2014年12月大学英语六级考试备考资料《阅读理解》答题技巧

2014年12月大学英语六级考试备考资料《阅读理解》答题技巧
2014年12月大学英语六级考试备考资料《阅读理解》答题技巧

2014年12月大学英语六级考试备考资料《阅读理解》答题技巧

需要指出的是,在一篇文章的阅读过程中,我们要根据不同的要求采用不同的阅读方法。总的来说,在正式考试中,阅读理解部分可参照下列步骤进行。首先用“快读”的方法浏览全文,以了解中心思想及大意。在此基础上,可根据要回答的问题,用“查读”的方法,或(查到文章中与答题内容有关的范围后)用“细读”的方法,来确定答案。回答问题时,可在文章中划出关键词句,以此作为答题的依据。全部问题答完之后,如时间允许,可再快读一遍全文,核实一下所确定的答题的答案是否符合全文的精神。

1. 快读(Skimming)

快读的目的是用浏览全文的方法了解文章的大意和主题思想,并对文章的结构有个总的概念。顾名思义,快读时,速度要快。一般地说,250字左右的短文要求在二、三分钟内看完。快读时精力必须十分集中,不必去记忆细节;遇到个别生词及难懂的词句,均应略过,以求对全文总体意思的了解。为了更好地抓住全文的中心思想,在快读时要留心文章中某些反复出现的词语,这些往往与文章的主题有关。快读时,还应特别注意文章的开始段和结束段以及文章中每一段的段首句和结尾句,因为它们往往是对文章内容最好的概括。

2. 查读(Scanning)

查读的目的主要是为了寻找文章中某些特定的信息。在查读时,目光要自上而下、一目数行地寻视与答题内容相关的词句,与此无关的内容要很快掠过。当回答有关who, when, where等文章细节问题的时候,用此方法我们一般都可很快找到答案,可以说“一查即得”。但是有些与文章细节有关的问题如:why, how等难以找到现成的回答,这时首先需要通过查读,找到文中与答题内容相关的范围,然后再用下面要讨论的“细读”方法,方可得出准确的答案。

3. 细读(Reading for full understanding)

找到文章中的有关范围以后,即在此范围内逐句阅读,特别对关键词、句要仔细琢磨,以便对其有较深刻、较准确的理解和掌握。不仅要理解其字面意思而且要通过推理和判断,弄清文章中“字里行间”所隐含的意思。在细读中,对没有学过的生词,可根

据上下文或自己的背景知识等来推测其意义,对难以看懂的长句,可借助语法手段,对其加以分析,以达到透彻的理解。

(一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有:must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very, completely, none, hardly 等。

(二)选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有:can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数),more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily等。

(三)选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项,而同义替换的一般是选项。

(四)较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的,选项一般是答案项。

(五)选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的(字面意思)一般不是答案项,而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。

四级阅读——应试策略

主旨题

一、关于主题思想(Subject Matter)

Subject Matter(SM中心思想)是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容,是贯穿全文的核心。作者在文章中努力通过各种Supporting Details来阐明中心议题。因此,把握主要思想对于全文理解具有重要意义。主旨题类常被列为5题之首。然而,如何找出主题常使考生倍感棘手。因为他们总希望通过某个词或某句话就能找到答案,而找主题往往需要通读全文后才能作出判断。

针对SM问题,应采用快速阅读法(Skimming)浏览全文,理解文章主旨大意,阅读时要注意抓住中心思想的句子在文章中的位置也不同,但阅读时,文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要,因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题(SM)。

根据问题内容的不同,这类问题可分杰主题型、标题型和目的型。主题型一目了然就是找中心(Main Idea);标题型是为文章选择标题(Title);目的型就是推断作者的写作意图(Purpose)。这类题常见的命题方式有:

(1) What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?

(2) What does this passage mainly (primarily)concerned ?

(3) The main theme of this passage is ___________.

(4) The main point of the passage is__________.

(5) Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?

(6) The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is ___________. (7) On which of the following subject would the passage most likely be found in a textbook ?

