安徽大学-研究生英语-课文summary-and-comment学习资料

上册

Summary of Unit 2(Recession-proofing your career)

in the text, the author firstly tries to tell us that guaranteed jobs have already become history. These days,no matter what our official employment status,we are all temporary workers. But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from change and economic upheaval, by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively. She then suggests some skills.She recommends discovering both your overt and covert talents, making sure that a wide range of positions are available to you, and never committing to any “hot job”which exceeds either your interest or talent. Moreover, you should cultivate and maintain an active network both inside and outside of your profession, to “market” yo urself, to convince the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the job.Finally, always follow work trends.

I am bound to face the work dilemma in the future sooner or later. I quite agree with the author’s opinion. There is no reason for us to stop learning when we are working. The author’s suggestions will help me much in the foreseeable future.

翻译：

在文中，作者首先试图告诉我们，保证工作已经成为历史，如今，不管我们在职场从事的是什么工作，我们都只是临时工。但是你可以学习一些技能来更有效地规划自己的事业，使自己免受变化和经济震荡的影响。她提出一些技能。她建议，发现你的显性和隐性的人才，确保广泛的职位提供给你，决不承诺任何“热门工作”而超过你的兴趣或才能。你应该在自己的行业内外建立和维持一个活跃的人际网络，来“推销”自己，说服雇主，你是最合适的求职者。最后，总是遵循工作趋势。

我迟早要面对这个工作的窘境。我完全同意作者的观点。当我们工作的时候，我们没有理由停止学习。作者的建议将在可预见的将来，我有很多的帮助。

Summary of Unit 3(Lies)

People usually have very negative views regarding lies. Liars are frequently criticized, even cursed. Yet this passage exemplifies a different perspective, one which cruelly reveals the fact that everyone tells lies. We can not live without lying and the lies direct out thoughts and the truth. We need our lies to mask our fear and anxiety about life and death----about the many things we do not understand and control. Lies make us feel superior to other species. Religions abound with myths and tales, which are basically lies that provide human beings with a sense of

safety. People need big lies, because lying disguises our mortality, our inadequacies, our fears and anxieties, our loneliness in the midst of the crowd.

I just agree the author’s views in a certain degree. People say some white lies, but it is moral problems if a person always tells lies . No one would like a man who never speaks the truth. Lies can not make our life, also can not let the world better. Which can make the world better only the more beautiful heart.

翻译：

人们通常对谎言有很消极的看法。骗子经常被批评，甚至被诅咒。然而，这篇文章是一个不同的视角，一个残酷的事实，揭示了永远人都说谎。我们不说谎就无法生存。谎言指导我们的日常思想和行动，构成我们的“现实”。我们需要用谎言掩饰我们对生死，对许许多多我们不能理解、不能控制事物的恐惧和焦虑。谎言让我们感觉到比其他物种更优越，宗教与神话和传说有关，这基本上是为人类提供的安全感。人需要谎言，因为说谎掩盖了人的必死性，缺陷，恐惧，焦虑，以及在熙熙攘攘的人群中所感到的孤独。

我只在一定程度上同意作者的观点，人们会说一些无伤大雅的小谎言，但是如果一个人总是说谎就是品德有问题。没有人会喜欢满嘴胡言的人。谎言无法构成我们的生活，也不会让世界更美好，能让世界更美好的只有更美好的心灵。

下册

Summary of Unit 1(When Goodness Isn’t Good Enough)

In this paper, the author first gives the definition of goodness. Then he suggest that in the modern world, goodness suffer. Because the modern world has broken the limit on the needs to which i can respond. It has broken the limits on the demands that can be made upon me. But it hasn’t broken the limits on my time and my energy. So , we may put on blinders and refuse to recognize the unmet needs within ourselves,in our loved ones,and in the world at large. I need to find a way to live within those limits----shamelessly, guiltlessly, with a sense of well being and self-worth. Finally , the author proposed a new vision of the good life. It’s a vision in which each person finds her or his own special passion, makes that the center of a single open-ended commitment,and says to all other good causes:”this far and no farther.”

I basically agree with the author's point of view. Now society is too busy, and in the care of others, we should first do our own thing.

