高考英语动名词用法详解(21页)

高考英语动名词用法详解

I.动名词

具有名词和动词的特征，可以带有自己的宾语和状语。动名词可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。

1、作主语

表示比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，或表示说话者对所述动作有过经验或多次做过。

Swimming is my favorite sport.

Collecting information is very important to business man. Reading books makes one wise. 读书使人明智。Listening, speaking, reading and writing are the important things you must do in learning a foreign language.

注：动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法以下句型中常用。

It’s no use / no good / useless / not any use /not any good + (sb’s) doing…

It’s no use watching too much TV.

It’s no good talking to him.

It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收）

It is a waste of time + doing …

It's a waste of time trying to talk to her when she is in a bad mood.

It is fun + doing …

It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好

2、作表语

仅限于表示工作、任务等抽象名词表示主语的内涵。

Her job is teaching.

What I hate most is being laughed at.

Teaching is learning. 教学相长。

3、作宾语

表示一般的、抽象的、经常性的行为。

I couldn’t risk missing that train.

They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走，

说个不停。

Jim dislikes eating chocolate.

下列动词后接动名词作宾语

I admitted breaking the window.

We are considering moving to Seattle.

Would you mind opening the window.

Have you finished reading the book?

(1)以上黑体单词可用于“动词+宾语+doing”结构。

I can’t imagine Jessica wearing that dress.

We don’t allow smoking her.

We don’t allow students to smoke here.

I recommend taking a holiday.

I recommend you to taking a holiday.

The window needs /requires /wants cleaning (to be cleaned).

He deserved hanging/ to be hanged.

(4) 在excuse, forgive, pardon后接动名词时，通常在动名词前加上形容词性物主代词，也可接宾格人称代词+for+v-ing.

Forgive my opening your letter by mistake.

Forgive me for opening your letter by mistake.

2. 做介词宾语

(1)用在介词构成的动词短语后：

go on doing, give up doing, feel like doing, think of doing, insist on doing, stick to doing 等。

If you insist on leaving now, please go ahead.

I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.

(2)用在“be + 形容词+ 介词”的结构后

(3)be good at doing, be fond of doing, be afraid of doing, be proud of doing 等。

She is good at describing things or expressing ideas.

I am very proud of being a volunteer in AIDS prevention programs.

(4)用在“及物动词+ 宾语+介词”的结构后

prevent…from doing, keep…from doing, stop…(from) doing, protect…from doing. thank…for doing

Mrs. Brown devoted herself to helping homeless children.

She was praised of doing her homework well.

(5)某些介词构成的短语后，接动名词作宾语。

We returned to the park in the hope of finding her wallet.

(6)常接名词或动名词的带to的介词短语（这些短语中的to不是不定式符号）

动词-ing形式作介词宾语

be afraid of 害怕be fond of 喜

欢

be interested in

对……感兴趣

give up 放

弃

be/get used to 习惯于hear of 听说devote…to…

把……奉献给

succeed in

成功

look forward to 盼望prevent…

from…阻止

spend…(in)

花……做某事

be tired of

厌烦

be engaged in 从事于be good at

擅长于

be sentenced to

被宣判

persist in

坚持

depend on 依靠feel like 想要be proud of

为……自豪

insist on

坚持

set about 开始stop…from…

避免

think of 想到

4、作定语

说明该名词的功用或与之有关的动作。

This is a washing machine.

a smiling face 笑脸 a leading figure 领导人物 a writing desk a smoking room

a walking stick a fighting post

5、动名词的惯用句型：

①主语+ have trouble / difficulty / a problem / a struggle / a good time / fun / headaches+ (in) + 动词-ing形式

Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English?

②主语+ spend time / money+ (in) + 动词-ing形式

I spent two hours (in) writing my composition.

When we arrived we lost no time in finding a hotel.

③主语+ be busy +(in) + 动词-ing形式

They are busy (in) preparing for the examination.

④There is no/no point 结构

There is no + doing 根本不可能

There is no point /not much point + (in) doing “没有意义”

There is no joking about the matter.

There is no telling what will happen.

There is no point arguing with them.

do some/much/a lot of/any + cooking, cleaning, reading, sewing, shopping, washing, sightseeing常接一些表示室内活动的词

go swimming / boating / shopping /climbing / dancing / jogging / sailing / skating / skiing / surfing 常接一些表示运动或休闲的动名词

小试牛刀：

1.________ (play) loud music in public is against the law in the

UK.

2._________ (do) well in an interview will be an important part

of getting a place at university.

3.____________ (kick) a wet football can hurt your foot if you are

not careful.

