高中英语新课标词汇和短语讲解与最新考纲对照ABC565

高中英语新课标词汇和短语讲解与最新考纲对照

总表

注:标注“#”符号为非考纲词汇。

一、基本词汇

A

a (an) art. 一(个,件…)

?表示一个:She has a clever son.

?表示每个:we have 3 English classes a week.

?表示某个:The book is /was written by a student.

?表示某类之一:I am a teacher. He is a doctor.

?第一次提到的人或物用不定冠词表示,再次提到时用定冠词:I have a bike;the bike is green.

?用于可数名词单数形式前,表示类别:

A teacher must love his student.

?用于表示价格,速度,比率,时间等意义的名词前:

3 times a day; 10 yuan a meter.

?用于抽象名词前,表示一种:a new culture

?用于句型:“a∕an +Mr. ∕Mrs./ Miss.+姓氏”中:

a Mr. Wang

?用于某些短语中:a lot of ; have a good time abandon: abandon oneself to沉缅于, 陷入

vt.放弃(=desert)遗弃,丢弃,放肆, 放纵;沉湎于:

abandon one's idea放弃自己的想法

He abandoned his wife and child.

他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。

They abandon themselves to drinking.他们沉湎于饮酒。Do not abandon yourself to despair.不要悲观失望。

n.放肆; 放纵; 尽情; 任意

The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.那些女孩子跳上跳下尽情地挥舞着手臂。abandoner n.放弃者;【律】遗弃者

abandon , desert , forsake 这三个动词的含义是“丢弃”。abandon 的确切含义是失去控制,或丧失了占有的能力,或“放弃”某物而不准备再要了。

abandoning bad habits

desert 的确切含义是“过去占有过”或“过去是伙伴”。狭义地讲,这个词指“抛弃自己的义务”。

a deserted village空无一人的村庄

a deserted street at night夜里无人的大街

the deserted wife and children被遗弃的妻子儿女forsake 通常表示与某人或某物脱离联系。

to forsake one's former belief放弃过去的信仰

to forsake one's old friend背离老朋友He was forsaken smoking for years.他戒烟已有多年了。

3.ability n. 能力;才能-ties能力;本领;才能

We found him work more suited to his abilities.

我们为他找到了更容易发挥他才能的工作。

to the best of one's ability竭尽全力

disability n.无力, 无能, 残疾

inability n. 无能, 无力

4.able a. 能够;有能力的

be able to do

近义词be capable of doing

I'm quite capable of taking care of myself.

我完全有能力照顾自己。

# abnormal a. 反常的,变态的

an abnormal phenomenon反常现象家

unnatural adj.不自然的;异常的;不合自然规律的

5. aboard prep. 上(船,飞机,火车,汽车等)

1)go aboard.上船[飞机,车]=go aboard the plane;

2)All aboard!;请上船[飞机,车]

6.abolish vt.废除,革除,消灭

Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States. There are many bad customs and laws that ought to be abolished. 许多不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。

They petitioned the government to abolish hanging.

他们向政府请愿,要求废除绞刑。

The legislature passed a law to abolish the surtax.

立法机关通过了一项废除附加税的法令。

The weapons of war must be abolished before they abolish us.

在作战武器消灭我们以前,我们应先把它消灭。

7.about ad.大约;到处;prep.关于;在各处;四处;

be about to do sth. when正要做某事突然…

8.above adj.上面的, 上述的, 上文的,

prep.在…上面在...上方, 过于, 超出

above all首先;尤其;最重要的是;

above oneself过于自信,自负

be above sth不屑于, 超出...

from above自高处,自上级

above and beyond大于;多于;

9.abroad adv. 到国外,去国外

We hear that he went abroad recently.

我们听说他最近出国了。

He was abroad from 1970 to 1996.

他从1970年至1996年住在国外。

We can’t go abroad this year, so we’ll have to content ourselves with a holiday in London.

我们今年不能出国,所以只好在伦敦度假了。注意abroad是副词,不是名词,因此不能与in, to, at 等介词连用；其前也不用冠词：

正：He went abroad last year. 他去年出国了。

误：He went to abroad last year.

误：He went to the abroad last year.

abroad 之前虽不能用in, to 之类的介词,但可用介词from：

He just came back from abroad. 他刚从国外回来。注意搭配：at home and abroad 国内外/ be all abroad 感到莫明其妙

10.abrupt突然的, 陡峭的,生硬的;不连贯的

an abrupt turn急转弯

an abrupt descent陡峭的斜坡

in an abrupt manner无礼的态度

an abrupt entrance闯入

11.absence n. 不在,缺席

12.absent a不在的, 缺席的, 缺少的,

be absent from 不在的; 没有出席

Long absent, soon forgotten.[谚]别久情疏。

absent oneself from缺席, 不在

13.absolute完全的, 绝对的

14.absorb吸收, 吸引

be absorbed by被...吞并, 为..所吸收

be absorbed in全神贯注在...,一心从事,热衷于

absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意

# abstract摘要, 概要, 抽象; 抽象的;非具体

to make an abstract of把...的要点摘录下来

abstract noun抽象名词

in the abstract抽象地, 观念上, 理论上的

# absurd荒谬的, 可笑的

# abundant丰富的, 充裕的, 丰富, 盛产, 富于

be abundant in=be rich in盛产

# abuse滥用, 虐待, 辱骂

15.academic a&n学术的,人文学科的;大学教师

# academy(高等)专科院校,研究院,学术团体,学院

16.accelerate v加速, 促进,

He decided to accelerate his advertising.

17.accent n重音, 口音,

18.accept vt&vi 接受

She offered him a lift and he accepted (it).

她请他坐她的车,他就领情了。

He has been accepted /admitted by Beijing University. He asked her to marry him and she accepted (him).

他向她求婚,她同意了。

比较：accept 与receive用法不同,前者通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”,而后者则指主动地“接受”。

She received his present, but she didn’t accept it.

她收到了他的礼物,但是没有接受。

accept后可接名词或代词作宾语,但一般不接不定式。要表示汉语的“接受做某事”,可用agree to do sth。His idea was such a good one that we all agreed to use it.

19.access n&vt进入,通道;接近access to接近,通向

20.accessible易接近的,可到达的,易受影响的,

an accessible person温和的人;

An open minded person is accessible to reasons.

虚心的人易于服理。

21.accident意外事件, 事故by accident/chance偶然

accident: An unexpected, undesirable event；an unforeseen incident. accident通常指不愉快的、意外的不测之事,常导致不良后果。

A traffic accident happened yesterday, three killed

and five wounded.昨天发生了一起交通事故,三死五伤The railway accident was terrible.那次火车车祸是件可怕的事。

phr. by accident意外地、偶然地：I met her by accident.我遇见她纯属偶然。

By accident of birth, he was rich.他有幸生在有钱人家Event: Something that takes place; an occurrence；A significant occurrence or happening；A contest or an item in a sports program.既可指历史上的重大事件,国际上的,国内的重大事件,也可指日常事件,还可表示体育运动的比赛项目。复数形式指事态的发展或时局：This is the place where all the important events take place. 一切重大的活动都在这儿举行。

Meeting you was quite an event in her life.认识你是她一生中的一件大事。

The new book was the cultural event of the year.这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。

Which event have you entered for?你参加什么项目?

a team event团体赛; a target event射击比赛; field

and track events田径比赛

Incident：A usually minor event or condition that is subordinate to another. An occurrence or event

that interrupts normal procedure.指与某人或某些重要事件有关的、不太重要的事情或叙述中的一件事,有时指引起战争,争端的突发事件,可用作battle, war一类词的委婉说法：

That was one of the strangest incidents in my life.那是我一生中最奇怪的事之一。

This is an ordinary incident.这是一件普通的小事。

the July 7th Incident of 1937一九三七年七七(芦沟桥)事变；border incidents边境事件

# accommodation住处, 膳宿,

book accommodation at a hotel向旅馆预定房间

22.accompany陪伴, 伴奏

She accompanied me to the doctor's.

accomplish完成,实现;

to accomplish a purpose/one's object/one's mission 达到目的/使命

24.account.报告,帐目, on account of因为;由于

account for解释;说明:

take into account=To take into consideration;

allow for.考虑;顾及

25.accountant会计(员), 会计师;

26.accumulate v积聚, 堆积

He accumulated a good library.他积累了丰富的藏书。#accuracy精确性, 正确度

27.accurate正确的, 精确的

28.accuse控告,谴责, 非难accuse sb. of ..指控某人..

#accustomed通常的, 习惯的,按照风俗习惯的;

be accustomed to doing习惯于;

29.ache n.&v.某部位疼痛

30.achieve vt. 达到,取得

Everybody should be given the chance to achieve

their aims. 要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。She achieved no success. 她有没获得成功。

有时与this, that, what, all, much, anything, nothing, a little 等代词连用,表示“获得(成功)”或“取得(成就)”等：

No one can achieve anything without effort.

谁也不可能不努力而有所作为。

All this cannot be achieved overnight.

