了，小女孩感到孤

独。

6..I told myself they weren 't dangerous but that didn 't stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment! 归纳总结

(be) scared to death 吓死了be scared of sb./(doing)sth.害怕某人/恐惧(干)某事scare sb. into doing sth.恐吓/威胁某人做某事be scared to do sth.不敢干某事scare...away/off 把??吓跑scared adj.担惊受怕的scare vt. 恐吓；vi. 受惊吓。

即学即用

(1) 那声音把我吓坏了。That noise scared me.

(2) 他动不动就害怕。He scared easily.

(3)他们点起火来把狼吓跑。They lighted a fire to the scare off wolves.

(4)有些父母试图用吓唬的法子使孩子守规矩。

Some parents try to scare their children into behaving well

7.The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended ，there_was_a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor. 海水是浅的，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头,就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海

底。

where...，there be...，意为“在??的地方，有??”，where 引导地点状语从句。

①You'd better leave the medicine where kids can '你t 最ge好t i把t. 药放到孩子够不到的地方。

②Where there is a will ，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

③As far as I ' m concer，neydou are free to go wherever you like. 就我个人而言，你愿意去哪里就去哪里．

本单元语法

V-ing 的用法：

1.作主语

Swimming is good for health.

Raising (raise) your hat to a lady is good manners . 对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。

Being killed (kill) by sharks in the sea is a common thing .

2.作表语

Teaching is learning. 教学相长．

My hobby is making (make) model planes.

What worried the child most was not being allowed (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital . 注意：

1)动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：

Playing with fire is dangerous. (泛指玩火)

To play with fire will be dangerous. (指一具体动作)

2). V-ing 形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语

是V-ing 形式时，表语也用V-ing 形式。

To see is to believe.= Seeing is believing.

3). It ' s no use (good) doing sth

It ' s a waste of time doing sth

it 作形式主语, 只用V-ing, 不用不定式。

※It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sth

It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。

It is a waste of time talking (talk) to him .

It is important for me to learn (learn) English .

3.作宾语

V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。

We would appreciate hearing from you ．我们会珍惜你的来信。

The bird escaped being caught (catch) .

I feel like joining (join) the army.

He was afraid of being abandoned (abandon) by us.

注意：