考研英语二(完形填空)-试卷36
考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷36
(总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)
1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
Britain"s private schools are one of its most successful exports. The children of the wealthy 【C1】______to them, whether from China, Nigeria or Russia: the number of foreign pupils rose by 1.4% in the last year alone. 【C2】______foreign students, whether educated in British private schools or elsewhere, are decreasingly likely to go to English universities. According to the Higher Education Funding Council for England, 307,200【C3】______students began their studies in the country in 2012-13, down from 312,000 two years earlier and the first【C4】______in 29 years. Student numbers from the rest of the EU fell—【C5】______a result of the increase in annual tuition【C6】______in England from ￡6,000 a year to ￡9,000. But【C7】______from India and Pakistan declined most sharply. 【C8】______the visa regime for private schools, which is extremely【C9】______(the Home Office counts private schools as favored sponsors), student visas have been tightened. Foreign students used to be allowed to work for up to two years after graduating. They now have only four months to find a job paying upwards of ￡20,600 if they want to stay in Britain. This change was【C10】______to deal with sham colleges that were【C11】______offering two-year work visas. But it seems to have put【C12】______serious students too. Nick Hillman of the Higher Education Policy Institute says the government has sent unclear messages about the sort of immigration it wants to【C13】______. An emphasis on holding down net immigration discourages young Indians and Pakistanis in particular. Australia and America, which have more【C14】
______entry criteria for students, are becoming more favored【C15】______. Colin Riordan, Cardiff University"s vice-chancellor, adds that Britain"s student-visa regime has become more burdensome and complicated【C16】______. As a result, Britain is losing out to other countries in the【C17】______for talent—an odd thing,【C18】______how often the prime minister bangs on about the "global race". Its unwelcoming stand will【C19】______its long-term prospects. And the【C20】______of foreign students from leading British private schools to American colleges may have another, somewhat happier, consequence: America might become rather better at cricket.（分数：40.00）
(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）
A.flock √
B.turn
C.devote
D.keep
解析：解析：冒号后提到单是去年一年，外国小学生的数量就上升了1．4%，可见有大量外国小学生来英国求学。A项flock和to搭配后表示“涌向”，符合语义逻辑。
(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）
A.So
B.And
C.Although
D.Yet √
解析：解析：前文提到外国小学生的数量在增加，本句提到外国学生到英格兰大学就读的可能性日益下降(are decreasingly．．．)，两者间含有转折关系，故选D项Yet。
(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）
A.European
B.overseas √
C.domestic
D.top
解析：解析：从down from 312,000 two years earlier(两年前该数字为312,000)推断，本句仍继续讨论上句所说的外国学生到英格兰大学就读日益下降，此处所讨论的学生仍是外国学生。B项overseas有“海外的，国外的”之意，语义符合。
(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）
A.increase
B.change
C.drop √
D.period
解析：解析：本句提到两年前该数字为312,000，说明现在的数字已经下降。C项drop有“下降”之意，语义符合。
(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）
A.probably √
B.inevitably
C.actually
D.undoubtedly
解析：解析：前半句提到来自欧盟其他国家的学生数量也有所减少．从空格后的a result of(是……的结果)推断，破折号后的内容是对学生数量减少的原因进行分析。A项probably意为“或许，可能”，是一种猜测，符合语义逻辑。