这一切不是朝夕之间可做到的。

I’ve achieved only half of what I hoped to do. 我只完成了我原想完成的一半。

I have achieved my goal 我已经实现我的目标

My dream come true 我梦想成真

I’ve realized this is wrong 我意识到这是错误的

31.achievement n. 成就,成绩,功绩

32.acid a. 酸的

# acknowledge v. 承认

I acknowledge the truth of his statement.

我承认他说的是事实.

be acknowledged to be…被公认为是

It is universally acknowledged that大家认为

33.acquaintance n. 熟人,(与某人)认识

I have no acquaintance with this book.熟悉

I have some acquaintance with English.稍懂

# acquire v. 获得,得到

# acquisition n. 获得,得到

34.acre n. 英亩

35.across prep. 横过,穿过

swim across the river, run/walk across the street across与cross的用法辨析

across和cross这两个词都是表示“横越”、“渡过”之意,它们的区别在于词性和使用场合有所不同。across是介词,而cross是动词。

Everyone shouts “kill it!” when a rat is seen to run across the street.

He has crossed the border into another territory.

他已越过边界进入别国的领土。

cross n.十字架;a生气的be angry/cross with sb. crossroads十字路口

The accident took place at a crossroads.

crossing是“渡口”、“横道线”或“(铁路与公路的)交叉点”。It's about one hundred meters along on the left. Take the first turning(转弯处表示L路) on the left. Turn left at the first crossing(十字路口表示+路)

36.act n. 法令,条例

v. (戏)表演,扮演(角色),演出(戏);行动,做事

①act as (临时)担任,充当,起……的作用。

A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person.

表示担任独一无二的职务,其前通常不用冠词。

He acted as manager in my absence.

I don’t understand their language; you’ll have to act as interpreter.

②act for 代理(某人职务),代为(处理某事)。

Please act for me during my absence.

I acted for our captain while he was in hospital.

③act out (用手势和语言)表演出来。

Let’s act out the story of the three bears once more.

④act on (upon) 对……起作用,对……有效。

The drug acts on the stomach. 这药对胃有效。

⑤in the act (of) 当场,正在动作时。

He was in the very act of starting. 他正准备动身。

He was caught in the act (of reading my private letters). 他(在读我的私信时)被当场抓住。

37.action n. 行动take action

Actions are more important than words.

38.active a. 积极的,主动的take an active part in

40.activity n. 活动

41.actor n. 男演员

42.actress n. 女演员

43.actual a. 实际的; 现实的

44.acute a.十分严重的,(病)急性的;敏锐的

45.AD n. 公元

46.ad (缩) =advertisement n.广告

# adapt v. 使适应,适合,改编;

be adapted from根据...改写[改编];

adapt oneself to使自己适应或习惯于某事;

adapt sth. to使某事物适应或适合

# adaptation n. 适应,改编本

47.add vt.添加,增加

# addicted a.上瘾,成瘾,入迷使...成瘾, 热中于addict oneself to沉溺于, 醉心于

be addicted to嗜好,热中;sth is addictive易上瘾

# addition n.增加;(算数用语)加

48.address n. 地址

49.adequate a. 合适的,合乎需要的

50.adjust v.调整,调节,适应,习惯,

adjust oneself to...使自己适应于

51.adjustable adj.可调整的

52.adjustment n. 调整,适应

make adjustment to适应

# administration n.管理,行政部门

# admirable a.值得赞赏的,可钦佩的

53.admire v. 钦佩;羡慕admire sb for sth

54.admission n. 准入, 接纳

obtain/gain admission to获准进入;

Admission by ticket only.凭票入场。

55.admit vt. ~tted承认,准许(入场,入学,入会)

admit/allow doing sth.承认做…

# adolescence n. 青春,青春期

56.adolescent n. 青少年

57.adopt vt. 收养,采用,采纳

As they had no children of their own, they adopted an orphan.

养子(女) adopted son (daughter),但“养父母”却是adoptive parents / adoptive father / adoptive mother。

采用,采纳:

Our school has adopted a new teaching method. 我们学校采用了新的教学方法。

They’ll adopt our suggestion.

# adore v. (不用于进行时)热爱,爱慕某人

adore doing sth非常喜欢做

58.adult n. 成年人

59.advance v. 推进,促进;前进

60.advantage n. 优点; 好处

61.adventure n. 冒险; 奇遇

62.advertise vt. 为…做广告

63.advertisement n. 广告;

64.advice n. 忠告,劝告,建议

65.advise vt. 忠告,劝告,建议

advise doing; advise sb to do,

66.advocate v. 拥护,支持,提倡

advocate doing sth

aeroplane n. (英)飞机

aeroplane, airplane, aircraft, plane, jet, helicopter 这些名词均有“飞机”之意。aeroplane和airplane专指普通飞机,不包括helicopter(直升飞机)。aeroplane为英国英语的拼法,airplane为美国英语的用词。aircraft常用作集体名词,也可指一架飞机,其含义包括直升飞机和飞艇等。plane本义为“平面”,在航空专业里飞机通常用。aeroplane, plane较通俗用词。jet指喷气式飞机,也用jet plane。helicopter指直升飞机。

affair n. 事,事情

matter与affair两者均可表示“事情”、“事件”,其用法既有交叉的地方,也有不同的地方,使用时应注意以下几点：

①表示需要注意或重视的事情、商务性的事等,两者均可用。It’s a matter [an affair] of great importance.

They talked about business matters [affairs].

注：在口语中,含混地表示“事情”,也可用两者。

It’s a regretful affair [matter]. 那是件遗憾的事。

②表示“事务”(可大至国家政府机关的事务,小至个人的事务),通常用affair(一般用复数形式)。

They have no right to interfere in the internal affairs of China. 他们无权干涉中国内政。

He left his affairs in the hands of his son. 他把事务交给他儿子了。

③表示个人的事,通常用affair。

This is my affair, not theirs.这是我的事,不关他们事。注：有时也用matter,但通常有personal, private 等表示个人的形容词修饰。

It’s a private affair [matter]. 这是私事。

④若指麻烦事,只能用matter (与定冠词连用),若指男女间的loving affairs,则只能用affair。

What’s the matter with you? 你怎么啦?

There’s something the matter with it. 它出问题了。

It’s said that he is having affairs with her. 据说他与她有暧昧关系。

69.affect vt. 影响

# affection n. 喜爱set/fix one's affection on sb.

have an affection for深爱着

70.afford vt. 负担得起(…的费用); 抽得出(时间);提供can't afford to do

71.afraid a. 害怕的;担心

72.Africa * n. 非洲

73.African a. 非洲的,非洲人的n. 非洲人

74.after ad. 在后;后来prep. 在…之后;在后面

conj. 在…以后

75.afternoon n. 下午,午后

76.afterward(s) ad. 后来

77.again ad. 再一次;再,又

78.against prep. 对着,反对

be against sth.违反, 无视, 不顾

79.age n. 年龄;时代at the age of

# agency n. 代理机构

80.agenda n. (会议)议程表,议事日程,

place /put sth. on the agenda把某事提到日程上

81.agent n. 代理人,经济人a travel agent旅行代理商8# aggression n. 侵略

82.aggressive a. 侵略的;咄咄逼人的.

aggressive weapons攻击性武器;

be aggressive.生性好斗

83.ago ad. 以前

84.agree v. 同意;应允agree to do...;

agree to sb’s advice/arrangement/plan/suggestions

agree with her/what she said/her opinion

The weather does not agree with her.

They agreed on the price in the end.

agree with,agree to与agree on的用法

I.agree with

①表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等(即持同一观点)：

I don’t agree with you. 我不同意你的意见。

They agreed with this idea. 他们同意这个想法。

I agree with what you say. 我同意你说的。

②表示“ (食物、天气、工作等)对…适宜”：

The weather does not agree with me.这种天气我不适宜。Hard work does not agree with him.艰苦工作他不适宜。

③表示“与…一致”：

A verb must agree with its subject in person and number. 动词必须和它的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。What he does does not agree with what he says.

II.agree to

①主要用来表示一方提出一项建议、安排、计划等,另一方同意协作：

We agreed to their arrangement.我们同意他们的安排。She agreed to marriage. 她同意结婚。

有时agree to 也可用来表示“答应”一件自己不愿做的事：

I was forced to agree to it, but at heart I didn’t quite agree with it. 我被迫答应,但内心并不完全同意。

②agree to sb’s suggestion/ plan/proposal/ arrangement 等名词时,与accept 同义：

Do you think he will agree to/accept my suggestion?

③其后既可接动词原形(此时to是不定式符号),也可接动名词(一般有逻辑主语,此时to是介词)：

He agreed to go with us. 他同意同我们去。

I never agreed to Mary marrying him.

我从来没同意玛丽嫁给他。

III.agree on [upon]

①主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议：We agreed on the price.

Both sides agreed on these terms.双方都同意这些条件。

②后接动名词(=agree to do sth)：

He agreed on lending (=to lend) us some money.

Mary agreed on coming [to come] on Monday.

