初中近义词组辨析

初中近义词组辨析
初中近义词组辨析

1.clothes, cloth, clothing

clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数,cloth指布,为不可数名词clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of

2.family, house, home

home 家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.

3.sound, voice, noise

sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.

4.photo, picture, drawing

photo用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing画的画.

5.population, people

population人口,人数,people具体的人China has a large population.

6.road, street, path, way

road具体的公路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径,way道路,途径

take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.

7.custom, habit

custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接to do,habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.

8.exercise, exercises, practice

exercise运动,锻炼(不可数),exercises练习(可数),practice(反复做的)练习

Practice makes perfect.

9.class, lesson

作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. Lesson 6; class 5.

10.officer, official

officer部队的军官,official政府官员an army officer

11.work, job

二者均指工作。work不可数,job可数 a good job

12.couple, pair

couple主要指人或动物,pair多指由两部分组成的东西a pair of trousers

13.country, nation, state, land

country侧重指版图,疆域,nation指人民,国民,民族,state侧重指政府,政体,land国土,国家The whole nation was sad at the news.

14.police, policeman

police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.

15.problem, question

problem常和困难连系,前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise,question常和疑问连系,多和ask, answer 连用.

16.chick, chicken

二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.17.trip, journey, travel, voyage

travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍长的旅途,voyage指海上航行a three-day trip

18.sport, game

sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;game指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则His favorite sport is swimming.

19.price, prize

price价格,prize奖,奖品,奖金win the first prize, The price is high/low.

20. a number of, the number of

a number of许多,谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目,谓语动词用单数。The number of students is

increasing.

21.in front of, in the front of

in front of范围外的前面,in the front of范围内的前面In the front of the room sits a boy.

22.three of us, the three of us

three of us我们(不止三个)中的三个,the three of us我们三个(就三个人)The three of us---Tom, Jack and

I went to the cinema.

23.by bus, on the bus

by bus表手段,方式,不用冠词,on the bus表范围They went there by bus.

24.next year, the next year

next year将来时间状语,the next year过去将来时间状语

He said he would go abroad the next year.

25.in place of, in the place of

in place of代替,in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.

26. a girl, one girl

a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩Can one girl carry such a big box?

27.the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher

the doctor and teacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师,the doctor and the teacher两个人,一个医生和一个老师the doctor and teacher is

28.in bed, on the bed

in bed卧在床上,on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.

29.in charge of, in the charge of

in charge of管理,负责照料,in the charge of由……照料He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.

30.in class, in the class

in class在课上,in the class在班级里He is the best student in the class.

31. a second, the second

a second又一,再一,the second第…… He won the second prize.

32.it, one

it同一物体,one同类不同一I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.

33.that, this

that指代上文所提到的,this导出下文所要说的I was ill. That's why…

34.none, nothing, no one

none强调有多少,nothing, no one强调有没有,nothing指物,no one指人

--- How many…/How much…? --- None.

35.anyone, any one

anyone指人,不能接of,any one指人物均可,可接of any one of you

36.who, what

who指姓名或关系,what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.

37.what, which

what的选择基础是无限制的,which在一定范围内进行选择

Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?

38.other, another

other后接名词复数,another后接名词单数other students, another student

39.many, much, a lot of

many和可数名词连用,much和不可数名词连用,a lot of可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句I haven't many books.

40.much more…than, many more…than

much more…than后接形容词或不可数名词,many more…than后接可数名词many more people, much more water, much more beautiful

41.no, not

no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water

42.by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself

by oneself单独的,独自的,for oneself为自己,to oneself供自己用的,of oneself 自行的,

自动的The door opened of i t self.

43.at all, after all

at all根本,全然, after all到底,毕竟After all he is a child.

44.tall, high

tall常指人或动物,high常指物体He is tall.

45.fast, quickly

fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快run fast, answer the question quickly

46.healthy, healthful

healthy健康的,健壮的,healthful有益于健康的healthful exercise

47.sleeping, asleep, sleepy

sleeping正在睡觉,asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做表语,sleepy困的,有睡意的

a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.