4.___________ (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do

harm to one’s skin.

5.Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no

use _________ (argue) with him.

6.Something as simple as _________ (drink) some cold water

may clear your mind and relieve pressure.

7.It’s no use ___________ (complain) without taking action.

8.Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to

____________ (set) up some schools for poor children.

9.In some parts of London, missing a bus means

______________ (wait) for another hour.

10.Accustomed to ________________ (climb) the steep mountains,

he had no difficulty reaching the top.

11.All the staff in our company are considering _____________

(go) to the city centre for the fashion show

12.As a new drive, I have to practice ____________ (park) the car

in my small garage again and again.

13.I really appreciate _______________ (have) time to relax with

you on this nice island

14.The president’s ____________ (attend) the meeting himself

gave them a great deal of encouragement.

15.According to a recent U. S. survey, children spent up to 25

hours a week ______________ (watch) TV.

16.He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t

risk ____________ (lose) the good opportunity.

17.Bill suggested ______________ (hold) a meeting on what to do

for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.

18.I had great difficulty ______________ (find) the suitable food

on the menu in that restaurant.

19.I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention

______having been promoted____ (promote) when we talked on the phone.

1.Playing,

2. doing,

3. kicking,

4. being exposed,

5.

arguing, 6. drinking, 7. complaining,

8 Setting, 9 waiting, 10 climbing, 11 going, 12 parking,

13 having, 14 attending, 15 watching, 16 losing, 17

holding, 18 finding, 19 having been promoted.

4）动词-ing的复合结构

形容词性物主代词或名词所有格+ 动词-ing形式，这种结构称为动词-ing形式的复合结构。

在这个结构中，物主代词或名词所有格是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中常作主语或宾语。

Do you mind my smoking?

Your going there will help a lot.

I remember Wei Fang’s going there.

如果不是在句子开头，这个结构常可以用名词的普通格（或人称代词的宾格），这比用所有格更自然些。

I don’t mind Xiao Li (him)going.

Lao Li’s going won’t be of much help. (Lao Li’s going 作主语，因此不能用普通格来替代所有格)

He suggested me staying for lunch.

综合练习：

1. It is no use ____ me not to worry。

A）you tell B）your telling C）for you to have told D）having told

2. I remember ____ to help us if we ever got in trouble。

A）once offering B）him once offering C）him to offer D）to offer him

3. I don’t like ____ at me。

A）them laughing B）their laugh C）them laugh

D）them to have laughed

4. After _________ (leave) his government service as a lawyer, he

created many famous compositions.

5.Living in rooms _______（equip）with air conditioners, many people don't even feel the changes in the season. equipped

6.There were about 90 talks given by authors, with an audience question-and-answer period______(follow) each talk. following

7.With the eyes of the sport now firmly _____(focus) on Asia, I can see several of the world's Top 10 coming from Asia and several more global tournaments hosted there by 2020.focused

8.In 2012 I was found to have developed lung disease．____(believe) my career was over, I felt extremely low．Believing

9.Walking towards the front door we noticed a gentleman ______ (stand) at one side. standing

10.____ _____(go) a little way, we saw before us , at the distance of about half a mile, a very large stone building, with a high wall round it , neither field nor tree near. Having gone / Going 11．For example , plants growing in areas with low rainfall or areas _______(expose) to dry wind require more water. exposed

12. The boy made no response, ______ (sit) there with his mouth hanging open, wide-eyed. sitting

13.Australia, firstly _______ (turn) into a colony by English prisoners, was unlike the United States, and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. turned 14.You can always get your writings ____ (check) by reviewers at Daily Themes before you share it on other channels. checked

15.One night when I walked alone on the beach, I saw the red orange lava (火山岩) _______(pour) out of Kilauea Volcano in the distance. It was time to live my imagination! pouring

16. 评论家有关影响市政建设因素的评论对政府的最终决策有很大的影响。（impact）

17. 现在有越来越多的人认为过分的追求时尚其实是放弃了自己的

选择的自由（argue）

18. 商家制造的一年一度的消费节为老百姓提供了花小钱买高质商

品的机会。(provide)

19. 汉语是世界上最难的语言之一，学习这种语言的人就会很快发现

自己遇到了挑战。(challenge)

1.The critics’comment on the factors influencing the city construction have a great impact on the government’s final decision.

2.Nowdays, an increasing number of people argue that seeking fashion too much is equal to abandoning one’s freedom of choice.

3.The annual spending holiday produced by merchants provides common people with a chance to buy high-quality goods at low prices.

