考研英语词汇,带例句21

guy2/ ga?; ɡa?/ n (infml 口)

man 男人; 家伙; 小伙子: He's a great guy. 他是个了不起的小伙子. * the guys at the office 办公室的男同事

gym/ d??m; d??m/ n (infml 口)

[C] gymnasium 体育馆; 健身房: exercises in the gym在健身房的锻炼.

habitat/ ?h?b?t?t; ˋh?b??t?t/

n natural environment of an animal or a plant; home （动物或植物的）自然环境; 栖息地: This creature's (natural) habitat is the jungle. 这种动物的（天然）栖息地是丛林.

hail1/ he?l; hel/ n

[U] frozen rain falling in a shower 雹; 冰雹.

hail v

1. [I] fall as hail in a shower 下雹: It is hailing. 正在下雹.

2.[Tn] call to (a person or ship) in order to attract attention 招呼（人或船）: within `hailing distance, ie close enough to be hailed 在可以招呼的距离内. An old friend hailed me on the other side of the street.

[Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sth enthusiastically acknowledge sb/sth as sth 热情地承认某人

[某事物]为...: crowds hailing him as king, as a hero 拥他为王﹑赞他为英雄的群众

halt/ h??lt; h?lt/

n [sing] temporary stop; interruption of progress 暂停; 停顿: Work was brought/came to a halt when the machine broke down. 机器出了毛病, 工作便停顿下来.

halt

v[I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) stop temporarily （使某人[某事物]）暂停: Platoon, halt! 全排注意, 立定! * The officer halted his troops for a rest. 军官下令部队停下来休息.

hamper2/ ?h?mp?(r); ˋh?mp?/

v [Tn] prevent the free movement or activity of (sb); hinder (sb/sth) 束缚（某人）; 妨碍（某人[某事物]）: Our progress was hampered by the bad weather. 我们前进时受到了恶劣天气的阻碍.

handful hand·ful /?h?ndful/n

[C]an amount that you can hold in your hand 一把

a handful of The boy picked up a handful of stones and started throwing them at us.

a handful of sth 少数 a very small number of people or things

There were only a handful of people there.

handicap/ ?h?nd?k?p; ˋh?nd??k?p/

n thing that makes progress or success difficult 不利的因素; 障碍.

Not speaking the language is a real handicap.

physical or mental disability 生理上或智力上的缺陷; 残疾; 智力低下:

Deafness can be a serious handicap. 耳聋有时算是严重的缺陷.

handicap v (-pp-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] give or be a disadvantage to (sb) 对（某人）设置不利条件; 被施加不利条件: be handicapped by a lack of education因文化水平低而吃亏.

handwriting/?h?nd?ra?t??/n[U]

the style of someone's writing 笔迹，书法

I recognised her handwriting on the envelope. / ?env?l?up/ n信封

handy/ ?h?nd?; ˋh?nd?/ adj (-ier, -iest)

(of gadgets, etc) convenient to handle or use; useful （指小器具等）便於拿取的, 便於

使用的, 有用的: A good tool-box is a handy thing to have in the house. 家里有一个好的工具箱就方便多了.

[pred 作表语] conveniently placed for being reached or used 近便; 便当:

Our flat is very handy for the schools. 我们的住所离学校很近, 非常方便.

Always keep a first-aid kit handy. 手边要经常有个急救箱.

harassment/?h?r?sm?nt, h??r?sm?nt/n[U] 骚扰，扰乱

when someone behaves in an unpleasant or threatening way towards you African-Americans have been complaining about police harassment for years.

sexual/racial harassment

harbour(US harbor) / ?hɑ?b?(r); ˋhɑrb?/

n [C, U]place of shelter for ships 港; 港口; 港湾: Several boats lay at anchor in the harbour. 港湾里停泊着几只船. (fig 比喻) place of safety or shelter 避难处; 庇护所.