48.just, very

just表强调时是副词,作状语,very表强调时是形容词,用作定语 the very man, just the man

49.real, true

real真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,true真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合real gold, a true story

50.pleasant, pleased, pleasing

pleasant常用作定语,pleased, pleasing常用作表语,pleased主语常为人,

pleasing主语常为物a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.

51.ill, sick

ill做表语,sick定,表均可a sick boy

52.good, well

good形容词,well副词,但指身体状况是形容词He is well again.

53.quiet, silent, still

quiet安静的,可以发出小的声音,silent不发出声音,但可以动,still完全不动,完全无声响He stand there still. 他站在那儿,一动不动,也不说话。

54.hard, hardly

hard努力,hardly几乎不work hard I can hardly believe i t.

55.almost, nearly

二者均为"几乎,差不多" 和否定词连用用almost almost nobody

https://www.360docs.net/doc/2812226304.html,te, lately

late迟,晚,lately最近,近来I haven't seen him lately.

57.living, alive, live, lively

living, alive, live均为活着的,living定表均可,alive定表均可,定语后置,live只能做定语,lively意为活波的all the living people=all the people alive

58.excited, exci t ing

excited使人兴奋的,exciting令人兴奋的I'm excited. The news is exciting.

59.aloud, loud

aloud出声地,loud大声地read aloud(出声地读)

60.worth, worthy

二者均为值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接to be done, of being done

It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.

61.bad, badly

bad形容词,badly副词,不好,但与need, want, require连用为"很,非常" go bad

I need the book badly.

62.before long, long before

before long不久以后,long before很久以前 not long before = before long

63.quite, rather

quite完全地,相当于completely, rather修饰比较级quite impossible

64.happy, glad

happy高兴,幸福,定表均可,glad高兴,只能做表语a happy girl

65.instead, instead of

instead是副词,放在句首或句末,instead of是介词短语,放在句中

He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.

66.too much, much too

too much 后接不可数名词,much too后接形容词much too heavy

67.raise, rise

raise及物动词,rise不及物动词The sun rises in the east.

68.bring, take, carry, fetch

bring拿来,take带走,carry随身携带,fetch去回这一往返动作fetch a box of chalk

69.spend, take, pay, cost

spend人做主语,花钱,花时间; spend…on sth./in doing sth; take物做主语,花时间;

pay人做主语,花钱,pay for; cost物做主语,花钱

70.join, join in, take part in

join加入某个组织,并成为其中的一员;join in参加小型的活动, join sb. in;

take part in 参加大型的活动He joined the army five years ago.

71.learn, study

learn学习,侧重学习的结果,study学习,侧重学习的过程,研究

study the problem

72.want, hope, wish

want打算,想要,want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望(通常可以实现),hope to do/ hope that… wish希望(通常不能实现)wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.

73.discover, invent, find out

discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西,invent发明本来不存在的物体,

find out发现,查明 At last he found out the truth.

74.answer, reply

answer及物动词,reply不及物动词,后接to reply to the letter

75.leave, leave for

leave离开,leave for前往He left Beijing for Shanghai.

76.rob, steal

rob抢劫rob sb. of sth.,steal偷steal sth. from sb.

77.shoot, shoot at

shoot射死,shoot at瞄准,但不一定射中He shot the bird and it died.

78.drop, fall

drop及物不及物均可,fall不及物动词Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.

79.search, search for

search后接地点,search for后接东西He searched his pocket for money.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/2812226304.html,ed to, be used to

used to过去常常,be used to习惯于,后接sth./doing sth.;被用来,后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early.

81.win, lose, beat

win后接sth.,反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them 82.live on, live by

live on以…为主食,live by靠…谋生live on fish/ live by fishing

83.beat, hit, strike

beat连续性地击打;hit打中,对准打;strike打一下或若干下beat the wings

84.lose, miss

lose失去(具体的物体),错过sth. is lost, lose the chance;miss 想念,错过sth. is missing,

miss the chance

85.care about, care for

care about关心,计较,在乎,一般多用于否定句中;care for关心,照料,喜欢,愿意

He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.