IV.两点用法说明：

①agree with him/what he said/his opinion(idea)

②没有agree sb to do sth

They agreed to let me go. /They agreed to my going. 85.agreement n. 同意,一致;协定,协议

arrive at/come to/reach an agreement

86.agriculture n. 农业,农学

# agricultural a. 农业的

87.ahead ad. 在前,向前

88.aid n.&v. 援助;救护;辅助器具

aid, assist, help的用法区别

①aid的用法

aid为正式用词,主要指帮助他人脱离危险或战胜困难,侧重强者对急需帮助的弱者的帮助。

I aided him with money. 我资助了他。

I aided her to continue her research.

我帮助她继续她的研究。

A good dictionary can aid language learning.

一部好词典有助于语言学习。

②assist的用法

assist 强调在提供帮助时,以受助者为主,所给的帮助起第二位或从属的作用。

They assisted in building the house.

他们帮助盖这栋房子。

Can I assist you with those parcels?

我可否帮助你拿那些包?

We shall assist them in their difficulty.

我们将帮助他们克服困难。

John had come home to assist his father.

约翰回家来帮助他的父亲。

The nurse assisted the doctor in the operating room.

护士在手术室帮助医生。

③help的用法

help 最普通用词,含义广泛。指一般性的或迫切需要的帮助,侧重积极地为他人提供物质、精神或其他方面的帮助。

She might be able to help us. 她有可能帮我们的忙。We started to try and help them. 我们设法帮助他们。

If he will help us, so much the better.

如果他能帮助我们,那就更好了。

He was always ready to help handicapped people.

她经常乐于帮助残疾人。

By helping them we are helping to save ourselves.

靠帮助他们来帮助我们拯救自己。

You could have helped me why did you just sit and watch? 你本可帮助我的,为什么只坐在一旁瞧着?

89.AIDS n. 艾滋病

90.aim n.目的;目标v. 计划,打算;瞄准;针对

91.air n. 空气;大气

in the ~在空中on the ~在播出by ~乘飞机

92.aircraft n. 飞机(单复数同)

93.airline n. 航空公司;航空系统

94.airmail n. 航空邮件

95.airplane n. (美)飞机

96.airport n. 航空站,飞机场

97.airspace n.领空

98.alarm n. 警报

99.album n. 相册,影集,集邮簿

100.alcohol n. 酒,酒精;含酒精饮料,

101.algebra n.代数

102.alike ad. 同样地,照样地

103.alive a. 活着的

104.all a., ad & pron. 所有的;全部

105.allergic a. 过敏的, 患过敏症的

be allergic to penicillin对青霉素过敏allow v. 允许allow doing ;allow sb. to do

allow 与permit 的用法区别

两者均可表示“允许”,其区别是：permit 通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许,其语气较重；而allow 通常指消极地不加反对,含有听任或默许之意,语气较轻。Nothing is permitted; everything is allowed.

一切都没明文规定可以做,但一切做了也无妨。The nurse allowed him to remain there, though it was not permitted.

护士让他留在那儿,而按规定那是不许可的。

从用法上看,两者后接动词作宾语时,均要用动名词形式,而不能用不定式。

We don’t allow [permit] swimming in the pool.

但是若其后接有名词或代词,那么其后须接不定式。We don’t allow [perm it] children to swim in the pool.

注意这类结构的被动式之后可用不定式(此时的不定式不是宾语,而是主语补语)。

We do not allow [permit] people to smoke here.

People are not allowed [permitted] to smoke here. 107.allowance n.津贴,补助

108.almost ad 几乎

109.alone ad & a 独自的;独自地

110.along ad & prep 沿着;往前

111.alongside ad & prep 横靠着,沿着;横靠,

112.aloud ad 大声地read aloud

113.alphabet n 字母表

114.already ad 已经

115.also ad 也,同样(=besides=what’s more)

116.alternative n & a 抉择,选择余地;有选择的

117.although conj. 虽然

although与though的用法区别

I.用作连词

表示“虽然”,两者同义,可换用,只是although 比though 更为正式：

Though [Although] it was raining, we went there.

The lights were already on, though /although it was barely four o’clock.

II.用作副词

although 一般不用作副词,而though 可用作副词,且可以放在句中或句末(不放在句首),意为“可是”、“不过”：It’s hard work; I enjoy it though.

He is looking fit, though. 但他看起来很健康。

You , though, can count on him. 不过你可以指靠他。III.用于习语

在as though(好像,仿佛),even though(即使,纵然)等固

定短语中不能用although：

She closed her eyes as though she were tired. 她闭上眼,仿佛很疲劳似的。

We felt as though we had witnessed the whole thing. .

He is an honest man, I must say, even though I have opposed him.

She was always afraid of men, even though she had lots of boy friends.

IV.用于倒装

though 引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意：倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词),但although 一般不这样用：

Poor though I am, I can afford it.

Child though he was, he did quite well.

118.altogether ad 完全地,全然,总之,总计

119.aluminium n [化]铝

120.always ad 总是,一直for ~/ good/ ever永远

He is ~ talking in class.(反感)

He is ~ asking clever questions.(赞扬)

121.am v (be)

122.am./am,AM./AM n 上午

123.amaze v. 惊奇,震惊amaze/ surprise/astonish sb

be amazed to do/at/that 吃惊

124.amazing a. 令人惊异的

125.ambassador (ambassadress) n. 大使

126.ambition n.雄心achieve one's ambitions达到…志向reach a goal 达到…目标

127. ambulance n. 救护车

128.America n. 美国;美洲

American a. 美国的;美国人的n. 美国人

# ambiguous a. 有歧义的

129.among prep. 在……中间;在(三个以上)之间

130.amount n. & v. 总计,总数

a large amount of + u + is

amounts of + u + are 大量的

amount to 共计(= add up to = come to)

# ample a. 宽敞的

# amuse vt. (使人)快乐,逗乐

131.amusement n. 娱乐

132.analyse v. 分析

133.analysis n. 分析

134.ancestor n. 祖宗; 祖先

135.anchor v. & n. 锚,抛锚

136.ancient a. 古代的,古老的

137.and conj. 和;又;而I.表示并列或对称的关系

①用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子,可译为“和”、“并”、“又”、“兼”等。

Lucy and I go to school five days a week. 我和露西每周上五天学。(连接两个并列主语)

You must look after yourself and keep healthy. 你必须照顾自己并保持身体健康。(连接两个并列谓语)

They teach us Chinese and we teach them English. 他们教我们汉语,我们教他们英语。(连接两个简单句)

②如果连接两个以上的词语,通常把and放在最后一个词语前面；为了强调,可在两者之间分别加上and；把词语连接起来时, 通常把较短的词语放在前面。

I like eggs, meat, rice, bread and milk. 我喜欢鸡蛋、肉、米饭、面包和牛奶。

All that afternoon I jumped and sang and did all kinds of things. 那天整个下午我又唱又跳,做各种各样的事情。The apples are big and delicious. 苹果又大又好吃。

③有些用and连接的词语,次序固定,不能随意改变。men, women and children 男人、妇女和儿童

fish and chips 炸鱼加炸土豆片

II.表示目的

在口语中,and常用在go, come, try等动词后连接另一个动词,表示目的。此时and相当于to,不必译出。

Go and see! 去看看！

Come and meet the family. 来见见这家人。

III.表示条件和结果

在祈使句后,常用and连接一个简单句,表示条件与结果的关系,它们在语法上是并列关系,但在意义上却是主从关系,也可译为“如果……就……”。

Work hard and you will live happily. = If you work hard, you will live happily.如果你努力工作,你就会活得愉快。Come early and you will see him. = If you come early, you will see him. 如果你早来的话,你就会见到他。IV.表示承接关系

and用在句首,起承上启下的作用, 可译为“因此”、“那么”、“于是”等,也可不译。

And what's this？那么这是什么呢？

And the air today is nice and clean.今天的空气真清新。V.表示动词的先后关系

and常用来连接两个动词或动词词组,后一个动词所表示的动作发生得迟一点。此时and相当于then,可译为“然后”。

Then he got out of the lift and climbed up to the fifteenth floor on foot. 于是他从电梯里走出来,然后步行爬上第15层楼。

Go along the street, and take the third turning on the right. 沿这条街走,然后在第三个路口向右拐。

VI.表示动作上的伴随关系

and连接两个动词,动作同时发生,前一个动词表示姿势或状态,后一个动词表示伴随动作,and相当于while,可译为“边……边……”。

They talked and laughed happily.他们愉快地边谈边笑。The baby watched and listened. 这个婴儿边看边听。VII.表示因果关系

and连接两个动词或两个分句,带有因果关系,此时and 相当于so,可译为“便”、“ 于是”、“因而”、“结果”等。She couldn't find her mother and began to cry. 她找不到妈妈,于是哭了起来。

It's a fine day today, and everyone is busy. 今天是个好天气,因而人人都很忙。

VIII.表示意义上的增补

and连接两个分句,第二个分句是第一个分句的补充或进一步说明,可译为“又”、“同时”等。

If you want to be thinner and healthier, you have to eat less food - and you also have to take more exercise. 如果你想既苗条又健康,你就得少吃食物——同时,你还得多进行运动。