(8) Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?

(9) The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _________.

(10)The author writes this passage to________.

二、解题步骤

A.找出主题句主题句大多数情况下出现在比较重要的位置,如文章的开头或结尾,如果一篇文章包括多个段落,一般来说每个自然段的首句也是主题句。文章主题句之外的其他内容一般都是对主题句加以解释、补充说明或列举事实等。

主题型例文1(2002年6月阅读部分第二篇)

B.概括和归纳出主题思想在阅读理解中有的文章是没有主题句的。这是由于文章体裁的原因,或是由于短文是节选的。这时就要靠应试者自己进行概括或归纳隐含的主题思想了。概括主题可以从归纳每段的要点开始(大部分文章都是由数段组成),最后将各段要点集中概括并归纳出全文的主题思想,也可用排除法解题或加以验证。

主题型例文2 (2002年6月阅读部分第3篇)

目的型例文(2000年6月阅读部分第三篇)

态度类问题(Attitude)

阅读理解的最后一题常常提问在作者对文章中某一问题的态度(Attitude)、全文的基调(Tone)、文章的出处(Source)及对文章前后接续内容的判断等。

关于态度或基调(Attitude/Tone)类题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手,一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在议论文中,作者的观点才会显得多种多样,常见的选项有:

(1) positive(积极的)(2) negative(消极的)(3) neutral(中立的)(4) approval (赞成的)(5) disapproval(不赞成的)(6) indifferent(漠不关心的)(7) sarcastic (讽刺的)

(8) critical(批评的)(9) optimistic(乐观的)(10) pessimistic(悲观的)

下面是这类问题常见的几种提问方式:

(1) What's the writer's attitude to …?(2) What's the tone of the passage?(3) The author's view is _______(4) The writer's attitude of .this passage is apparently _________-

(5) The author suggests that _________(6) According to author __________

有的文章中,作者观点明确,文章基调清楚,而有的文章中,作者仅仅暗示对某一问题的态度和观点,需要阅读时仔细琢磨。解答这类问题时,首先应请注意篇章中起连接手段作用的那些词语;其次应注意有些表明作者观点词汇,如形容词、动词等。

对文章的出处及文章前后接续内容判断等可从全篇着手,从个别句子或词汇找线索进行判断。态度类问题例文(2002年12月阅读理解第三篇)

细节类问题(Supporting Details)

细节性问题是关于Supporting Details类的问题,通过Skimming找出主题后,应进一步掌握阐述和发展主题的主要事实,或按要求找出特定细节。在回答此类问题时,应采用查读法(Scanning),因为这些具体内容(Detai1s是用来说明、论证或分析文章中心的。这类题目常以"WH-"形式来提问,如who, what, when, where, why及how等形式。这些问题的表达常不采用文章中的原话提问,而是使用同义词语等,因此,在选择答案前应首先看准题于,看清问题所问;然后,在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语;最后,在充分理解原文、原题的基础上确定正确答案。

当然,这类细节性问题所涉及的面是很广的。有的涉及数字计算,如问时间、距离、次数、数量等,认真计算后方可选定正确答案;有的涉及正误判断,要先看选项,根据选项提供的线索,寻视文中相应部分,最后在题中选出肯定答案;还有的寻问事实、原因、结果、目的等。总之,做细节题切忌通过自己对某类知识的主观了解和认识做出想像判断,一定要紧扣文章内容,不可随心所欲。

细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种:

(1) Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?

(2) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

(3) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?

(4) The author mentions all of the following except . . .

(5) The reason for . . .is . . .

(6) The author states that . . .

(7) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) ...

细节类问题例文(2002年12月阅读理解第一篇)

推理性问题(Inference)

推理性问题与细节性问题相似,也是对文章具体内容的判断。但推理不但要求掌握文章所表达的字面含义,还要掌握一定的逻辑判断能力及写作技巧知识,从文章表面推出更深层含义,这部分往往出题分量大,难度大,出错也最多,归根结底还是对文章内容没有做到真正的理解和掌握。

文字表面往往没有明显反映作者的全部意图,有些含义需要读者从字里行间去体会,靠自己的逻辑推理能力去判断,从上下文的联贯及文中有关部分的暗示去明析作者隐含的意思。这类问题的命题方式有:Example 1(见上文2002年12月阅读理解第一篇)

(1)The writer implies but not directly states that__________-.