86.catch a cold, have a cold

catch a cold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用,而have a cold可以

She has had a cold for a week.

87.continue, last

二者均为持续,continue主动,被动均可,last只能用主动 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.

88.feed, raise

feed喂养,养活,饲养(to give food to),raise饲养,养育(cause to grow, bring up children)

raise the family

89.go for a doctor, go to a doctor

go for a doctor去请医生,go to a doctor去看病

90.notice, observe, catch sight of

notice注意到,observe观察,仔细地看,catch sight of突然看到 observe the stars

91.look, seem, appear

look指从外表上看,seem指内心的判断,appear指给人以表面的印象appear wise,

look like his father

92.gather, collect

gather把分散的东西集中到一起,collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集 collect stamps

93.die from, die of

die from表示死于(枪)伤,虚弱,过度劳累,饮食过度等,die of表示死于疾病,饥饿,

寒冷,年老,忧愁,失恋等精神因素die of hunger and cold

94.divide, separate

divide把一个整体分成几部分,separate把连在一起的个体分开

divide the apple, separate the houses

95.arrive, get, reach

arrive不及物动词,后接in (大地点),at(小地点),get不及物动词后接to,reach及物动词

arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing

96.grow, plant

grow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去,plant移植,移栽已经长成秧苗的植物

plant the trees, trees are growing

97.manage, try

manage to do设法做成了某事,try to do尽力去做某事但不一定成功

He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.

98.build, put up, set up, found

build一般用语,建成,put up临时搭建,set up建成(内部的设施基本齐全),

found国家或组织的建成put up a tent, set up a school

99.be familiar to, be familiar with

be familiar to某物对某人来说是熟悉的,be familiar with某人熟悉某物

The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book.

100.agree wi t h, agree to, agree on

agree with同意某人,agree to同意某事,agree on在…上达成一致意见,主语是复数agree with you, agree to the plan

101.throw to, throw at

throw to扔到…, throw at朝…扔He throw a stone at me.

102.receive, accept

receive收到某一东西,但不一定接受,accept接受I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.

103.wear, put on, dress

wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时,dress接人,be dressed in, put on表动作

It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.

104.listen, hear

listen强调动作,hear强调结果I listened, but I heard nothing.

105.look, see, watch

look看的动作,see看的结果,watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV

106.lie, lay

lie躺,位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied, lied),lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book

107.hurt, injure, wound

hurt感情上受伤,injure事故中受伤,wound战争中受伤He was wounded in the war.

108.turn, get, grow

turn表突变,后常接表颜色的词,get强调变的结果,grow强调过程,逐渐的变化

turn yellow, get tired, grow big

109.close, shut, turn off

close和shut当关解时可以通用,用于可开合的物体,turn off用于指有开关的物体

Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV.

110.begin, start

begin侧重时间的开始,反义词为end,start侧重由静到动的转折,反义词为stop

Class begins at 7:30a.m.

111.happen, take place

happen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生,take place必然性的发生

Great changes have taken place in my hometown.

112.at, in (表地点)

at小地点,in大地点arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai

113.day after day, day by day

day after day日复一日(无变化);day by day一天天地(有变化)Trees grow taller day by day. 114.like, as

like相似关系,但并不等同,as同一关系,两者实为一体

Don't treat me as a child. (In fact, I'm a child.)

115.after, in (表时间)

after接时间点,in接时间段after 7:00, in five minutes

116.between, among

between两者之间,三者或三者以上两两之间, among三者或三者以上之间

Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.

117.after, behind (表位置)

after强调次序的先后,behind强调物体静态位置的前后There are many trees behind the house. 118.since, for (完成时间状语)

since接点时间或一句话,for接一段时间for three years, since 3:00

119.on the corner, in the corner, at the corner

on the corner物体表面的角上,in the corner物体内部的角落里,

at the corner物体外部的角落上(拐角处)on the corner of the table

120.on earth, on the earth, in the earth

on earth在世上,在人间,到底,究竟,一点也不,on the earth在地上,在地球上,

in the earth在地下,在泥土里 no use on earth

121.in surprise, to one's surprise, by surprise

in surprise惊奇地,to one's surprise使某人吃惊的是,by surprise使…惊慌

The question took the professor by surprise.