(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）
A.tax
B.system
C.assistance
D.fees √
解析：解析：从句中的from ￡6,000 a year to ￡9,000推断，此处讨论的是学生的学费。D项fees和tuition搭配后表示“学费”，符合语义逻辑。
(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）
A.tourists
B.employees
C.arrivals √
D.pupils
解析：解析：上句提到来自欧盟其他国家的学生数量也有所减少，从本句中的declined most sharply(下降最明显)推断，此处仍是与来自海外的学生有关。C项arrivals有“到来者”之意，语义符合。
(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）
A.In accordance with
B.As a result of
C.By means of
D.In contrast to √
解析：解析：本句出现两种visa，一种是私立学校的，另一种是上文提到的student visas，后者被收紧，由此可见是对两者进行对比。D项In contrast to“与……成对比”正确。
(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）
A.loose √
B.reliable
C.rigid
D.disappointing
解析：解析：括号内提到英国内政部一直把私立学校当成喜爱的赞助商(counts．．．as favored sponsors)，因此内政部对于私立学校的签证制度(visa regime)应是宽松的，与后面所说的学生签证发放被收紧(have been tightened)形成反差，故选A项loose。
(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）
A.allowed
B.intended √
C.scheduled
D.determined
解析：解析：This change指的是前面提到的外国留学生毕业后在英国工作的年限的改变和对年薪的要求。从deal with sham colleges(对付冒牌大学)推断，这是改变的目的，be intended to意为“旨在”，表示目的，故选B项。
(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）
A.in particular
B.in turn
C.in effect √
D.in time
解析：解析：that从句是修饰sham colleges(冒牌大学)的定语从句，表明这些冒牌大学的目的。它们不是为了培养学生而是给那些想利用先前的留学政策来工作挣钱的外国留学生。C项ineffect意为“实际上”。能准确表达出冒牌大学的实际意图。
(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）
A.away
B.forward
C.aside
D.off √
解析：解析：前文提到学生签证被收紧，这意味着很多学生被挡在了门外，从本句的too(也)推断，serious students(认真求学的学生)也一样被挡在了门外。D项off和put搭配后有“阻止”之意，符合语义逻辑。
(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）
A.support
B.interfere
C.restrict √
D.attract
解析：解析：下句提到限制入境移民净数(holding down net immigration)的做法对印度和巴基斯坦的学生影响尤其明显．这是对本句the government做法的进一步说明。可以推断所填动词应与hold down(限制)意思相近，C项restrict“限制”符合。
(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）
A.diversified
B.relaxed √
C.unified
D.strict
解析：解析：空格所在词语位于非限制性定语从句中，用于描述澳大利亚及美国的学生入境标准，主句的表语中的favored一词表明这个标准有利于吸引留学生。B项relaxed表示“宽松的”，语义符合。
(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）
A.directions
B.scenes
C.destinations √
D.parts
解析：解析：此处对比不同国家的签证制度及留学生人数的因果关系。这些国家都是海外学生前往的留学地点，C项destinations意为“目的地”，符合此处的语境。
(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）
A.sometimes
B.partly
C.temporarily
D.overall √
解析：解析：本句的谓语动词adds表明说话人是对上文话题做进一步说明，指出英国留学签证政策相对于先前及上述两个国家政策的对比。D项overall“总的来说”能概括该话题，符合语义逻辑。
(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）
A.contest √
B.demand
C.mood
D.search
解析：解析：本句提到英国正在输给其他国家(is losing out to…)，通常在比赛中才论输赢。A项contest 意为“竞赛”，in the contest for意为“在……竞赛中”。
(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）
A.except
B.given √
C.concerning
D.through
解析：解析：空格后提到英国首相整天把“全球竞赛”挂在嘴边(bangs on)，所以英国输给其他国家就显得奇怪(odd)。B项given有“鉴于，考虑到”之意，可表示原因。
(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）
A.benefit
B.decide
C.harm √
D.delay
解析：解析：本句中Its指代英国，它这种不欢迎的立场(unwelcoming stand)对它发展来说是不利的，因此空格处应填一个带有贬义的词。C项harm“损害”正确。
(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）
A.return
B.distance
C.rise
D.drift √
解析：解析：本句提到外国学生从英国一流的私立学校到美国大学，其中from…to表示位置的移动。D项drift有“转移”之意，语义符合。
Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggests so. The structure of languages【C1】______our judgments and decisions about the future and this might have【C2】______long-term consequences. There has been a lot of research【C3】______how we deal with the future.【C4】______, the famous marshmallow studies of Walter Mischel and colleagues showed that being able to resist【C5】______is predictive of future success. Four-year-old kids were given a marshmallow and were told that【C6】______they do not eat that marshmallow and wait for the experimenter to come back, they will get two marshmallows instead of one. Follow-up studies showed that the kids who were able to wait for the bigger future【C7】______became more successful young adults. Chen"s recent findings suggest that an unlikely【C8】______, language, strongly influences our future-oriented【C9】______Some languages strongly distinguish the present and the future【C10】______other languages can only weakly tell them apart. Chen"s recent research suggests that people who speak languages that weakly distinguish the present and the future are better【C11】______for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to【C12】______their health. The way these people conceive the future is similar【C13】______the way they conceive the present. As a result, the future does
not feel very【C14】______and it is easier for them to act【C15】______their future interests. Chen analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. The analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such as Mandarin, makes people accumulate more retirement【C16】______smoke less, exercise more, and【C17】______be healthier in older age. Language also has an impact on countries" national savings rates. Chen"s research shows that language【C18】______our future-related thoughts. And the research also points at the possibility that the way we talk about the future can shape our mindsets. Language can 【C19】______the future back and forth in our mental space and this might have significant【C20】______on our judgments and decisions.（分数：40.00）
(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）
A.hinders
B.makes
C.guides
D.affects √
解析：解析：文章开头指出新的研究证实我们所说的语言会决定我们未来的健康和富有程度。换句话说，语言会对我们产生影响，D项affects“影响”符合。
(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）
A.indispensable
B.dramatic √
C.fatal
D.direct
解析：解析：上文提到语言能够决定未来我们的健康和富有程度，可见它所产生的长期影响(long-term consequences)是巨大的。B项dramatic“引人注目的”，符合语义。
(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）
A.into √
B.at
C.onto
D.for
解析：解析：本句how we deal with the future是前面research的内容，A项into与research搭配后表示“对……进行的研究、探讨”，后接研究内容。
(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）
A.In addition
B.For example √
C.On average
D.In consequence
解析：解析：上句提到如何应对未来的研究有很多，本句提到著名的“棉花糖实验”，该实验是这些研究中的一个例子，B项For example“例如”正确。
(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）
A.difficulty
B.temptation √
C.attack
D.charm
解析：解析：下句提到四岁的孩子得到一颗棉花糖并被告知不要吃掉，要等待。对于一个孩子来说，手里有糖但是又不能吃，是一种诱惑，B项temptation“诱惑”正确。
(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）
A.since
B.when
C.if √
D.though
解析：解析：实验者给孩子们一颗糖，但他们被告知会得到两颗(will get two marshmallows)，而得到两颗糖的前提是：他们等到实验者回来再吃。C项if意为“如果”，表示条件，指如果他们能等到实验者回来再吃糖就会获得两颗。
(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）
A.reward √
B.chance
C.pay
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2a12959988.html,pensation
解析：解析：句中的be able to wait for说明有些孩子能抵制诱惑得到两颗糖，所需的词语要能体现这两颗糖的价值。比起只得到一颗糖对孩子们来说这是更大的奖励，A项reward意为“奖励，奖赏”，符合此处的语境。
(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）
A.result
B.factor √
C.talent
D.fact
解析：解析：文章开头提到Chen的研究表明语言会对我们将来造成影响。空格处所填单词应与language 构成同位语，其语义能涵盖语言。B项factor意为“因素，要素”，说明语言是影响人们的一个因素。