Don't be late - Oh, and put on your old clothes. 别迟到——噢,还要穿上你的旧衣服。

IX.表示递进与转折

and表示转折时,相当于but,但语气较弱,可译为“而且”、“可是”、“不过” 或不译。

I mean you eat too much, and you don't take enough exercise. 我的意思是你吃的太多,而且运动得不够。They call me Lily sometimes, and I don't always tell them that they've made a mistake. 他们有时叫我莉莉,但我并不总是告诉他们说他们弄错了。

X.表示强调,加强语气

用and 连接两个相同的动词表示动作的反复；用and 连接两个相同的副词,表示动作的延续；用and连接同一个形容词或副词的比较级表示程度的逐步加深。The baby laughed and laughed.这个婴儿笑呀,笑个不停。They talked on and on very happily.他们很高兴地谈了又谈。

She looked at me and cried harder and harder. 她看着我,哭得越来越厉害。

XI.and有时连接两个反义词

and连接的两个反义词在句中作状语或后置定语,这两个词的次序不得颠倒。

He uses a lift to go up and down. 他乘电梯上楼下楼。When Christ was born nearly two thousand years ago. many people, rich and poor, gave him presents. 差不多两千年前,耶稣出生时,许多人,无论贫富,都给他礼物。XII.and连接两个数词或连接百位和十位之间的数词,前者可译为“加”,后者则不译。

What's one and two? 一加二是多少？

There are three hundred and sixty-five days in a year. 一年有365天。

XIII.and用于固定词组或结构中。

Both John and Ann have got penfriends. 约翰和安都有笔友。

The museum is between the post office and the hospital. 博物馆位于邮局和医院之间。

I love autumn because it's nice and cool. 我喜爱秋天,因为它很凉爽。

138.anecdote n. 逸事

139.anger n. be filled with anger 满腔愤怒

lose one's temper /control发脾气

140.angle n. 角,角度

141.angry adj.

142.animal n. 动物

143.ankle n. 踝关节

144.anniversary n. 周年纪念

145.announce vt.宣布

146.annoy vt. (使)烦恼

# annual a. 每年的,年度的,一年一次的

147. another a.再\另一; 另一个pron.

148. answer n.回答,答复;回信;答案

v.回答,答复;回信;(作出)答案

149. ant n. 蚂蚁

150. Antarctic a. 南极的the Antarctic 南极n. 南极洲# antique n. 古董

151. anxiety n. 担忧,焦虑

152. anxious a. 忧虑的,焦急的

153. any pron. (无论)哪一个;哪些任何的;

(用于疑问句,否定句)一些;什么

154. anybody pron. 任何人,无论谁

155. anyhow ad. 不管怎样

156. anyone pron. 任何人,无论谁

157. anything pron. 什么事(物);任何事(物)

158. anyway ad. 不管怎样=anyhow

① It was an old bike anyway.不管怎样,这是辆旧车。【解析】anyway副词。意思是“不管怎样,无论如何”。Anyway we must finish this work today.

无论如何,我们今天必须完成这项工作。

we will go there anyway.不管怎样,我们都要去那儿。

② You must get a ticket for the football match anyway. 不管你用什么办法,必须弄一张足球赛的票。

【解析】anyway副词。意思是“不论用何种方法”。

It seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word anyway.我似乎怎么也想不出恰当的字眼来了。

③ We ought to criticize him for doing his work anyway. 他工作马马虎虎,我们就应该批评他。

【解析】anyway副词。意思是“随随便便,马马虎虎,杂乱无章”。

You should never put something important on the desk anyway.你决不该把重要的东西随便丢在桌子上。159. anywhere ad. 任何地方

160. apart ad& a. 相隔,相距,除外

161. apartment n.(美)楼中单元房,一套房间; 162. apologize vi. 道歉,谢罪

163. apology n. 道歉;歉意

make an apology to sb. for sth.= apologise/apologize to sb fo sth

164. apparent a. 显而易见

165. appeal v. 上诉,申诉,吸引力

166. appear vi. 出现

167. appearance n. 出现,露面;容貌,外表

补充：任务型阅读概括性词汇

标题title 主题topic

原因cause/reason 结果result

措施/步骤measure/step

方法solution/way/manner/approach/method

态度attitude 趋势tendency

结论conclusion

建议suggestion/tip/proposal/advice

要求requirement/demand

问题problem 观点opinion/view/idea

意义significance

目的/目标purpose/aim/goa

影响effect/impact/influence

定义definition 来源source

数量quantity 质量quality

优劣advantage/disadvantage

特色.特征feature 人物/角色character

类型type/kind/sort 情节plot

内容content 行为behavior

重要性importance 必要性necessity/must

情感feeling/emotion 异同difference/similarity 外表appearance 信息information 人口population 贡献contribution 想象力imagination 创造力creativity

概括、总结summary 要点、提纲outline 其它time/place/situation/condition

# appendix n. 附录,阑尾

168. appetite n. 食欲,胃口

# applaud v. / n. 鼓掌,赞许,赞赏

169. apple n. 苹果

# applicant n. 申请人

170. application n. 申请

171. apply v. 申请

172. appoint v.任命,委任,安排,确定(时间,地点) 173. appointment n. 约会

174. appreciate v. 欣赏;感激

# appreciation n. 欣赏,鉴定,评估

175. approach n. / v. *近,接近,建议,要求

#appropriate a. 合适的,恰当的

# approve v.赞成,同意,批准,通过

176.approximately ad.近似,大约

177.apron n. (机场的)停机坪

# Arab * a. 阿拉伯的n. 阿拉伯人

# Arabic a. 阿拉伯语的n. 阿拉伯语

# arbitrary a. 随心所欲的,独裁的,专断的

178.arch n. 拱,拱门

179.architect n. 建筑师,设计师

# architecture n.建筑学,建筑设计,风格

180.Arctic a. 北极的the Arctic 北极

the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋

181. are v.(be) 是

182. area n. 面积;地域,地方,区域;范围,领域

183. argue vi. 争辩, 争论

184. argument n. 争论,辩论

185. arise (arose, arisen) vi. 起来,升起;出现

186. arithmetic n. 算术

187. arm n. 臂,支架v. 以…装备,武装起来

arms n. (美)武器,武力

188. armchair n. 扶手椅

189. army n. 军队

190. around ad. 在周围;在附近prep. 在…周围;大约191. arrange v. 安排,布置

192. arrangement n. 安排,布置

193. arrest v. 逮捕,拘留

194. arrival n. 到来,到达

195. arrive vi. 到达;达到

196. arrow n. 箭;箭头

197. art n. 艺术,美术;技艺

198. article n.文章;东西,物品;冠词

a, an和the的用法

I.不定冠词:a∕an的用法:

?表示一个:She has a clever son.

She wanted to rent an apartment near the campus. Before she left for London, Sally sent me a picture of herself.

A grammar book is necessary to a language learner.

?表示每个:we have 3 English classes a week.

?表示某个:The book is∕was written by a student.

?表示某类之一:I am a teacher ,he is a doctor.

?第一次提到的人或物用不定冠词表示,再次提到时用定冠词:I have a bike. The bike is green.

?用于可数名词单数形式前,表示类别。

A teacher must love his student. 老师应该爱学生。

?用于表示价格,速度,比率,时间等意义的名词前

3 times a day. 10 yuan a meter.

?用于抽象名词前,表示一种:a new culture

?用于句型:“a∕an +Mr. ∕Mrs.∕Miss.+姓氏”中

a Mr. Wang 一位姓王的先生(不认识)

Mr. Wang 王先生(认识)

?用于某些短语中:have a good time have a rest have a look take a shower(淋浴) take a break(休息) take a bath(洗澡) get a cold(患感冒) get a fever(发烧) develop into a habit (养成习惯) make a living(谋生) make a guess at(猜测) make a difference between(区分) in a moment(过一会儿) in a sense(在某种意义上)

in a way(在某种程度上) once in a while(间或)

have an advantage over(优于) have an edge(略胜过)

as a result(因此)as a rule(通常)as a whole(总体上说) II.定冠词the的用法:

?表示特定的人或事物:The book on the desk is mine. ?表示听话人,说话人彼此都很熟悉的人或事物: Where is Tom? He is in the room.

?第一次提到的人或物用不定冠词表示,再次提到时用定冠词:I have a bike.The bike is green.

?表示世界上独一无二的东西(专有名词除外) The sun /moon/earth

?表示国家,党派,团体,机关等词组前用定冠词:

The Communist Party 共产党

?用在表示乐器的名词前:Play the piano 弹钢琴

?用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示一家人:The Wang’s

?用在单数可数名词前和名词化的形容词前,表示类别the old/aged/young ?用在序数词,形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前(副词最高级前可以不用):the fattest girl ; in the east

?用在地理名词前(江河湖海):The yellow river 黄河

⑴用在表示报纸,会议,条约等名词前:

The Times 泰晤士报

⑵用于某些建筑物之前:the National Gallery

⑶用于主要由普通名词构成的专有名词前:

the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国

⑷用在逢十的数词复数前,表示世纪中的特定年代或人的大约岁数]:in the 1960’s∕1960s在20世纪60年代

a man in the thirties 一个30多岁的男人

⑸用在句型“动词+人称代词宾格+介词+定冠词the+身体的某一部位”中:I caught him by the arm.