4.Chinese /The Chinese language is one of the most difficult/hardest languages in the world and/so people(who are )learning it/who learn it quickly/soon find themselves challenged/that they soon meet a/the challenge.

背诵内容：

https://www.360docs.net/doc/293151094.html,st year, my total income, with my reward added to, adde

d up to15,000 yuan, which was not in proportion

to what I did.

去年我的总收入，加上奖金，总计为一万五千元，这与我的付出不成正比。

22.These designers are discussing how to double the scale of t he park so that more people can enter and relax themselves at weekends.

设计师们正在讨论如何使公园的规模翻一番以便更多的人可以在周末游园休闲。

23.The retired minister who likes excursion lives alone in a mo untain village, but he doesn’t feel lonely because

he has made friends with his digital camera.

退休的部长喜欢远足，他独自一人住在一个偏僻的山村里，但并不觉得孤独，因为他有数码相机为伴。

24.—David has made so distinct progress in English recently t hat he can speak English fluently.

—So he has, and so have you. Congratulations on being e nrolled in Harvard University.

—最近David英语进步如此之快，他现在能流利地说英语了。

—他确实进步很大，你也是；祝贺你被哈佛大学录用。

25.According to your language ability, we can recommend3 l evels of courses ranging from elementary,

intermediate to advanced.

根据你的语言水平，我们向你推荐3种课程，分别为初级、中级和高级。

26.This respectable expert said he would rather accept a resp ectful student who was not temporarily successful in

his study than a top student who didn’t know how to respe ct others.

这位受人尊敬的专家表示，他宁可招收一名有礼貌但学习上还不太成功的学生，也不接受一个不知如何尊重他人的

优等生。

27.The experts will take the amateur’s advice into account a nd then decide to adopt it or not in the automatic

heating system.

专家们会考虑下这个业余爱好者的建议然后决定是否在自动加热系统中采用这个建议。

28.Electronic games don’t have many effects on adults but af fect students a great deal; therefore, many parents

make efforts to limit their children’s playing time.

电子游戏对成年人影响不大，但是对学生影响很大。所以许多家长努力限制孩子的游戏时间。

29.After seeing plenty of solid evidence, the greedy thief had no alternative but to acknowledge that it was he

that stole the gold watch.

在看见了许多的铁证之后，这个贪婪的贼不得不承认是他偷了金表。30.After the committee declares that the tickets for the concert are available to the public, many people are

willing to wait in a long queue to buy one.

在委员会宣布音乐会门票对公众开放之后，很多人心甘情愿排长队买票。

31.Regardless of his partner’s objection, he still determined t o apply for the position of manager because he knew

how to apply the commercial theory to the reality.

不顾他伙伴的反对，他仍决定申请经理这个岗位，因为他知道如何将商业理论应用到实际中去。

32.By contrast, before signing the contract, this university stud ent didn’t contact his parents but make contact

with his new colleague.

相反，在签署合同之前，这个大学生没有联系他的父母而是联系了他的新同事。

33.He was permitted to practice the piano no more than one hour a day, so he could not play any more than

10 songs.

他被允许每天只练琴1小时，所以他最多只能弹10首歌。

34. A heavy fog resulted in a severe traffic jam and his being late just resulted from the traffic jam.

一场大雾导致了一场严重的交通堵塞，而他的迟到正是因为这场堵塞。

35.This tale is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of bei ng translated, a foreign language researcher said.

这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译，一名外语研究者如是说。36.Not until his mother reminded him of tomorrow’s dictatio n contest was he aware that he had scarcely recited

the words or had any vocabulary drills.

直到他母亲提醒他明天的听写考试，她才意识到他几乎还没背单词做练习。

37.Everybody in the class except Li Ming thinks that the comp osition can get a high mark except for some spelling

and grammatical mistakes.

班里除了李明都认为这篇作文除了一些拼写和语法错误之外，可以获得高分。

38.On hearing the girl struck by a truck has been sent to hos pital by ambulance, many people volunteered to

donate blood and left the message that the driver should b e arrested as soon as possible.

当得知被卡车撞倒的女孩由救护车送往了医院，许多人自发地献血并留言表示肇事司机应该尽早被缉拿归案。

39.The football team got there ahead of schedule so as to ge t familiar with the awful weather and food as soon as possible.

足球队提前到达那里以便尽快熟悉那里糟糕的天气和食物。

40.A number of audience were present in the registration cent er in the morning, the number of whom was 300; nevertheless, the host had forgotten to arrange temporary a ccommodations.

许多听众一早就到注册中心了，（数量）有300人，然而主办方却忘了安排临时住处。