122.in the market, on the market

in the market表示场所或地点,在市场上,on the market出售

He sells fish in the market. Fresh vegetables are on the market now.

123.through, across

through穿越空间,across在…上穿过through the forest, across the desert

124.on the way, in the way

on the way在前往…的路上,in the way挡路 The chair is in the way.

125.above, on, over

above在上面,不接触,on在上面,接触,over在正上方fly over the hill

126.until, not…until

until到…为止,not…un til直到…才(常跟点动词连用)I waited until 3:00.

He didn't come until 3:00.

127.besides, except, except for

besides除了…还(包括在内)except除了(不包括在内),

except for整体…除了某一点以外 The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.

128.whether, if

当是否解时,只有在宾语从句中二者可以互换,其余都用whether,当如果解时用if I don't know if/whether he will come. If he comes, I'll let you know.

129.and, or

and并且,or或者,否则,常用于否定句中I don't like apples or bananas.

Hurry up and you'll catch the bus. Hurry up or you'll miss the bus.

130.because, since, as, for

原因由强到弱为:because, since/as, for. 在句中的位置如下:1)…because… 2) Since/as…, …

3) …, for… Since I was ill, I didn't go.

131.when, as, while (表时间)

when从句动词点动词,持续性动词均可,as重在表示动作同时发生,伴随进行,

while从句动词为持续性动词 While I slept, a thief broke in.

132.the same…as, the same…that

the same…as和…一样的(相似但不同一),the same…that 同一物体

This is the same pen that I used yesterday. (同一支笔)

133.as well, as well as

as well也,常放于句末,和and连用表示既…又;as well as并列连词,不但…而且…

He is a professor, and a writer as well.

134.such…as, such…that

such…as像…样的,such…that如此…以至于He is not such a fool as he looks like.

He is such a good student that all the teachers like him.

135.because, because of

because连词,连接两句话,because of介词短语,后接词或短语

He didn't go to school because of his illness.

136.in order that, in order to

表目的,in order that后接句子,in order to后接动词原形

I got up early in order to catch the first bus. I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.

137.for example, such as

for example一般只列举一个,such as列举多个例子

I have been to a lot of American cities, such as New York, Atlanta and Chicago.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/2812226304.html,ed to, would

表过去常常,和现在相对应用used to,不提现在用would

I used to get up early, but now I don't.

139.All right. That's all right. That's right.

All right. That's all right. 当好吧解时,可以替换;当不客气,没关系解时只能用

That's all right. That's right. 那是对的---Sorry. --- That's all right.

140.such…that, so…that

当如此…以至于解时,such…that修饰名词,so…that修饰形容词或副词,

但名词前面如果有many, much, little, few修饰用so…that,不用such that

so many people that… such a lovely boy=so lovely a boy

141.so + be (have, can, do)+主语,neither(nor) + be (have, can, do)+ 主语也一样,肯定用so…否定用nei t her (nor) ---I can't play tennis. ---Nor can I. 142.S hall I…? Will you…?Shall I…? 征求对方意见或向对方请示,意为我能…吗?

Will you…?请求或建议对方做某事,意为你愿意…吗?

Will you help me? Yes, I will.