I hit him on the head. 我打了他的头。

I hit him in the face. 我打了他的脸。

⑹用于合唱团,管弦乐团,流行音乐团体等名词前:

the Beatles 甲克虫乐队

⑺用于某些固定词组中:in the end 最后,终于

all the time 一直for the first time 第一次

at the beginning of… 在…的开始

III.零冠词用法

①用于复数名词前

复数名词泛指某类人或物时,其前通常用零冠词。Students should obey the school rules.学生应遵守校规。Trees don’t grow in the Antarctic. 南极不长树木。

【说明】复数名词若需特指,则要加定冠词。

The students are too lazy. 这些学生太懒。

②用于不可数名词前

不可数名词表示泛指时,其前通常用零冠词。

Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的。

Wood is a poor conductor of sound.

【说明】不可数名词若需特指,则要加定冠词。

He sawed the wood into three pieces.

③用于专有名词前

在通常情况下,专有名词前要用零冠词。

Mr Smith is our English teaches us English.

【说明】在特殊情况下,若专有名词需要特指,也可加定冠词。

The Smith you’re looking for no lo nger lives here.

你找的那个史密斯不再住这里。

④用于某些单数可数名词前

单数可数名词前在某些特殊情况下用零冠词,如用作呼语时、表示家庭成员时、用于表示“变成”的连系动词turn, go 之后作表语时、用于倒装的让步状语从句中时等。

Can I tell Father about it？这事我可以告诉爸爸吗？He was a teacher before he turned writer.

在成为作家前他是教师。

Child as he was, he did quite well.

虽然是孩子,但他做得很不错。

【说明】用于某些独立结构中的单数可数名词也通常用零冠词。

Suddenly a man came in, knife in hand.

突然进来一个人,手里拿着刀。

另外,在kind [sort] of 后接单数可数名词时也通常用零冠词。

He is too young for that kind of job.

他太年轻,不能干那种工作。

⑤用于抽象化的可数名词前

有些可数名词抽象化后表示活动,其前常零冠词。

Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了。

She goes to church every Sunday.

【说明】这类主要涉及bed, church, class, college, school, university, work, hospital, prison, market, sea, town等。另外,这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关。“住院”在英国英语中通常说成in hospital,而在美国英语中则通常说成in the hospital；类似的还有go to university (英)上大学/ go to the university (美)上大学；at table (英)在吃饭/ at the table (美)在吃饭。

⑥用于职务及头衔前

当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时,其前通常用零冠词。

Wilson became President of the U. S. A.

He will be made captain of the football team.

【说明】有时也可用定冠词,但以不用为多见。

⑦用于球类运动前

Let’s go and play basketball. 我们去打篮球吧。

You can’t pick the ball up in football.

踢足球时不许用手持球。

【说明】若指球类运动,其前用零冠词；若球类运动所用的球,则根据情况可用冠词。

The basketball cost me 30 yuan. 这个篮球花了我30元。

⑧其他用零冠词的场合

按英语习惯,在表示学科、语言、三餐、月份、季节、节假日、星期等名词前,通常用零冠词。

We are all interested in physics.

Won’t you stay and take lunch with us？

School begins in September. 九月开学。

It’s a fortnight to National Day. 离国庆节还有两星期。She has been here since Monday. ⑨用于某些固定结构中

go to sea 去当水手at home 在家

at night 在晚上at least 至少

at most 至多at first 首先

at last 最后in bed 在床上

on foot 步行face to face 面对面

IV.the/an/a用法及区别:

冠词在英文中属于虚词,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用。这类词的数量很小,但是其活动性却很大,在英文中a / an并不等于one 。

He only has one dictionary.他只有一本词典。(正确) He only has a dictionary.他只有一本词典。( 错误) One minute is enough for me to do it . 我做这件事一分钟足够了。(正确)

A minute is enough for me to do it . 我做这件事一分钟足够了( 错误)

1) 不定冠词在句子中最大的语法功能是:用在可数名词的单数形式前表示泛指--表明一类人或事物区别于它类:I am a Chinese. This is a book.

为了读音的方便,在以元音音素开头的可数名词的单数名词前用an而不用a。当我们使用an时,条件有:

①这个名词的读音必须是以元音音素开头,即它的音标的第一个音素是元音,而不是说它以元音字母开头

②它必须是个可数名词。

③它还必须是个单数名词。我们常常见到这类用法:

a university an hour an orange an engineer

an ordinary man an honest person

定冠词在句子中,既可以用于可数名词前,也可以用于不可数名词前；既用在可数名词的单数形式前,也用在可数名词的复数形式前。从表达意义上讲,它既可表达this, that之意义,也可表达these, those之意义。

This is the very ink I'm going to buy.

The words on the blackboard are to be learned next time.

4) 定冠词在句子中最大的语法功能是对名词加以限定,使其成为具有某种意义的特定名词。这种"特定意义"通过比较是不难看出的。

Here are the records you want.

I bought some records yesterday.

Have you decided on the prices yet?

# artificial a. 人工的,人造的

199. artist n.艺术家

200. as ad.& conj.像…一样;如同;因为prep.作为,当做201. ash n. 灰; 灰末

202. ashamed a. 惭愧; 害臊

203. Asia n. 亚洲

204. Asian a. 亚洲(人)的n. 亚洲人

205. aside ad. 在旁边

206. ask v. 问;请求,要求;邀请

207. asleep a. 睡着的,熟睡

208. aspect n. 方面,外观,外表

209. assist v. 帮助,协助

210. assistance n. 帮助,援助,支持

211. assistant n. 助手,助理

# associate v. 联想,联系

212. association n. 协会,社团,联系

# assume v. 假定,假设

# assumption n. 假定,假设

213. astonish vt. 使惊讶

214. astronaut n. 宇航员

215. astronomer n. 天文学家

216. astronomy n. 天文学

217. at prep.在(几点钟);在(某处)

218. athlete n. 运动员

219. athletic a. 健壮的,体育运动的

220. Atlantic a. 大西洋的the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋221. atmosphere n. 大气;气氛

222. atom n. 原子,微粒

223. attach vt.附上, 贴上; 使附属,使隶属

attach one's name to在...上签名

The hospital is attached to that university.

这医院附属于那所大学。

Attach a stamp to the envelope and mail it.

把邮票贴在信封上寄出去。

He' ll attach the label to your luggage.

他会把标签系在你的行李上。

224. attack vt. / n. 攻击,袭击

225. attain v.(经过努力)获得,得到

226. attempt vt. 试图,尝试

227. attend v. 看护,照料,服侍;出席,参加

228. attention n. 注意,关心# attentively ad. 注意地229. attitude n. 态度,看法

230. attract v. 吸引,引起# attraction n. 吸引,爱慕231. attractive a. 迷人的,有吸引力的

232. audience n. 观众,听众

233.aunt n. 伯母;舅母;婶;姑;姨

234. author n. 作者,作家

# authority n.权力,权威,威信,官方

235. automatic a. 自动的,机械的

# autonomous a. 自治的,自主的

236. autumn n. 秋天,秋季237. available a. 可用的,可获得的

238. avenue n. 大道

239. average a.平均;普通的n.平均数

240. avoid v. 避免,躲开,逃避

241. awake (awoke, awoken) v. 唤醒a. 醒着的

242. award n. 奖品,奖励

243. aware a. 知道,意识到,发觉

补充：be conscious/aware of…意识到

John has been aware /conscious of having done something wrong.约翰已意识到自己做错了事情。244. away ad. 离开;远离

245. awesome a. 使人敬畏的

246. awful a. 可怕的,糟透的

247.awkward a.不灵活的,难堪的,笨拙的,困难的

B

248. baby n. 婴儿

249. bachelor n. 未婚男子,单身汉

250. back ad.回(原处);向后a.后面的n..背后,后部;背251. background n. 背景

252. backward(s) ad. 向后

253. bacon n. 咸猪肉;熏猪肉?

# bacterium (复bacteria) n. 细菌

254. bad (worse, worst)a.坏,有害,不利,严重的

255. badminton n. 羽毛球

256. bag n. 书包;提包;袋子

257. baggage n. 行李

# bakery n. 面包店

258. balance n. 平衡

259. ball n. 球n. 舞会go to the ball

# ballet n. 芭蕾舞

260. balloon n. 气球

261.bamboo n. 竹

262.ban n. 禁令

v. 禁止；取缔Swimming in this river is banned 263.banana n. 香蕉

264.band n. 一伙,一帮,乐队

265.bandage n. 绷带

266.bank n. (河、海、湖的)岸,堤n. 银行

---Which bank is the poorest one in the world?

---The river bank.

