2021上海财经大学语言学及应用语言学考研真题经验参考书

2021上海财经大学语言学及应用语言学考研真题经验参考书
2021上海财经大学语言学及应用语言学考研真题经验参考书

上海财经大学考研

——语言学及应用语言学

离考研结束过去好像很久了,答应学姐写一篇经验帖拖到了现在,趁着初试复试的记忆还没模糊前,来写写自己的考研备考过程吧,希望可以帮助到后来的上财的语言学及应用语言学的考研儿们。

关于择校,大家在考研中一般会存在这样的心态:一种是必须考上好专业好学校的;另外一种是只要能考上就行的。前者完全可以依据自己的喜好和未来的发展需要,而后者则要更加注意权衡选择,尽量增加成功的概率。所以大家必须首先明确自己要什么,想要达到什么样的目标,然后在根据各招生单位提供的有效信息来进行综合比较,找到自己理想中的学校。学校所处区域关系着大家就读期间接触的平台和视界还有将来的就业和发展。当然并不是鼓励大家一窝蜂的挤在一线城市,也是要根据自己的专业情况和发展前景等综合考虑,还是那句话,适合的就是最好的。理想的目标院校应该是建立在个人能力与个人抱负的交叉点上。所以建议大家对于考研目标院校的选择一定要量力而行,要确保有机会考上,可以根据自身条件结合预报学校、城市的客观现实冷静剖析,全方位考虑,争取做出最理想、最理性的选择。同时学校的图书资源,研究资源,导师资源等资源同样重要,当然导师选择也很重要,找对导师求学才更省力。或许因为某个知名导师跟自己所想研究的方向或兴趣是一致的,所以要报考其他院校和专业,这也是可能的。导师的重要性不在于学术本身,而在于他能为大家自己的学术之路提供大量的帮助。

接下来重点说说我各科的备考情况。

英语:

三月开学开始,六点半到图书馆占座背单词。背的红宝书,每个意思都背,翻来覆去背了五到七遍吧。(后来用手机背不知道到底背了多少遍。)下午背新单元,第二天早上复习。按1.2.4.7.15天的规律复习。同时会在没课背完单词的时候,看黄皮书英语阅读。(个人认为英语基础还行,长难句不是大问题。)暑假前已经做完前十年的题。暑假时期,仍然背单词,做了两遍阅读题,分析错题。翻译阅读。看阅读时会把不认识的单词标出来。有时间背背。

暑假末期,估算英语成绩可以上五十。但是害怕后面三个月没题做,英语陷入迷茫期,九月浪费了将近一个月的时间。最后,英语水平下降,2013年的阅读题错了一半。开始慌张,停止翻译阅读,重新培养题感。

十月,开始做新题,做完一份分析一份。三天一份题,把后十年的题都分析了一遍。留下最近两年的题。开始看英语作文。

十一月做其中一套题。(估算可以上八十)。背作文,练作文,分析每个阅读题错误选项的思维。总结做题技巧。同时看翻译和完形。七选五看心情(个人弱项)。

十二月做另一套题。(估算可以上七十)。背作文,练作文(两天一篇,让要出国的舍友给我批改),最后一个星期形成了自己大作文的模板。继续分析近三年的题,以及生单词(每年的题单词重复率可达84%)。

考英语时,中午因为被舍友电话吵醒。状态不佳。开考前洗了个脸。(本人属于不睡午觉下午没精神的人)做英语时,时间没把握好,节奏乱了。最后半个小时还有四个阅读题目,完形,翻译没写完。最后舍翻译(看见什么词这什么,尽量能读通),保阅读(答案有七个B选项,一个个看,改了)。最后十分钟做完形,读一个写一个。(完形高中基础好,感觉至少能得9分)。

政治:

九月才开始。刷一千题。十月,考纲回来看看不会的地方,刷一千题,看网课。十一月,肖八回来,做完选择题平均分25,很害怕,把肖八选择题都背了。也看看冲刺课,背背《政治新时器》。十二月肖四回来,直接背大题主干。第一遍用了一个星期,第二遍用了三天,第三遍考试前一天早上。第四遍考试前一天晚上+考试当天早上。考试前一周,把近五年的大题总结了一个模板(没用上)。考试前一夜听没听完的网课,练了半个小时的排版。十二点睡觉。最后政治也刚刚及格。文科生的优势吧,即使不会还能编编套话。

专业课:

现汉:张斌版《现代汉语》共75分,名解(一个4分),简答(一个5分),论述(一个15分)。

暑假前准备北语,看了一遍黄廖版。葛本仪《现代汉语词汇》。暑假时期换成上财,开始看张斌版。七月底过完一遍。刚开始看得过于细致,老师认为版本太老,不要吹毛求疵。看到词汇时,符淮青《现代汉语词汇》前四章。八月开始第二遍,先看词汇语法,再看语音。看语法时,将黄廖版,张斌版,邵敬敏版的现汉都看了一遍。较为细致(后来开学和老师商讨,老师觉得没必要,看两个版

本就行)。一直看到九月底开始背书。十月背诵当先,分析真题,查缺补漏,把张斌版配套的综合训练也背了。(我见往年都有原题。)十一月,继续背诵,做题,分析题,十二月,背!分析题!总共下来过了三四遍吧。然而,今年考试,题目方向变了。以前都能找见原题,今年现汉没有…最后一道论述题让写个段子,整个人都惊呆了。在考场就笑出来了…其他的题目…记不清了…

古汉:王力版《古代汉语》全是大题

暑假期间看了一遍,简要摘了一些通论。八月底心慌,找了本校以前的学长学姐,一个说抓通论,一个说记字词。九月老师推荐胡什么的古汉辅导书,买下来有翻译,而且分类清晰。我边看边翻译一二册。背背重点字词。十月中旬才看完。开始抓通论。背通论。十一月重复记忆。往年考的都是《左传》,所以我又复习了一遍《左传》文章和字词。通论继续背。并且分析往年的题。会有一两道书上没有的题,但是也还好。十二月,继续背通论和重点字词。然而考试翻译考了《七月》…还好我知道“七月流火”是什么意思。名解考了:粘对,二十四节气…简答题:有三种注音方式,古文中常见的语气副词及其分类。然后其他的就忘了。

语纲:徐叶版《语言学纲要》、周小兵版《对外汉语教学入门》(这本书是我对比了三个版本的类似教材,认为教学法是最全的版本。)小题(选择,填空,判断正误)60分。名解五个(一个4分),简答题五个(一个5分),论述三个(一个15分)

语纲大三上学期学的,期末考成绩还行,当时就已经很细致地看了一遍课本。暑假看了两遍。开学后,汉语国际教育专业有开设“语言学专题课”(共九周),我去蹭课。老师讲了很多比原来深的东西。感觉暑假语纲白看了。重新开始看语纲。买了一本西南交通出版的语纲参考书,借了图书馆一本人大出版的语纲参考书,还用了一下同学的齐鲁书社出的语纲参考书。学一章做一章的题。(心里做,不会的、没思路的、不懂的拿自动笔标记,上课问老师。)这三个版本参考书有一定重合率,所以题量不算大。十月,还在讲课,跟着老师的进度做题。也开始背我们老师做的PPT。十一月,开始背两本参考书的题和概念。分析真题。变换分析法是个头疼的东西,又看了陆俭明老师的《现代汉语语法教程》里面的变换分析法章节和网课,找老师问了好多遍。同时在网上找小题练小题。背了一遍我

买的参考书。以及关于对外汉语教学的一些考纲里的知识点。十二月,复习,巩固。背书,PPT,两本辅导书(西南和人大版的)。我一直是边背边列框架。考试前一天晚上仍在背参考书。考试那天中午,又看了一遍教学法和对比分析,偏误分析,中介语理论。考试时,小题做的特别顺。名解有两个没专门背过“配价”“语体”。其他的不记得了。只记得论述题有语言的像似性和偏误分析(给一段外国人说的话,分析该现象产生的原因。)

关于复试:

一月就开始了,但是因为刚考完研学不进去,看了半个月一遍也没看完。后来半个月就开始玩儿了。直到二月三号成绩出来,又玩儿了五天,推算了一下往年出成绩到复试的时间,一共四十天,就剩下三十五天。顿时开始紧张,开始学习。刚开始学不进去,慢慢的对书有了大体的认识。开始认真看书,一个小时能看30页吧。一直到除夕。玩到正月初十,又开始学习。到了正月十六感觉时间快到了。就赶快背书。两天背完。3月5号到学校。