中考语文常见近义词辨析

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事业单位考试188个近义词辨析

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10 苍茫:多指夜色、水域、大地等旷远、迷茫。引申为模糊不清。 苍莽:多指树林、山岭、大地等广阔无边。引申为意境心胸开阔。 11、长年:一年到头,整年。如“长年积雪”、“长年劳作”。 常年:*终年、常期,如“常年坚持体育活动”。 *平常年份,如“常年产量不过半200斤”。 12、陈规:过时的、不适用的规章制度,如“陈规陋习”。 成规:现行或行之已久的规则、方法,如“墨守成规”。 13、弛缓:放松、缓和,如“紧张的情绪慢慢~~下来。 迟缓:缓慢,与”迅速”相对,如“~ ~地迈着步子”。 14、出身:人的早期经历或身份,如“出身于干部家庭”。 出生:生下来,侧重于自然属性,如“~ ~ 于20世纪初”。 15、处世:指人事交往、参加社会活动,“~ ~稳健”、“为人~ ~”。 处事:办事、处理事务,如“~ ~ 认真,从不马虎”。 16、创建:动词,创立。 创见:名词,独到的见解。 17、醇厚:口味纯正浓厚,亦用于人的品质或风俗,此时同“淳厚”。 淳厚[纯厚]:只指品质风俗质朴敦厚。 18、伺候[ci.hou]:可用于人,不分地位高低;也可用于牲畜等。 侍候:用于对长辈或地位高者。 19、次序:先后顺序。 秩序:有条理、不混乱的情况。 20、窜改:对文本、文件、成语、古籍等的改动。

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9、个别各别 个别:单个,极少数。如“个别现象”、“个别处理”。 各别:各不相同,有分别或特别。如“各别对待”、“形式各别”。 10、甄别鉴别 甄别:审查辨别;考核鉴别。 鉴别:通过仔细观察加以辨别。 11、鉴别辨别 鉴别:侧重于从实际上审定真伪与好坏,使用范围较小,多指具体事物。 辨别:则是根据不同事物的特点,在认识上加以区别,可指具体事物,也可指抽象事物。 12、不力不利 不力:不尽力。如“措施不力”。 不利:没好处,不顺利,如“出师不利”。 13、不止不只 不止: 表示数量茫围超出。 不只:常同“还有”、“甚至”等连用,表示递进关系。 14、不至[不至于] 不致[不致于] 不至[不至于]:不会达到某种程度,如“决不至于不知道”。 不致[不致于]:不会引发某种后果,如“决不致犯错误”。 C 1、苍茫苍莽 苍茫:多指夜色、水域、大地等旷远、迷茫。引申为模糊不清。 苍莽:多指树林、山岭、大地等广阔无边。引申为意境心胸开阔。 2、善于擅长 都指某方面有特长。 “善于”的宾语通常不能是名词或名词性短语; “擅长”则可以,如“擅长水墨、丹青”。 3、成绩成就 成绩:指工作或学习的收获; 成就:指事业上的成绩。后者词义比前者重,往往指重大的收获,适用范围较窄。 4、出身出生 出身:人的早期经历或身份,如“出身于干部家庭”。 出生:生下来,側重于自然属性,如“~ ~ 于20世纪初”。 5、处世处事 处世:泛指在社会上的活动和人际交往,“~ ~稳健”、“为人~ ~”; 处事:指处理事务。如“~ ~ 认真,从不马虎”。 6、创建创见

初中语文常用近义成语辨析(一)

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6胡思乱想:不切实际地瞎想。亦作“胡思乱量”。 痴心妄想:入迷的心思,荒唐的想法。形容一味幻想不切实际的事情。 7重整旗鼓:比喻失败后积聚力量,重新行动。亦作“重振旗鼓”。 卷土重来:卷土,人马奔跑时扬起尘土。形容失败后组织力量,重新猛扑过来。 8呕心沥血:形容费尽心思。 处心积虑:处心,存心。积虑,积久考虑。早已千方百计地谋算。多含贬义。 9粗心大意:做事不细心,马虎。 粗枝大叶:指文字或话语简略概括,也指做事不认真,不细心,马虎大意。 10大张旗鼓:比喻声势和规模很大。 雷厉风行:厉,猛烈。像打雷那样猛烈,像刮风那样迅速比喻政事法令的执行严厉迅速。也比喻行事声势威猛,动作迅速。