[Tn] give shelter to (a criminal, etc); protect; conceal 庇护（罪犯等）; 保护; 藏匿: be convicted of harbouring a wanted man 因窝藏被通缉者而被定罪* Dirt harbours germs. 污垢中藏有病菌.

hardship/ ?hɑ?d??p; ˋhɑrd??p/ n

[U] severe suffering or discomfort; privation 苦难; 困苦; 贫困: bear/suffergreat

hardship遭受[经受]巨大的苦难.

[C] circumstance causing this 艰难情况: During the war we suffered many hardships.

hardware/?hɑ?dwe? US ?hɑ?rdwer/n[U]

computer machinery and equipment, as opposed to the programs that make computers work 硬件computer hardware

equipment and tools for your home and garden 五金hardware stores

harm/ hɑ?m; hɑrm/

[U] damage; injury 损害; 伤害: He meant no harm, ie did not intend to hurt or upset anyone. 他并无恶意. * A few late nights never did anyone any harm.

v [Tn] cause harm to (sb/sth) 损害或伤害（某人[某事物]）: an event which has harmed relations between the two countries 危及两国关系的事件

harmony/ ?hɑ?m?n?; ˋhɑrm?n?/

n [U] agreement (of feelings, interests, opinions, etc) （感情﹑兴趣﹑意见等）相符,

一致: working towards harmony in international affairs致力使国际事务协调一致. [C, U] (instance of a) pleasing combination of related things 协调; 匀称: the harmony

of colour in nature 自然界色彩的协调* The designer's aim is to produce a harmony of shape and texture. 设计者的目标是要使外观与材料的特性两者统一起来.

(idm 习语) in harmony (with sb/sth)agreeing; matching 协调一致; 相配: live together in perfect harmony, ie peacefully and happily 住在一起十分融洽*

His tastes are in harmony with mine. 他的爱好与我的相同.

harness/ ?hɑ?n?s; ˋhɑrn?s/ v

[Tn] control and use (a natural force) to produce electrical power, etc 控制及利用（自然界的力量）以产生电能等: harness a river, a waterfall, the sun's rays as a source of energy 利用河水﹑瀑布﹑太阳光作为能源.

harsh/ hɑ??; hɑr?/ adj (-er, -est)

~ (to sb/sth)unpleasantly rough or sharp, esp to the senses 粗糙而使人不舒服的;

（尤指）刺激人感官的: a harsh texture, voice, light, colour 毛糙的织物﹑刺耳的声音﹑刺目的光线﹑耀眼的颜色* be harsh to the ear/eye/touch刺耳[刺目/扎手].

stern; cruel; severe 严酷的; 无情的; 严厉的: a harsh judge, judgement, punishment

haste/ he?st; hest/ n

[U] quickness of movement; hurry 急忙; 匆忙: Why all the haste?为什麽这麽匆忙?

(idm 习语) in haste quickly 匆忙地

hasty/ ?he?st?; ˋhest?/ adj (-ier, -iest)

(a)said, made or done quickly or too quickly; hurried 急急忙忙的; 过於匆忙的; 仓促完成的: a hasty departure, meal, farewell匆匆忙忙的离去﹑用餐﹑告别[usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (in doing sth/to do sth)(of a person) acting quickly; too fast （指人）仓促从事, 草率: You shouldn't be too hasty in deciding to get married.

hatch1/ h?t?; h?t?/

n (a) opening in a door, floor or ceiling （门﹑地板或天花板上的）开口.

（b）door in an aircraft or a spacecraft （飞机或宇宙飞船上的）舱门.

v [I, Ip] ~ (out)(a) (of a young bird or fish, etc) emerge from an egg （指小鸟﹑小

鱼等）（从卵中）孵出: The chicks have hatched(`out). 小鸡孵出来了.

[Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) cause (sth) to emerge from an egg 孵出（某物）:

The hen hatches (out) her young by sitting on the eggs. 母鸡伏在蛋上孵小鸡.

[Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/up) think out and produce (a plot, plan, etc) 策划（阴谋）; :

What mischief are those children hatching (`up)? /?m?st??f; ˋm?st??f/ n 恶作剧

hatred/ ?he?tr?d; ˋhetr?d/ n [U]

~ (for/of sb/sth)very strong dislike; hate 仇恨; 憎恨: feel hatred for the enemy 对敌人怀着仇恨* He looked at me with hatred.

haul/ h??l; h?l/ v

[I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] pull or drag (sth) with effort or force 用力拖或拉（某物）: haul a car out of the mud 把小汽车从烂泥里拽出来* They hauled the boat up the beach.

hazard/ ?h?z?d; ˋh?z?d/

n ~ (to sb/sth)(thing that can cause) danger; risk 危险; 有危险的事物; 风险: Smoking is a serious health hazard. 吸烟严重危及健康. * Wet roads are a hazard to drivers.

v [Tn] expose (sth) to danger; risk 使（某事物）遭受危险; 使...冒风险: Rock-climbers are hazarding their lives. 岩石上的攀登者在冒生命的危险.

heading/ ?hed??; ˋh?d??/ n

word or words put at the top of a page, section of a book, etc as a title （书籍等篇页﹑章节上端的）标题.

headline1/?hedla?n/n[C]

the title of a newspaper report, which is printed in large letters above the report头条新闻

a paper carrying the front-page headline: 'Space Aliens meet with President' headquarters/?hed?kw??t?z,/n abbreviation HQ plural headquarters[C]

the main building or offices used by a large company or organization

the headquarters of the United Nations

heal/ hi?l; hil/ v

[I, Ip, Tn] ~ (over/up)(cause sth to) become healthy again （使某物）康复: The wound healed slowly. 伤口愈合得很慢. * The wound is not yet healed, ie has not yet been covered by new skin. 伤口尚未愈合（尚未长出新皮）.

heap/ hi?p; hip/ n

number of things or mass of material lying piled up 堆: a heap of books, sand, rubbish

一堆书﹑沙﹑垃圾* clothes left in heaps on the ground 丢弃在地上的一堆堆的衣服heaps[pl] ~ (of sth)(infml 口) great number or amount; plenty 大量; 许多: We have

heaps of time. 我们有很多时间. * She's been there heaps of times. 她去过那里许多次了. v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up)put (things) in a pile 堆积（物品）: heap (up) stones to form a dam 把石头堆成一道堤坝* (fig 比喻) heap up riches 积聚财富

hearing/ ?h??r??; ˋh?r??/ n

（1）[U] ability to hear; sense听力; 听觉: Her hearing is poor, ie She is rather deaf. （2）[C] (a) opportunity to be heard 说话或申辩的机会: be given a fair hearing 获得公平的申辩机会* I never gained a hearing, ie Nobody was willing to listen to me.

(b) trial of a case in a lawcourt, esp before a judge without a jury 开审; 审讯; （尤指无陪审团的）听讯: The defendant's family were present at the hearing.

heave/ hi?v; hiv/ v (pt, pp heaved or hove/ h?uv; hov/, 尤作航海用语)

(a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] lift or drag (sth heavy) with great effort （用力）举起, 提升, 拖动, 拉

动（重物）: We heaved the wardrobe up the stairs. 我们用力把衣柜搬上楼了./?w??dr?ub/

(b) [I, Ipr] ~ (at/on sth)pull (at a rope, etc) 拉（绳等）: `Heave ho!' cried the sailors as they raised the anchor.

[Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (infml 口) throw (esp sth heavy) 扔（尤指重物）: heave a brick through

a window 把砖从窗口扔过去* heave sth overboard把某物抛到船外.

n [C, U] (act of) heaving 举; 提; 拖; 拉; 扔; 起伏; 升降: with a mighty heave, ie a strong pull or throw 猛地一拉（或使劲一扔）

hedge/ hed?; h?d?/

n row of bushes or shrubs planted close together and forming a boundary for a field, garden, etc 树篱: a privet hedge

v [Tn] put a hedge round (a field, garden, etc) 在（田地﹑花园等）周围设置树篱.

heel1/ hi?l; hil/

n (a) back part of the human foot 足跟，脚后跟

(b) part of a sock, stocking, etc covering this （袜子等的）踵部, 後跟.

heir/ e?(r); ?r/ n ~ (to sth)

person with the legal right to receive property, etc when the owner dies 继承人: be heir to a large fortune, a title, the throne 是大笔财产﹑头衔﹑王位的继承人

> heiress / ?e?r?s/ n 女继承人（尤指继承大笔财产者）.

helicopter/ ?hel?k?pt?(r)/ n

type of aircraft with horizontal revolving blades or rotors, able to take off and land vertically and remain stationary in the air 直升飞机: rescued from the sea by (a) helicopter 用直升飞机从海上救起的* [attrib 作定语] a helicopter pilot 直升飞机驾驶员

helmet/ ?helm?t; ˋh?lm?t/ n

protective head-covering such as that worn by firemen, miners, motor-cyclists, policemen and sportsmen, and by soldiers when they arefighting 头盔.

hemisphere/ ?hem?sf??(r); ˋh?m?s?f?r/ n

half a sphere 半球. (the Northern/Southern hemisphere/the Eastern

hemisphere/ the Western hemisphere)

(anatomy 解) either half of the cerebrum （大脑的）半球.

hence/ hens; h?ns/ adv

from this time 从此时起: a week hence, ie in a week from now 从现在起一星期後.

for this reason 因此: I fell off my bike yesterday hence the bruises.

bruise / bru?z; bruz/ n 挫伤

henceforth/?hens?f??θ, ?hensf??θ US -??rθ/adv formal from this time on从今以后

herb/ h??b; US ??rb; ?b/ n

plant of this kind whose leaves or seeds, etc are used in medicines and perfumes or for flavouring food 药草, 芳草（叶或种子等可制成药和香料, 或用作调味品）

[attrib 作定语] a herb garden芳草园.

herd/ h??d; h?d/

n [C] number of animals, esp cattle, feeding or staying together 兽群; 牧群; （尤指）牛群: a herd of cows, deer, elephant(s), etc一群牛﹑鹿﹑象等.

v 1[Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move or drive (sb/sth) forward as a herd in the specified direction （某人[某物]）成群地移动; 驱赶成群的（某人[某物]）: The prisoners were herded (together) onto the train. 一群囚犯被驱赶着押送上了火车.

2[Tn] look after (sth) in a herd 牧放（兽群）: a shepherd herding his flock

heritage/ ?her?t?d?; ˋh?r?t?d?/ n [C usu sing 通常作单数]

things such as works of art, cultural achievements and folklore that have been passed

on from earlier generations 文化遗产（如祖辈遗留下来的艺术作品﹑文明成果及民俗）: our literary heritage 文学遗产* These ancient buildings are part of the national heritage. (dated or fml 旧或文) property that has been or may be inherited by an heir 遗产

heroic/ h??r?u?k; h?ˋro?k/ adj

having the characteristics of a hero; very brave 有英雄气概的; 英勇的: heroic deeds

heroin/ ?her?u?n; ˋh?ro?n/ n [U]

narcotic drug made from morphine, used medically to cause sleep or relieve pain, or by drug addicts 海洛因

heroine/?her?u?n US -rou-/n[C]

a woman who is admired for doing something extremely brave 女英雄

the woman or girl who is the main character in a book, film, play etc女主角

hesitate/ ?hez?te?t; ˋh?z??tet/ v

[I, Ipr] ~ (at/about/over sth)be slow to speak or act because one feels uncertain or

unwilling; pause in doubt 犹豫; 踌躇; 迟疑; （因有疑虑而）停顿:She hesitated before replying. * He hesitates at nothing. 他从不优柔寡断.