267.bar n. 条；(长方)块,棒,横木

n.(酒店的)买酒柜台；酒吧；(卖东西的)柜台

268.barbecue n. 烤肉野餐

269.barber n.(为男人理发的)理发师

270.barbershop n. 理发店

# bare a. 裸露的barely (never, rarely, hardly, scarcely, seldom) He barely goes there, does he?

271.bargain v. 讨价还价

n. 讨价还价；便宜货a real ~便宜货

beat a bargain with sb 与…讨价还价

make a bargain with sb 与…成交

pick up a bargain 买到便宜货

272.bark v. 狗叫n. 狗叫声

# barrier n. 妨碍

273.base n. 基地；基础vt.以......为基础

be ~d on以......为基础

on the basis of 在…基础上,在…前提下

274.baseball n. 棒球

275.basement n. 地下室

276.basic a. 基本的

277.basin n. 水盆,脸盆

278.basis n.基础

279.basket n. 篮子

280.basketball n. 篮球

281.bat n. (棒球、板球的)球棒n. 蝙蝠

282.bath n.洗浴

283.bathe v. be bathed in the sunshine沐浴在阳光之中284.bathroom n. 浴室

285.bathtub n.澡盆

286.battery n.电池

287.battle n.战役

battle, war, fight, struggle

war指战争的总体;battle指war中的战斗或战役;

fight指具体的人与人之间或动物之间的争斗; struggle指长时间、激烈的争斗,多指肉体、精神上的战斗。

We have had two world wars in this century.

本世纪已有两次世界大战。

They were wounded in the battle.他们在战斗中受了伤。We have started a fight against pollution.

我们已开始了一场消除污染的斗争。

His life was a hard struggle with sickness.

他一生跟疾病作了艰苦的斗争。

①in time of war 战时②be at war交战,在打仗

③declare war on…对……宣战

④fight a battle打一仗挑战

⑤have a hand-to-hand fight肉搏战

288.BC n.公元前

289.be( am,is,are,was,were,being,been) v

补充：Be + adj+prep

①be +adj+of

be afraid of…(terrified of/ scared of/)

I'm terrified of flying I'd rather go by sea.我害怕坐飞机--我宁愿坐船.

be full of…be fond of…be proud of

be tired of 对...感到厌倦。

She is tired of doing her homework.

be sick of 腻烦

I'm sick of waiting around like this.

In short, it’s not going tobe a pleasant summer for people who are sick of hearing about the iPhone.

一句话，对听到iPhone就烦的人们而言，今年夏天可不是个令人愉快的季节。

It makes me sick to see her being treated so badly.

我看到她受到这样虐待非常愤怒。

Sometimes we need to be sick to appreciate the blessing of being healthy.

有的时候我们在生病的时候才开始珍惜健康。Maybe being poor is something you're not willing tobe anymore or you're sick of being alone.

也许贫穷是最不能忍受的，谁都不愿在生病的时候一个人孤独。

be sure of

Book early if you want to be sure of a seat.

be certain of be short of

be careful of…注意,留心

Be careful of your health注意你的健康; 请多保重。Be careful of the dog; it sometimes bites people.

留心那条狗,有时候咬人。

be ashamed of…对... 感到羞耻

He has done nothing to be ashamed of

他从未做过亏心的事情。

As for you, you ought to be ashamed of yourself.

至於你,你应该感到惭愧。

You should be ashamed of what you have done.

你应为自己所做的事感到羞愧。

He made believe not to be aware of my presence.

他假装不知道我在那里

I wasn't aware of that我没有意识到。

be confident of…信..., 确信...

I have every reason to be confident of our victory.

我有充分的理由坚信胜利是属于我们的

Your encouragement made me more confident of my future.你的鼓励使我对我的未来更加有信心。

be worthy of

His work is worthy of(值得)praise.他的工作值得表扬。

②Be +adj + with

be popular with 受…欢迎的

be angry with 生......的气= be annoyed with

be busy with 忙于做…be filled with 充满

be pleased/ satisfied/content/happy/glad with be disappointed with

be strict with

be patient with 对…有耐心

You’ll have to be patient with my mother; she’s going rather deaf.

be covered with

be concerned with牵涉到,与...有关,参与,挂念,担心

③be + adj + about

be sorry about

be sure about

Are you sure about everything is OK now?

be worried about= be anxious about

be curious about…对... 好奇

be nervous about:Don’t be nervous about your exams.

④be + adj + at

be good / bad at…

be surprised at

All of us were quite surprised at the unexpected news．我们中所有的人听到这突如其来的消息都感到很惊讶Tom was no more surprised than (he was) disappointed at this news.汤姆听见那消息既不惊讶也不失望。

I was more disappointed than discouraged.

我是失望,而不是泄气。

I was never discouraged against learning English.

我从未对学习英语失去信心。

be amazed at…对.......感到惊讶

be sorry at

be mad at…对…非常恼火

He was mad at missing his train.

be angry at 因......生气= be annoyed at

⑤be + adj + for

be late for be good / bad for

be / get ready for

be / feel sorry for:I am /feel sorry for losing your bike.

be famous for be known for

be known as, be known for, be known to, be known in

这些都是be known与不同介词搭配的词组。

be known as: 意为“作为......而著名”,其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。

Liu Huan is known as a singer.

We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.

be known for: 意为“因......而著名”,其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。

Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.

桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。

Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.

盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。

be known to: “为......所了解／知道”,其后接表示人的词语。“(人们都)知道”,其后接动词原形。

He is known to all in our village.

村子里的人都了解他。

He was known to have invented many things．＝It was known that he had invented many things.

人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。

be known in: 意为“在某地很著名”。

He is well-known in the town where he was born.

他在自己出生的那个镇子上很出名。

⑥be + adj +to

be kind to sb

be good / nice / bad / friendly to sb

be useful /helpful /harmful / grateful / thankful to sb for sth

We are grateful to you for your gifts.

We were thankful for his help. 我们感谢他的帮助。

I'm thankful to know that he is safe.

be similar to

be polite to sb

I know you don't like him but be sure that as it may, you can at least be polite to him

我知道你不喜欢他,不过即使如此,你至少能对他有礼。This boy is polite to everyone

be rude to sb

Don't be so rude to your parents! 别对你的父母这么没礼貌！

I had to make a conscious effort not to be rude to him.

我得刻意约束自己不要对他粗鲁。

be close to

The church is close to the school. 教堂在学校附近。

be married to 与……结婚

be blind to视而不见

We should not be blind to(视而不见)the beauties of

nature. 我们不能对大自然之美无动于衷。

be dear to宝贵的

Time is very dear to him. 时间对他来说很宝贵。

be true to忠于生活,逼真

Your writing is very true to life．你的作品忠实于生活。get used to

I do not get used to the climate here yet.

⑦be + adj+ from

be different from

be far from / (反义词) be close to

be free from:The medicine is free from side effects. Dare not hope for great accomplishment,but only to be free from mistake.不求有功,但求无过。

be absent from: He was absent from the class yesterday.

⑧be + adj+in

be interested in be weak in

be strong in be similar in

be successful in

be strict in 严于做

He is strict in his work. 他工作严谨。

be rich in 富于,富有

be poor in

Mars is too dry and poor in oxygen.

火星上面过于干燥,并且缺乏氧气。

Everyone is weary: the poor in seeking, the rich in keeping, the good in learning.

人人都在奔忙:穷人寻求,富人守财,好人学习。

be dressed in 穿着......

He was dressed in a pair of black trousers.

The girl was dressed in brown from top to toe.

be experienced in

She is very experienced in teaching English.

290.beach n海滩,湖滨,河滩

291.bean n.豆

# bean curd 豆腐

292.bear n.熊

vt.忍受；承受(bore/born-borne)

He can’t ~ being looked down upon.

He was born in Shanghai.

They have borne three children.

bear = stand = put up with

bear a share of responsibility承担

293.beard n.胡须

294.beast n.兽,凶残的人295.beat n.节拍

v.打；击败(beat/beaten)beat sb/the other team The waves beat the shore.浪打岸

My heart beats fast.心跳

296.beautiful adj.漂亮的

297.beauty n.美beautifully adv. beautify vt.美化

298.because conj.

because of=on account of=owing to prep. 由于

She cried because of what I had said about her work. 299.become/became/become link.v.系动词

300.bed n.

go to ~ (college /church /court /hospital/school/)

be in ~ (college/church/court/hospital) 强调状态

301.bedroom n. 卧室

302.bee n.蜜蜂

303.beef n.牛肉

304.beer n.啤酒

305.before prep.,ad&conj.

long before 很久以前

before long = soon = presently不久

306.beg v.乞讨;哀求begging begged beggar n.乞丐beg sb. for sth. / beg sb to do

go begging去乞讨beg a favour of sb 乞求帮助307.begin/began/begun v. beginning beginner初学者Well begun, half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。

to begin/start with首先=first of all

in the beginning

at the beginning /end of 在…初/末

begin /start with ←→end with

from the (very ) beginning 从…一开始

308.behave yourself 行为规矩些

309. behaviour n be on one's good behaviour举动规矩310. behind prep from behind the door 从门后

behind time 迟到behind the times 落后于时代311. being n存在,人,生物

come into being = come into existence形成

for the time being 目前

312. belief n.信条,信念

313.believe vt. 相信,认为

believe sb=believe what sb said

believe in sb = trust sb信任

believe sb to have done 相信某人做过了

believe与believe in的区别：

“believe”和“believe in”都有“相信”的意思,但具体含义却不一样。

①“believe”表示“相信(是真实的)”,其英文解释为“to be sure that something is true or that someone is telling the truth”

Do you believe what he said? 你相信他说的话吗？

I don’t believe he’s only 25. 我不相信他才25岁。

②“believe in”表示“相信”时有四个含义：

表示“相信(是诚实的),信任”,其英文解释为“think that someone is honest or will not do anything bad or wrong”:

I believe him, but I don’t believe in him.