(2) It can be inferred from the passage that_________.

(3) The author strongly suggests that__________ .

(4) It can be concluded from the passage that________.

(5) The passage is intended to__________ .

(6)The writer indicates that__________ .

1. 出题方式:

1)因果关系:推理题中最常见的是因果关系,即要求考生根据目前的结果推导其原因,或根据现在的原因推导其最有可能的结果。

2)逆向思维:推理题的一个最常用的出题方式就是逆向思维,也就是反向推理。例如: (1)Young people are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things.逆向思维:Older people are social climbers with devotion to material things.

(2)Nothing could have been more annoying than this. 逆向思维:This is the

most annoying thing in the world.

3)变换视角:变换视角(change of perspective)是指换个角度看问题,要求考生站在另一种立场上思考和判断。

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写给大学英语六级考生的备考经验(上) 听力是很多同学头疼的一块,我发现很多同学四六级差一点但没过都是卡在听力上的。很多人认为听力很难,因此平时就放弃听力的提高机会,想从其他方面多提高一点,其实我觉得这是一个很大的误区。真正说难提高的我觉得是阅读,我觉得除了掌握正确阅读技巧之外,长期的训练才会有好的效果,阅读的提高没大家想的那么容易。综合部分主要考查词汇的运用,我觉得六级考试最难考的部分就是它了,虽然有的人把六级词汇背个两三遍,但不见得在这方面能拿好分数,这部分对词汇的要求实在有些过高,有些选项很牵强。从性价比角度上说我觉得在这里浪费那么多时间和精力是不值得的。 我希望大家从心理上消除听力难得障碍,而且对于一个想把英语学好的人来说,听力的能力是很重要的。六级英语的听力一点都不难。 听力差主要有几方面的原因。一是语音不过关,很多人背单词不记忆读音,听力的时候就不知道自己听的是哪个词,自然听不好。或者有的同学发音不标准,都是造成听到单词没反应的原因,对这些同学,应该纠正自己的读音。星火式的词汇书是有配套磁带的,建议跟读。第二个原因就是不适应听力的语境,听得太少。其实四六级听力考来考去那些段子都是在生活和校园里经常出现的对话,

大家可以通过看历年真题的听力文字多熟悉题目,你看多了就会发现做起题来简单很多。这就是为什么我们读过或背过的文字再去听一般都能听懂。第三个原因是对文化背景和常用短语的不熟悉,造成理解上的障碍。英文口语中有很多口语化的词汇是我们平时读课本没见过的,但是在听力段子里经常出现。所以我们只能积极一点,材料的获得如果你懒,就多搜集历年真题,把里面出现的你不懂得和出现频率高的短语和口语化词汇句型专门写出来,也就一两张纸吧。对于文化背景,有可能就尽可能多了解,但在考试的时候最多影响你一两道题,不是太可怕。 当你找到自己听力差的原因的时候,对症下药,一般来说都会有很大提高的。而且一般说来,你现在的听力水平越差,你能提高进步的幅度就越大。可以让你的成绩上一大个台阶。所以一定要对自己有信心! 如何解决听力问题呢?我觉得要提高英语水平,不管是哪方面的,都要精泛结合。所谓的精泛结合就是在认真研究如何提高英语能力(——所谓的精)的同时通过大量的训练(泛)巩固提高,从而达到最好的效果。有的人总是一天到晚拿个耳机在听,但始终没设么提高,反而养成了一听力就困的坏习惯。对于听力基础不太好的同学,我的建议是先多精听。精到什么程度呢?我觉得有一个特别有效的方法就是你抽两三套历年真题,拿着随身听和纸笔,把题

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