11当仁不让:当仁,指面临仁义之事。《论语?卫灵公》:“当仁不让于师。”后泛指遇到应该做的事,积极主动去做,不退让。 义不容辞:指顾全道义而不推辞。 12道貌岸然:道貌,正经严肃的外貌。岸然,高傲威严的样子。形容神态庄重严肃。现常用来形容故作正经,表里不一之状。多含讥讽之意。 一本正经:形容庄重规矩,非常认真(有时带有讽刺的意味)。 13一视同仁:同样看待,不分厚薄。多用于指人。 等量齐观:等,同等。齐,一样。不管事物间的差异,同等看待。多用于指物。 14牢不可破:牢固得不可摧毁,不可动摇。形容异常坚固。 颠扑不破:颠,跌。扑,敲。无论怎样倾跌敲打都不会破损。比喻理论正确,无法驳倒推翻。

小学常用近义词的辨析

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初中常考近义词辨析2(含答案及详解)

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【初中语文】近义词辨析_诗词鉴赏常考表现手法

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迸溅主要用来指流体物质。 4. 【保障】【保证】 社会危害性通过发挥其在刑事立法、刑事司法和刑法解释上的功能,具有______人权的作用。 保障强调保护生命、财产、权力等,使其不受侵犯和破坏;或作名词,指起保障作用的事物。 保证指担保,确保既定的要求和标准不打折扣。 5. 【必须】【必需】 老师教育我们,答应别人的事情一定要做到并做好,如果做不到,______要学会拒绝。 必须副词,表示事理上和情理上的必要,有强调的语气,多作状语。 必需动词,指一定要有的,不可缺少的。 6. 【变换】【变幻】 纵观全球,政治风云______莫测。 变换事物的形式(内容)换成另一种,能带宾语。 变幻事物的形式(内容)不规则或奇异地变化,不能带宾语。 7. 【处事】【处世】 他______十分冷静,好几次都帮我们渡过了难关。 处事处理事务。 处世在社会上活动,与人相处交往。 8.【沉浸】【沉湎】

中学英语近义词辨析200组

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常年:终年、常期,如“常年坚持体育活动”。平常年份,如“常年产量200斤”。 规:过时的、不适用的规章制度,如“规陋习”。 成规:现行或行之已久的规则、方法,如“墨守成规”。 弛缓:放松、缓和,如“紧的情绪慢慢~~下来。 迟缓:缓慢,与”迅速”相对,如“~ ~地迈着步子”。 处世:指人事交往、参加社会活动,“~ 稳健”、“为人~”。 处事:办事、处理事务,如“~ 认真,从不马虎”。 醇厚:口味纯正浓厚;亦用于人的品质或风俗,此时同“淳厚”。 淳厚[纯厚]:只指品质风俗质朴敦厚。 伺候[ci.hou]:可用于人,不分地位高低;也可用于牲畜等。 侍候:用于对长辈或地位高者。 窜改:对文本、文件、成语、古籍等的改动。 篡改:用作伪的手段改动历史、理论、政策等。 度过:用于时间方面。 渡过:用于有水面的空间;难点、危机、困难时期。

初中英语常用近义词组辨析练习

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初中近义词辨析

1. too much / much too 1.The computer is ____ expensive. 2.Stop, Peter. You talked ____. 3.I’ve got ____ work to do. 4.Father, have a rest. You’ve ____ tired today. 5.Hurry up! You have wasted ___ time. 2. holiday/ vacation/ leave/ off 1.Christmas is a ____ for everybody. 2.The children will take their summer __ in half a month. 3.My father is on _____. 4.The manager gave the worker a day _____. 5.I have to ask you for half a day’s _____. 3. close/ shut off/ turn off 1.You’d better ____the motor. It is making too much noise. 2.All the shops are ____ now. 3.She didn’t __ the door and entered the house. 4.He ____ the lights before he left the lab. 5._____ the television, please. 4. instead/ instead of/ without 1.I don’t like this one; please give me that____. 2.He stayed at home studying English ___ going to the cinema. 3.Tom passed by me ___ saying hello to me.