直到上财的复试通知下来,可能因为太紧张了,随后身体很累,眼皮很困,以为是休息不够,后来一天比一天厉害,看了医生,才知道发烧了,一共烧了三四天。最后好了一天就得坐车走了。生病时期背书感觉头很木讷,没有效率。还是坚持过了一遍。最后《欧美语言学简史》看了三遍,《对外汉语教学概论》背了四五遍吧。复试时候,大家都在候场区。面试完就得走,不准交流,不准停留。面试期间不准说自己的姓名,毕业院校,导师信息。随机抽签决定面试顺序。先英语,后专业。英语面试,面前有三张纸,选择其中一张,我抽的语素,不认识关键词…后来老师给我解释了。让我说明语素分类以及举例子…我当时说成音素了…然后老师提醒…最后脑子空白…说了两种分类…但是例子举错了…老师又问我的专业,具体课程,以及为什么选择上财,脑子凌乱,最后一个问题没回答好就结束了…当时好难过的出来了。

专业面试还得等,我就老想自己英语的失误。后来告诉自己都过去了,专业面试更重要。等了一会就进去了。一共四个老师。很友好。问了本科专业,有关语言学的课程,看了什么书,对不同国家的学生如何教学,变换分析法(也是我给自己挖的坑,之前说读了什么书的时候,我说我这个不是很会…),偏误分析,如何对外国学生解释饺子…有两个不会。

第二天早上笔试,一共四道题,1.你读过有关语言学或对外汉语教学的书,期刊或者论文,请列举五个,并选其中一个简要阐述其内容,自己不足之处。2.你所了解的欧美语言学的学派以及他们之间的关系。3.索绪尔的共时和历时。4.偏误分析。前三道每个20分,最后一道40分。出来以后就解放了。下午,带着特产看了看学姐,去资格认证,最后坐车回学校。

三天后,其他小伙伴说,复试成绩下来了,我查了查。一个小时后录取通知下来。至此,结束。

以上,就是我整个备考过程的情况,可能还有没有说到的,如果你们还有什么问题可以去high研App给我留言或私信。同时,我手里还有很多备考时用的资料,还有是完全新的书。还有一些真题,期中期末试题,视频,笔记,看书心得等等。有想要的,也可以给我留言私信。我都免费的跟你们发过去。

考研这场战役打的辛苦。只要坚持,就会胜利,加油!

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英语语言学试题(1) I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.

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从决定考研开始就一直查各种资料和各种考验心得,经常在high研看师哥师姐们的热血经历,也得到了很多师哥师姐们的帮助,在这里先谢谢大家了。 我准备考研比较早,元旦左右就开始了,因为大三课比较多,所以前期复习时间较短,速度有点慢,因此,如果大家已经有目标,建议越早开始越好The early bird catches the worm! 政治: 暑假开始复习政治,一直到最后都是跟着肖秀荣老师的书在走,1000题很重要,可以抓很多细节性的知识,建议不要在书上直接写,方便后期反复利用。暑假期间可以先看去年大纲,大概有个印象,最后冲刺时四八套题一定要好好背,今年肖老师大题基本都中了。政治最好每天都分配一定的时间,这一科记得快忘的也快。 考研政治每门课都是一个庞大的体系,有着大量的内容。因此需要建构每门课的大体系框架,通过一个框架把整门课连接起来,背李凡政治新时器就够了。以中国近现代史纲要为例,以时间顺序可以把中国近现代史纲要分为两部分,即以1949年10月为分界限的中国近代史和中国现代史。 中国近代史又可分为两部分,即以“五四运动”为界限的旧民主主义运动和新民主主义运动两部分。在这两个阶段有一条非常明显的主线:列强对中国的侵略和中华民族各个阶层为了中国的独立所做出的努力。 根据这条主线旧民主主义运动又可以分为几个部分,即地主阶级、资产阶级维新派、资产阶级革命派、农民阶级做出的尝试,分别是“洋务运动”“戊戌变法”“辛亥革命”“太平天国运动”和“义和团运动”。“五四运动”后的新民主主义运动也可根据主线分为几个阶段,即第一次国内革命战争时期,国共十年对峙时期,抗日战争时期,解放战争时期。 中国现代史就是新中国的建设史,可以根据这条主线分为几个阶段,即1949~1956年的过渡时期,1956~1966年的社会主义建设时期,1966~1976年的“十年文革”时期,1976以后的社会主义建设新时期。 二外法语: 本科学校教材是新大学法语,我复习用过的资料有:考研必备,二外法语考研综合(肖红),和圣才出版的名校历年二外真题,不过这些书提供的答案有些

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