我相信他的话,但不信任他这个人。

表示“相信(是能成功的)”,其英文解释为“be confident that som eone will be successful”:

You’ve got to believe in yourself, or you’ll never succeed. 你得相信自己,否则你永远都成功不了。

表示“相信(是存在的)”,其英文解释为“be sure that someone or something exists”：

Do you believe in God? 你相信有上帝吗？

表示“相信(是正确、有作用的)”,其英文解释为“think that something is effective or right”：

Helen believes in jogging for her health.

海伦相信慢跑对她的健康有益。

314.bell n. 钟,铃;钟(铃)声;钟形物

315.belly n.腹部

316.belong vi. 属,附属belong to 属于

317.below prep.在…下方

318.belt n.腰带,传动带

319.bench n.长凳

320.bend/bent/bent v. 弄弯~ over sth. 伏在..上面be bent over..一心想/做

321.beneath prep.在…之下,紧靠…底下

322. beneficial a有利的,有帮助的,有用的

be beneficial to sb 对…有益

323.benefit sb n&v 优势,益处,使…受益

for the benefitj of为了…的有益

benefit sb. benefit from 从…中获益

# bent a.& n.

adj. 弯曲的,决心的；n. 天赋, 爱好

bent on doing,/bent oneself to doing...专注于做事324.beside prep.在…旁边

Your answer is beside the point/ to the point

你的答案不在要点上/在要点上。

besides prep./adv. prep.除…以外(还有)

ad.还有,此外=what’s more,moreover,

in addition,also

B~ English, we study five other subjects.

I don’t like football; ~, the weather is too hot.

326.betray v出卖,背叛,泄露

327.between prep. 在(两者)之间；在……中间

328.beyond prep.在/到.....较远的一边,超出

The beauty of the West Lake is beyond description.

Sorry. This is beyond my power.

beyond my knowledge beyond my understanding beyond my power…

329.bicycle n. 自行车

330. bid v./ n. 出价,投标,向(某人)道别

331. big a. 大的

334. bike = bicycle n. 自行车

335. bill n.账单;法案,议案;(美)钞票,纸币

We had a great dinner and after we finished the meal,the waitress brought our bill.账单

He looked at the bill and sai thanks, thinking she’d given the 20$ by mistake.钞票

336. biochemistry n. 生物化学

337. biography n. 传记

338. biology n. 生物(学)

339. bird n. 鸟

340. birth n. 出生; 诞生

341. birthday n. 生日

342. birthplace n. 出生地;故乡

343. biscuit n. 饼干

344. bit n. 一点,一些,少量的

345. bite (bit, bitten) v. 咬;叮

346. bitter a. 有苦味的;痛苦的,难过的;严酷的

a bitter smile 苦笑a bitter taste 苦味

the bitter winter wind 刺骨寒风

347. black n. 黑色a. 黑色的

348. blackboard n. 黑板

349. blame n.& v. 责备;责怪

be to ~ (for doing sth.)因......而应受责备

~ sb. for doing sth. 因......而责备

Don’t ~ the child for the broken glass.

I wonder who is to ~ for the broken glass.

=I wonder who to ~ for the broken glass.

补充：

I.不能用被动语态的几种情况。

①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。

②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。

③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。

④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。

⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。

⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。

⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock 等。

II.主动形式表被动意义。

①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。The door won’t lock.门锁不上。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。

②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out 等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off.

③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。

④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。

⑤在“be + 形容词+ to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isn’t fit to drink. The girl isn’t easy to get along with.

⑥be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）用主动形式表被动。

350. blank n.a.空格,空白(处);空的;茫然的

351. blanket n. 毛毯,毯子

352. bleed vi. 出血,流血

# bless vt. 保佑,降福

353. blind a. 瞎的

354. block n. 大块；(木、石等)块；街区；路障

vt. 阻塞；阻挡

a block of 一大块walk two blocks 走过两街区"Blocked!" 此路不通！

The street is blocked .此路不通。

The pipe is blocked.管子被塞住了

355. blood n. 血,血液

356. blouse n. 宽罩衫;(妇女,儿童穿的)短上衣

357. blow (blew, blown) v. 吹;刮风;吹气

~ up爆炸~ sth. up把....炸毁

~ ...away把吹走blow down吹倒

blow out 吹灭, 车胎的爆裂

blow out the candle The candle went out

358. blue n. 蓝色a.蓝色的a. 悲伤的;沮丧的

359. board n. 木板；布告牌；委员会;(政府的)部

v. 上(船、火车、飞机)

a chess board 棋盘notice board 布告栏

the board of the company 这个公司的董事会

There are 50 passengers on board . 在船上有50位乘客。360. boat n. 小船,小舟boat--race n. 划船比赛

361. body n. 身体

362. boil v. 沸腾;烧开;煮…

363. bomb n. 炸弹v. 轰炸

364. bond n. & v. 接合;合同,联系

365.bone n. 骨头,骨质(复数bones骨骼;骨骸)

366.bonus n. 津贴,奖金,红利

367.book n. 书;本子v. 预定(房间、车票等) bookcase n. 书橱bookmark n. 书签

bookshelf n. 书架bookshop/ n. bookstore书店

booking office售票处book in = check in登记

用作名词,表示“书”,汉语的“看书”有两层含义。

①表示阅读性地“看书” (即读书),一般用动词read。

He is reading a book in his room.

I’ve read your book with pleasure.

②不是表示阅读性地“看书”,而只是大概地看一看,比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等,或者回答问题时看看书的某些章节或字句等,或者是考试时偷看书本等,此时都不宜用动词read, 而用look at, see等动词。Can I look at those books? 我可以看看那些书吗? Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 请不看书回答我的问题。

Students must not look at their books during exams.

学生考试不准舞弊。

用作动词,意为“预定”,可以用作及物或不及物动词。Seats (for the theatre) can be booked from 9 am to 6 pm. Please book a ticket for London ,please.

You’d better book early for the play.

368.boom n. & v. 繁荣,迅速发展

369.boot n. 长统靴;靴

370.border n. 边缘;边境,国界

371.bored a. 厌烦的,枯燥乏味的

be bored with = be tired of 对…感厌烦

372.boring a. 令人乏味的,无聊的

373.born a. 出生be born 出生于…

①He was born in/of a worker family.

②He was a born poet.他天生就是诗人。

③He was born blind. 他天生就是瞎子

374. borrow v. (向别人)借用;借

375. boss n. 领班;老板

376. botanical a. 植物学的

377. botany n. 植物; 植物学

378. both a. 两;双pron. 两者;双方

379.bother v. 麻烦bother oneself about 为…烦恼Don’t bother yourself about making the dinner for us. 380.bottle n. 瓶子

381.bottom n. 底部;底

from the ~ of one’s heart 发自内心;衷心地from top to ~从顶到底B~ up！干杯！382.bounce n. 弹跳

383.bound v.& n. 跳跃

384.boundary n. 界限,边界

385.bow v.& n. 鞠躬,弯腰行礼;弓

386.bowl n. 碗

387.bowling n. 保龄球

388.box n. 盒子,箱子

389.boxing n. 拳击(运动)

390.boy n. 男孩

391.brain n.大脑brains智力If only I had your ~s! 392.brake n. 闸vi. 刹车

393.branch n. 树枝;分枝;分公司,分店;支部

394.brand n. 商标

395.brave adj. bravely adv. bravery n.

396.bread n. 面包

397.break/broke/broken v. break down出故障;破除break up破坏;解散;开垦

break the law/rule违反法律规则

break away from摆脱;逃脱 break forth/out爆发break off折断;突然中断break into pieces摔碎break a record 打破记录

break one's promise/word食言

break the balance of break into/in 破门而入

take/have a ~ 休息a ten-minute break十分钟休息

at daybreak = at the dawn of the day 在黎明

398.breakfast n. 早餐

399.breakthrough n. 突破

400.breast n. 胸部

401.breath n. hold one’s ~ 屏住呼吸

lose one’s ~上气不接下气(动作)

be out of ~上气不接下气(状态)

breathe v. breathe one’s last死breathless a.气喘吁吁的

# brewery n. 啤酒厂

403.brick n. 砖;砖块

404.bride n. 新娘

405.bridegroom n. 新郎

406.bridge n. 桥

407.brief a. 简洁的

408.bright a. 明亮的;聪明的

409.brilliant a 光辉的,灿烂的,卓越的

410.bring/brought/brought vt.