初中常见近义词辨析

初中常见近义词辨析 1暧昧:含糊、不明朗,不光明磊落,不便告人。 暗昧:同“暧昧”。还可表示不聪明,愚昧。 2暴发:突然猛烈的发生或以不正当的手段发财。如山洪、流行病、雪崩。 爆发:由于爆炸而突发或发生重大事变。如战争、火山、革命、大笑。辨正:辨明是非,纠正谬误。如“辨正发音”,可写作“辩正”。 3辨证:辨析考证,如“经学者多方辨证”。亦为中医术语,“辨证医治”。辩证:哲学术语,如“辩证唯物主义”。亦同“辨证”第一义。 4哺养:喂养,使长大。 抚养:抚育、照料并教养。 5不至[不至于]:不会达到某种程度,如“决不至于不知道”。 不致[不致于]:不会引发某种后果,如“决不致犯错误”。 6苍茫:多指夜色、水域、大地等旷远、迷茫。引申为模糊不清。 苍莽:多指树林、山岭、大地等广阔无边。引申为意境心胸开阔。 7长年:一年到头,整年。如“长年积雪”、“长年劳作”。 常年:终年、常期,如“常年坚持体育活动”。平常年份,如“常年产量200斤”。 8陈规:过时的、不适用的规章制度,如“陈规陋习”。 成规:现行或行之已久的规则、方法,如“墨守成规”。 9弛缓:放松、缓和,如“紧张的情绪慢慢~~下来。 迟缓:缓慢,与”迅速”相对,如“~ ~地迈着步子”。 10处世:指人事交往、参加社会活动,“~ 稳健”、“为人~”。 处事:办事、处理事务,如“~ 认真,从不马虎”。 11醇厚:口味纯正浓厚;亦用于人的品质或风俗,此时同“淳厚”。 淳厚[纯厚]:只指品质风俗质朴敦厚。 12伺候[ci.hou]:可用于人,不分地位高低;也可用于牲畜等。 侍候:用于对长辈或地位高者。 13窜改:对文本、文件、成语、古籍等的改动。 篡改:用作伪的手段改动历史、理论、政策等。 渡过:用于有水面的空间;难点、危机、困难时期。 15法制:名词,法律制度。 法治:名词或动词,依法终古治国的思想、方法 16妨害:使受损害。如“妨害健康”、“妨害要表达的义理”。 妨碍:使不能顺利进行,如“妨碍交通”、“妨碍政策的实施”。 17分辩:辩白、解释,如“不由分辩”、“不和你分辩”。 分辨:区分辨别。

初中语文常考40个“近义词辨析”