(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）
A.emotion
B.schedule
C.behavior √
D.idea
解析：解析：本段下文提到陈的研究显示：语言和财富积累(wealth)、健康(health)及认知(conceive)都有关系，并且能影响到他们的行为(it is easier for them to act)。C项behavior意为“行为，举止”，代入后语义符合。
(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）
A.although
B.or
C.so
D.while √
解析：解析：空格前提到一些语言中表示现在和未来的说法区别明显(strongly distinguish thepresent and the future)，空格后又谈到其他语言很难区分这种差别(can only weakly tellthem apart)，前后是对比关系。D项while“然而”表示对比。
(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）
A.prepared √
B.trained
C.understood
D.satisfied
解析：解析：下句提到使用区分现在和未来不明显的语言的人积累更多的财富(accumulate morewealth)，可以推断这类人对未来的准备更充分。A项prepared意为“准备好的”，符合此处的语境。
(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）
A.check
B.predict
C.maintain √
D.desire
解析：解析：从本句的前半句They accumulate more wealth推断，and后面提到的health也应是好的方面；下文也提到使用不带有强制性标记“未来”的语言的人吸烟少、运动多，可以推断这样的人身体更健康。C项maintain意为“保持”，符合语义逻辑。
(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）
A.with
B.as
C.to √
D.in
解析：解析：此处提到的these people指代的是前文提到的使用区分现在和未来不明显的语言的人，对于现在和未来他们没有感觉到明显的差别。be similar to是固定搭配，表示“与……相似”，即这些人构想未来的方式和他们看待现在的方式类似，故选C项。
(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）
A.close
B.uncertain
C.real
D.distant √
解析：解析：在没有感觉到现在和未来明显的差别的人眼里，未来就如同现在，不存在远近之说。D项distant“遥远的”代入后表示他们觉得未来并不遥远。
(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）
A.at the cost of
B.in accordance with √
C.with respect to
D.in contrast to
解析：解析：上文提到使用区分现在和未来不明显的语言的人在很多方面都更出色，因此可判断空格处想表达的是这些人更容易根据将来的利益去行动。B项in accordance with“根据；与……一致”，符合句意。
(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）
A.assets √
B.souvenirs
C.benefits
D.allowances
解析：解析：空格处所需的名词与retirement搭配，与后面的内容并列，都是表现出使用区分现在和未来不明显的语言的人的优势。A项assets有“资产，财产”之意，retirement assets指“退休资产”。
(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2a12959988.html,tely
B.scarcely
C.generally √
D.definitely
解析：解析：吸烟少、锻炼多的人通常身体会较好，都是从整体上来进行阐述。C项generally意为“通常地，普遍地”，符合语义。
(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）
A.emphasizes
B.conveys
C.undermines
D.structures √
解析：解析：文章开头提到研究表明语言能决定(determine)人们的健康和财富状况，最后一段第二句提到陈的研究也指出了谈论未来的方式能塑造(shape)我们心态的可能性。从also可推断该句与本句所说的内容应相关，下句中提到的mindsets和本句的thoughts都是指精神方面，可以推断空格处所填单词应与determine和shape属于同一语义范畴，D项structure有“构建”之意，语义符合。
(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）
A.sway
B.spot
C.predict
D.move √
解析：解析：文章谈论的是语言对人们未来的影响。空格所在部分表明的是语言使未来在我们的头脑中的变化。D项move与back and forth搭配，表示“来回穿梭”，可以表明语言在头脑中的状态。
(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）
A.differences
B.influences √
C.setbacks
D.changes
解析：解析：本句承接上文继续讨论语言对人们造成的影响，宾语our judgments and decisions为造成的影响的组成部分，因此B项influenc es“影响”能将其语义包含在内。
2019年考研英语(二)真题及答案解析
2019年考研英语（二）真题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word （s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points） Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost. For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. 1.[A]Besides [B]Therefore [C]Otherwise [D]However 【答案】[C] However 【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。首段提出文章中心：定期称量自己是一种解任何显著的的体重波动的好方法。空格所在句指出：____，如果太频繁，这种习惯有时会造成损害。前文wonderful way（好方法）与后文hurt（损害）形成转折关系，故填入however（然而）。另外，however也是考研完形填空中的高频词。其他选项：therefore（因此），otherwise （否则）和besides（此外）此处不符合语境，故正确答案为[C] However。 2.[A]helps [B]cares [C]warns [D]reduces 【答案】[D] helps
2021考研英语新题型：熟词生义解析(2)
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