翻译：

在文中，作者先给出了过去好人的定义。接着，作者提出在现实世界中，好人的日子可不好过。因为现代世界人们对需求的回应似乎没有尽头，对人们的要求也没完没了。而人们的时间精力是有限的。所以对那些我们自己，所爱的人，以及整个社会难以实现的愿望不妨带上眼罩——视而不见。我们需要找到一种方法，使得我们能在“力不从心”的限制中泰然处之——既无羞愧之心，也无负罪之感，怡然自得，知足而乐。最后作者提出了“善良人生”的新观点：那就是每个人先确定自己对哪些事情最有热情，再围绕这些事情制定一项长远目标，然后对其它的伟大事业挥手止步。

我基本同意作者的观点。现在社会太繁忙了，在关心别人之前，我们首先应该做好自己的事情。

Summary of Unit 2(The Pleasures of Ignorance)

In a general sense, ignorance is a derogatory word.But in this article, the author puts forward a different point of view: ignorance also have pleasure.first，he suddenly realized that outside of the range of his immediate experience,and such deductions of cause and effect as seem to be constant when he come into contact with them,he know next to nothing----and that at the end of an elaborate and costly education. Then , he say that his ignorance dose him no harm. In fact , such a premium has our civilization put upon ignorance; he get along very comfortably indeed.

No matter how hard we learn, we can’t learn to the end of knowledge. So we are all ignorant in this sense. Ignorance is not a shame, it is a shame that you do not acknowledge your ignorance.So in my opinion, whether our ignorance is good or bad, our attitude is a crucial factor.

翻译：

在一般意义上，无知是一个贬义词。但是在这篇文章中，作者提出了不同的观点：无知也有乐趣。首先，作者突然意识到：即使接受过系统而又高价的教育，除了自己亲身经历的东西和接触到的这些似乎永恒不变的因果推理，我差不多一无所知。随即，作者说明，我的无知对我来说是无害的。实际上，我们的文明助长了无知的滋生，无知的人实际上过的相当地安逸。

不管我们怎样努力学习，我们都学不到知识的终结。在这个意义上，我们都是无知的。无知不羞愧，羞愧的是不承认自己的无知。所以我在我看来，不管我们的无知是好是坏，我们的态度是一个关键因素。

Summary of Unit 4(Rags to Rags, Riches to Riches)

Most people think that opportunity is the crux of the American idea and if you move to american ,you move up. Bu in this article,the author think that america is any longer a land of opportunity for the people born in there. New immigrants notwithstanding, america is a middle-aged country ,and striving is not a trait of the middle-aged. Incomes are now rising more slowly from generation to generation. It is a false advertise that if you deserve to succeed,you will. Finally, he say that the culture will simply come to accept this un-amercian reality: a society of rigid economic orders, maintained by inheritance,blessed by its elites,and impotently endured by its underclass.

I do not fully agree with the author's point of view, perhaps the U.S. economic growth is slow, but it is undeniable that the first big country, science and technology is very developed, there are many worthy of our study.

翻译：

许多人认为机会是美国思想的核心，如果你移民到美国，你就是在往高处走。但是在这篇文章中，作者说对在当地出生的人来说美国已经不是个机会之乡了。尽管还有新移民不断涌入，但美国已是一个步入中年的国家，而奋进已经不再是中年人的特征。收入的增长速度现在正一代比一代缓慢。如果你有能力获得成功，你就能成功。这其实是虚假广告。最后作者说或者我们的文化会逐步接受这个费美国的现实：这是一个经济秩序死板、靠遗产维持，靠精英支持而下层社会却无奈忍受的社会。

我不完全认同作者的观点，或许美国现在的经济增长缓慢，但它还是不可否认的第一大国，科技十分发达，有许多值得我们学习的地方。

Summary of Unit 5(Teaching Our Children about Evil)

In every language, there is a pair of words expressing good and evil, but what really is good and evil? Moral relativists think that the standards of good and evil are only products of local culture, custom, or prejudice. Someone think evil cannot exist without good, nor good without evil.

We are always taught to do good, not evil, and there are relatively few ways to do good, but there are countless ways to do evil, which is named “Destructive Potentials” and can destroy our

and others’life. The author said there are usually three ways to treat destructive potentials: denial, projection，displacement. To prevent evil, the author of this article argues, we must first know what is truly “evil”, and then find social forces that may activate destructive potentials. On the basis of knowing what’s “evil”, the author offer some hows to teach our children at the end.