①bring about 带来,造成；使(船等)掉过头来

The open policy has brought about great changes.

开放政策带来了巨大变革。

What has brought about his illness?他是怎么患病的？The driver brought about his taxi and picked up three passengers.那司机把的士掉过头来载了三个旅客。

②bring back 带回来,拿回来；使回忆起来；使恢复Please bring me back the key to the bicycle.

请单车钥匙带回来(给我)。

His story brought back to them the days when they were in Jinggangshan Mountain.

他的故事使他们回忆起在井冈山的日子。

The doctor brought the patient back to health soon.

不久医生就使这位病人恢复了健康。

Mrs. Webb, 26, is said to be the first woman in Britain to have her hearing brought back by acupuncture.

二十六岁的魏伯夫人据说是英国第一个通过针灸恢复听力的妇女。

③bring down降低,使下降,使倒下

They have already brought down the price of computers of this type.他们已把这种型号计算机的价格降了下来。The company decided to bring down some of the old workshops.公司决定拆掉一些旧厂房。

④bring in 收割(庄稼等)；生产,产出；挣得；引进/来They have brought in a good cotton harvest this year. 他们今年获得了棉花丰收。

The workers brought in a wage of 800 Yuan per month. 工人们每月八百余元工资。

⑤bring out 出版,生产；拿出,取出；说出；使显出,使(意义)明白表达出来

They professor brought out three bottles, and filled them with oil, castor oil and vinegar.

教授拿出了三个瓶子,并装上油、蓖麻油和醋。

The factory brought out a new type of tractor.

这家工厂生产一种新型拖拉机。

He was so excited that he could hardly brought out a thank-you.他激动得连一声“谢谢你”都说不出口。When are you bringing out your daughter? 你什么时候带女儿出来社交？

一个非常好的句子：A good wife can bring out the best qualities in a husband.

⑥bring up抚养,培养,教育,使成长；呕吐；提出Jackie has brought up by his beloved uncle. 杰克是由他那敬爱的叔叔抚养成人的。

This is the place where I was born and brought up.

这就是生我养我的地方。

The woman suddenly fell ill and brought up what she ate. 那妇女突然病例并呕吐不止。

The chairman brought up a problem for discussion

/consideration. 主席提出一个问题供大家讨论/考虑。

⑦bring……to a stop使停止,使停住

The driver brought the Audi car to a sudden stop.

那司机把他的奥迪车突然停下来。

⑧bring……to a close/ an end结束,使完结

At last they brought the Marathon meeting to a close. 他们终于结束了马拉松式的会议。

411.broad adj.宽阔的

412.broadcast/broadcast/broadcast vt.广播

~ sth. live现场直播

Cf. cast/cast/cast forecast/forecast/forecast

# brochure n. 资料(或广告)手册

413.broken a. 弄坏了的

414.broom n. 扫帚

415.brother n. 兄;弟brotherhood n. 兄弟般的关系416.brown n. 褐色,棕色a. 褐色的,棕色的

417.brunch n. 早午饭(晚早饭)

418.brush v. 刷;擦n. 刷子

# Buddhism n. 佛教

419.budget n. 预算

# buffet n. 自助餐

420.build/built/built vt.建造;建设~ ...up建造

build up one's body 强健体魄

421.building n.

422.bunch n. 束,卷,串

# bungalow n. 平房

423.bungalow n. 平房

424.burden n.负担

take up/bear the family burden承担家庭负担

be burdened with 肩负着

relieve the family burden # bureaucratic a. 官僚的

425.bureaucratic a. 官僚的

426.burglar n. 窃贼

427.burn/burnt/burnt v. ~ sth. up烧光

~ sth. to the ground=~ sth down夷为平地

burst vt.爆发;爆炸~ sth. up =blow sth. up炸掉~ into tears/laughter/cheers

~ out crying/laughing/cheering

~ into...闯入

~ forth= ~ out= break forth= break out爆发

429.bury vt.埋葬burial n.葬礼~ sb. alive活埋430.bus n. 公共汽车

431.bush n. 灌木丛,矮树丛

432.business n.工作,职业;职责;生意,交易;事业be on business , be on holiday/vacation/leave 度假

a business of 以…为业

It's none of your business. = Mind your own business. Business is business.公事公办

Business before pleasure.先干正事后娱乐

go to sp. on business到......出差

get (down) to business 开始干正事

433. businessman (pl. businessmen) n.商人(男);

businesswoman(businesswomen)n.商人(女); 444. busy adj. be ~ (in) doing sth.= be busy with sth. 445.but conj. the last line but one倒数第二行

do nothing/anything but do

have no choice but to do

can't (help) but do 不得不…

but for 要不是＋n.＋虚拟从句

But for your help, I wouldn't have succeeded.

not only…but also

not...but... 不是…而是…nothing but 只不过,仅仅

anything but 一点也不

none but 只有He chose none but the best.

and,but,or的用法

and的六点用法：

①表示联合,意为“和”、“又”、“而且”：

We were cold and hungry. 我们饥寒交迫。

I woke up and got out of bed. 我醒了就起床了。

He played the piano and she sang. 他弹钢琴,她唱歌。

②有时用于连接两个相同的词语,表示连续性：

The train ran faster and faster. 火车开得越来越快。

We waited for hours and hours.我们一直等了好几小时。The boys laughed and laughed. 这些孩子笑个不停。注：但有时连接两个相同名词表示不同的质量和种类：

There are dictionaries and dictionaries.

词典很多,有好有坏。

Don’t worry—there are rules and rules.

别担心——规则与规则不一样。

③在口语中用在come, go, run, stay, stop, try 等之后表示目的,大致相当于不定式符号to：

Come and have tea with me. 过来跟我一起喝杯茶。We ought to stop and think. 我们应该停下来想一想。

④有时用在祈使句后,表示结果,意为“那么”：

Work hard and you’ll succeed. 努力干吧,你会成功的。Arrive late once more and you’re fired. 你再迟一次,你就会被开除。

比较：If you work hard, you’ll succeed. 如果你努力干,你会成功的。

⑤有时表示对比(有类似but的意思)：

He is rich, and (yet) leads a modest life. 他很富有,但却过着朴素的生活。

Robert is secretive and David is candid. 罗伯特深藏不露,而戴维则有啥说啥。

⑥用在good, nice, fine 等之后,表示“很”,“挺”：

It’s nice and cool under the tree. 这树下很凉快。

The book is good and expensive. 这本书很贵。

or的用法归纳：

①表示选择,意为“或”“还是”：

Is the radio off or on? 无线电关上了还是开着的? Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜欢茶还是咖啡？

Is he asleep or awake? 他睡着了还是醒着?

Are you going to America by boat or by air? 你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机？

You may go or stay, according as you decide. 是去是留由你自己决定。

Are you from North China or South China? 你是华北人还是华南人?

You can come now or you can meet us there later. 你可以现在来,也可以稍晚和我们在那里碰头。

②表示一种否定的条件,意为“否则”：

Come on, or we’ll be late.快点,否则我们要迟到了。Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 赶快,否则你上学就要迟到了。

Dress warmly, or else you’ll catch cold. 穿暖和点,否则你会感冒的。

Be careful, or you’ll break that vase! 小心,否则你会把那花瓶打碎!

Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down. 过马路要非常小心,要看两边,不然会被车撞倒。

③可表示“要不就是”：

He must be joking, or else he’s mad. 他一定在说笑话,要不就是疯了。

The book must be here, or else you’ve lost it. 这书一定在这儿,要不就是你丢失了。

④用于否定句中代替and。

He was not clever or good-looking.

他不聪明,也长得不好看。

比较：

They sang and danced. 他们既唱歌又跳舞。

They didn't sing or dance.他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。

⑤用于习语

The work is more or less finished. 工作大体上完成了。They consist of 1700 or more tribes. 他们由1700个或更多部族构成。

There’s just one or two details I want to make sure about. 还有一两个细节我想弄清楚。

Either your mother or your father may come with you. 你母亲或是你父亲会陪你去。

but的用法总结：

①连接词或短语

It was a sunny but not very warm day. 那一天天气晴朗,却不太暖和。

He drives not carefully but slowly. 他开车不是很小心,而是开得很慢。

②连接句子

This isn’t a good one but it will answer. 这不太好,但可以将就用。

He looks honest, but actually he’s a rogue. 他看起来很老实,实际他是一个坏蛋。

She has had no answer to him but he gave no answer. 我向他说了早上好,但他没有回应。

The ice remained, but there was no water underneath. 冰还在,但下面却没有水。

Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人正要开始讲话,珍妮先讲了。

At first he was a little shy, but now he acts more natural. 开始时他有些腼腆但现在他表现得很自然了。

There was a little trouble at first, but things were soon quiet. 起初有点小麻烦后来情况就平静了。

③用于句首

But that question doesn’t arise. 但没发生那个问题。But in secret she was delighted. 但她暗中感到高兴。But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么?