[It] be reluctant 不情愿: Don't hesitate to tell us if you have a problem.

hierarchy/ ?ha??rɑ?k?; ˋha???rɑrk?/ n

[U and C] a system of organization in which people or things are divided into levels of importance 等级制度 a social hierarchy

[C]the most important and powerful members of an organization管理层the church hierarchy

highlight/ ?ha?la?t; ˋha??la?t/

n best, most interesting or most exciting part of something 最有意思或最精采的部分: The highlight of our tour was seeing the palace. 我们旅游中最有意思的活动就是参观宫殿. * The highlights of the match will be shown on TV tonight.

v [Tn] 1give special attention to (sth); emphasize 对（某事物）予以特别的注意; 强调: a TV programme highlighting the problems of the unemployed 着重反映失业问题的电视节目. hijack/ ?ha?d??k; ˋha??d??k/ v [Tn]

seize control of (a vehicle, esp an aircraft) in order to force it to go to a new destination,

to take its passengers hostage or to steal its cargo 劫持（交通工具, 尤指飞行器）: The plane was highjacked while on a flight to Delhi.

hike/ ha?k; ha?k/

n long walk, esp in the country, taken for pleasure or exercise 远足, 徒步旅行（尤指在

乡间进行者）: go on a ten-mile hike作一次十英里的徒步旅行.

(infml 口) rise in prices, costs, etc （价格﹑价值等的）提高, 增加: The union demands

a 7% wage hike. 工会要求提高工资7%.

v 1[I] go for a long walk 作远足旅行; 作徒步旅行: a hiking holiday作远足活动的假日. 2[Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up)(infml 口) (esp US) raise (prices, etc) 提高（价格等）: hike(up) an insurance claim提高保险索赔金额.

hinder/ ?h?nd?(r); ˋh?nd?/ v [Tn, Tn.pr]

~ sb/sth (from sth/doing sth)prevent the progress of sb/sth; obstruct or delay sb/sth 阻碍﹑妨碍某人[某事物]的进展; 阻挠或耽搁某人[某事物]:

hinder sb (from working) 妨碍某人（工作）* hinder sb in his work 阻挠某人的工作* Production was hindered by lack of materials. 由於缺乏原料, 生产陷於停顿.

hinge/ h?nd?; h?nd?/ n

piece of metal, etc on which a lid, door, or gate turns or swings as it opens and closes

铰链; 合叶: take the door off its hinges and rehang it 把门从铰链上卸下重装

The gate hinges need oiling they're squeaking. 大门的铰链吱吱响-该上油了.

/ skwi?k; skwik/ 吱吱响

hint/ h?nt; h?nt/

n subtle way of indicating to sb what one is thinking or what one wants; indirect suggestion 暗示; 示意; 间接的提示；线索: a strong, broad, gentle, delicate, etc hint 强烈的﹑明白的﹑轻微的﹑微妙的...示意* She coughed to give him the hint that he should go. The calm sea gave no hint of the storm that was coming.

v [Ipr, Tn, Dn.pr, Dpr.f] ~ at sth; ~ sth (to sb) suggest sth slightly or indirectly 稍微地或间接地提及某事物: The possibility of an early election has been hinted at. 已经有迹象表明可能提前进行选举. * She has already hinted (to me) that I've won the prize. 她已经（向我）暗示说我得到了这个奖.

hip1/ h?p; h?p/ n

part on either side of the body below the waist where the bone of a person's leg is joined to the trunk 臀部; 髋部: He stood with his hands on his hips. 他两手叉腰站立着. * I'm quite wide round/in the hips. 我的臀部很大. * [attrib 作定语] the hip-bone 髋骨

hitherto

/ ?h?e??tu?; ?h?e?ˋtu/ adv (fml 文) until now 迄今; 至今: a hitherto unknown species of moth至今尚不知属何种类的蛾./ m?θ; US m??θ; m?θ/ n 蛾