初中语文40个常考“近义词辨析” 1. 履行、执行 【同】都是动词,都有按规定去做的意思。 【异】“履行”侧重指按事先约定的或规定的去实行,表示“实践(自己答应做的或应该的做的事)”的意思,适用范围较小,搭配对象较少,对象常是带约束性的事物,或双方或多方约定的,如条约、契约、协定、协议、合同、诺言、义务等,通用于书面语和口语,而较多用于书面语。 “执行”侧重指按规定去实行,带有强制性,表示“实施;实行(政策、法律、计划、命令、判决中规定的事项)”的意思,适用范围较大,适用对象萧广,常是上级规定必须做的事情,如命令、任务、法令、判决、纲领、政策、路线、方针、计划、决议、原则、纪律等,通用于书面语和口语。 2. 嘲笑、讥笑、讪笑 【同】都是动词,都是并列式的合成词,都有“因看不起而取笑别人”的意思,都含贬义。近义词有“嘲讽”“嗤笑”“讥讽”“讥刺”等。 【异】“嘲笑”意思是“用言辞笑话对方”,有“戏弄”的意味,侧重于“对对方言行的否定”,语意较轻,适用范围广,既可用于别人,也可用于自己。常用于口语,也可用于书面语。 “讥笑”有“讥讽和嘲笑”之意,侧重于“讽刺、挖苦”,在感情色彩上更带有轻蔑意味,语意比“嘲笑”更为尖刻,适用范围比“嘲笑”窄些,它只能用于对方,常见于书面语,也可用于口语。 “讪笑”就是“讥笑”之意,侧重于“戏弄”,适用范围比“嘲笑”“讥笑”窄,仅用于书面语。 3. 美丽、漂亮 【同】都是形容词,都是并列式的合成词,都表示“人或物好看,令人赏心悦目”的意思,都是褒义词,多用于口语,也可用于书面语。近义词有“好看”“俊俏”“潇洒”“秀丽”“美观”等。 【异】“美丽”着重指“使人看了产生快感的;好看”之意,修辞的对象常常是女性、风光、景物等。 “漂亮”着重指“好看、美观;出色”的意思,修辞的对象男女均可,还可用于动物、服饰、用具、建筑物等。另外,“美丽”有“美好、高尚”的意思,而“漂亮”没有;“漂亮”有“表面好看但不能兑现的东西”之意,而“美丽”没有。 4. 原因、缘故、缘由 【同】都是名词,都是并列式的合成词,都有“事情发生的条件”的意思。这三个词有时可以通用,既可用于口语,也可用于书面语。 【异】“原因”着重指“造成某种结果或引起另一事件发生的条件”,运用范围广,常用于重大的事物,也可用于一般的事物;可用于具体因由的前面,也可用在具体因由的后面。常与“结果”配合使用,运用的场合较郑重。 “缘故”着重指“引起事情发生的因素”,使用范围较“原因”窄,常用于一般事物,并多用在具体的原由之后,常与“因为”配合使用,还可构成“无缘无故”等词组。 “缘由”着重于“发生事情的条件、因素”,一般用在具体结果之后,使用范围比“原因”“缘故”窄。

初中近义词组辨析

1.clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数,cloth指布,为不可数名词clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 2.family, house, home home 家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员. My family is a happy one. 3.sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 4.photo, picture, drawing photo用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing画的画. 5.population, people population人口,人数,people具体的人China has a large population. 6.road, street, path, way road具体的公路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径,way道路,途径 take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum. 7.custom, habit custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接to do,habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot. 8.exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动,锻炼(不可数),exercises练习(可数),practice(反复做的)练习 Practice makes perfect. 9.class, lesson 作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. Lesson 6; class 5. 10.officer, official officer部队的军官,official政府官员an army officer 11.work, job 二者均指工作。work不可数,job可数 a good job 12.couple, pair couple主要指人或动物,pair多指由两部分组成的东西a pair of trousers 13.country, nation, state, land country侧重指版图,疆域,nation指人民,国民,民族,state侧重指政府,政体,land国土,国家The whole nation was sad at the news. 14.police, policeman police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house. 15.problem, question problem常和困难连系,前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise,question常和疑问连系,多和ask, answer 连用. 16.chick, chicken 二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.17.trip, journey, travel, voyage travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍长的旅途,voyage指海上航行a three-day trip 18.sport, game sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;game指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则His favorite sport is swimming. 19.price, prize price价格,prize奖,奖品,奖金win the first prize, The price is high/low. 20. a number of, the number of a number of许多,谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目,谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing. 21.in front of, in the front of in front of范围外的前面,in the front of范围内的前面In the front of the room sits a boy. 22.three of us, the three of us three of us我们(不止三个)中的三个,the three of us我们三个(就三个人)The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema. 23.by bus, on the bus by bus表手段,方式,不用冠词,on the bus表范围They went there by bus. 24.next year, the next year next year将来时间状语,the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year. 25.in place of, in the place of in place of代替,in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one. 26. a girl, one girl a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩Can one girl carry such a big box? 27.the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher the doctor and teacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师,the doctor and the teacher两个人,一个医生和一个老师the doctor and teacher is 28.in bed, on the bed in bed卧在床上,on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed. 29.in charge of, in the charge of in charge of管理,负责照料,in the charge of由……照料He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her. 30.in class, in the class in class在课上,in the class在班级里He is the best student in the class. 31. a second, the second a second又一,再一,the second第…… He won the second prize. 32.it, one it同一物体,one同类不同一I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one. 33.that, this

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