各类雅思专用名词词汇(二)
各类雅思专用名词词汇（二）
环保：
环保是目前全球化热门话题，雅思考试中对环保关注度也很高，小编整理雅思考试中环保类热门词汇，供大家参考。
aerosols 气溶胶/ 气雾剂
agricultural wastes 农业废物
asbestos 石棉
commercial noise 商业噪音
composite pollution 混合污染
dioxins 二恶英
hazardous substances 危险物质
hazardous wastes 危险废物
heavy metals 重金属
hospital wastes 医院废物
industrial effluents 工业废水
industrial emissions 工业排放物
industrial fumes 工业烟尘
industrial noise 工业噪声
inorganic pollutants 无机污染物
lead contamination 铅污染
liquid wastes 液体废物
litter 丢弃物/ 废气物
mercury contamination 汞污染micropollutants 微污染物
mining wastes 采矿废物
motor vehicle emissions 机动车辆排放物municipal waste 城市废物
nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物
noise pollution 噪声污染
odour nuisance 恶臭公害
organic pollutants 有机物污染
persistent organic pollutants 难降解有机污染物pharmaceutical wastes 医药废物
plastic wastes 塑料废物
radioactive substances 放射性物质
rubber waste 橡胶废物
sewage 污水
solid wastes 固体废物
thermal pollution 热污染
toxic substances 有毒物质
toxic waste 有毒废物
toxins 毒素
traffic noise 交通噪音
trash 废物/ 垃圾
wood waste 木材废料
污染源
biological weapons 生物武器
cement industry 水泥工业
chemical weapons 化学武器
chimneys 烟囱
motor vehicles 机动车辆
motorcycles 摩托车
nuclear weapons 核武器
ocean dumping 海洋倾倒
oil spills 石油泄漏
scrap metals 废金属
excavation heaps 挖掘堆积
污染治理
acoustic insulation 隔音
chemical decontamination 化学污染清除desulphurization of fuels 燃料脱硫
filters 过滤器
noise abatement 噪音治理
pollution abatement equipment 污染治理设备pollution control technology 污染控制技术
radiation protection 辐射防护
scrubbers 洗涤器
separators 分离器
smoke prevention 防烟
waste minimization 废物最少化
废物
battery disposal 电池处理
chemical treatment of waste 废物的化学处理disposal sites 处置场所
incineration of waste 废物焚烧
mine filling 矿山回填
oil residue recuperation 残油回收radioactive waste management 放射性废物管理recycled materials 回收的材料
recycling 回收
reuse of materials 材料再利用
sanitary landfills 卫生填埋
sea outfall 海洋排泄口
septic tanks 化粪池
sewage disposal 污水处置
sewage treatment systems 污水处理系统
solid waste disposal 固体废物处置
waste assimilation capacities 废物同化处置waste conversion techniques 废物转化技术waste disposal 废物处置
waste disposal in the ground 废物土地处置waste recovery 废物回收
waste use 废物利用
雅思听力高频词汇之动物
Fauna动物
mammal 哺乳动物
kangaroo (n.) 袋鼠
joey (n.) 小袋鼠
koala (n.) 树袋熊，考拉
brown bear (n.) 棕熊
polar bear (n.) 北极熊
panda (n.) 熊猫
dinosaur (n.)恐龙
antelope (n.) 羚羊
leopard (n.) 豹
elephant (n.) 大象
zebra (n.) 斑马
rabbit (n.) 兔子
rhino (n.) 犀牛
hippo (n.) 河马
squirrel (n.) 松鼠
goat (n.) 山羊
sheep (n.) 绵羊
camel (n.) 骆驼
bat (n.) 蝙蝠
marine mammal 海洋哺乳动物
shark (n.) 鲨鱼
dolphin (n.) 海豚
whale (n.) 鲸鱼
blue whale (n.) 蓝鲸
killer whale (n.) 虎鲸
minke whale (n.) 小须鲸
Northern right whale (n.) 北露脊鲸
sperm whale (n.) 抹香鲸
sea otter (n.) 海獭
Ministry of Labour 劳工部(美作:Department of Labor) labour market 劳工市场, 劳务市场
Labour exchange, Employment exchange 职业介绍所(美作:Employment Bureau)
labour management 职业介绍经纪人
full employment 整日制工作
to be paid by the hour 按小时付酬
seasonal work 季节工作
piecework work 计件工作
timework work 计时工作
teamwork work 联合工作
shift work 换班工作
assembly line work 组装线工作(美作:serial production) workshop 车间
handicrafts, crafts 手艺, 技艺
trade, craft 行当
profession, occupation 职务
employment, job 工作
situation, post 位置
job 一件工作
vacancy 空缺, 空额
work permit 工作许可证
to apply for a job 求职, 找工作
application(for a job) 求职
to engage, to employ 雇用
work contract 劳务合同
industrial accident 劳动事故
occupational disease 职业病
vocational guidance 职业指导
vocational training 职业训练
retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练, 再培训holidays, holiday, vacation 假期
labour costs, labour input 劳力成本
fluctuation of labour 劳力波动(美作:of labor) worker 工作者
permanent worker 长期工, 固定工
personnel, staff 人员
employee 职员
clerk, office worker 办公室人员
salary earner 雇佣工人
workman 工人
organized labour 参加工会的工人
skilled worker 技术工人
unskilled worker 非技术工人
specialized worker 熟练工人
farm worker 农场工人
labourer worker 农业工人
day labourer 日工
seasonal worker 季节工
collaborator 合作者
foreman 工头
trainee, apprentice 学徒工
apprenticeship 学徒
artisan, craftsman 工匠
specialist 专家
night shift 夜班
shortage of labour, shortage of manpower 缺乏劳力working class 工人阶级
proletarian 无产者
proletariat 无产阶级
trade union 工会(美作:labor union)
trade unionist 工团主义者
trade unionism 工团主义
guild 行会,同会,公会
association, society, union 协会
emigration 移民,移居
employer 雇主,老板
shop steward (工厂的)工会代表(美作:union delegate)
delegate 代表
representative 代表
works council 劳资联合委员会
labour law 劳工法
working day, workday 工作日
full-time employment, full-time job, full-time work 全天工作part-time employment, part-time job, part-time work 半日工作working hours 工作时间
overtime 业余时间
remuneration 报酬
pay, wage, salary 工资
wage index 工资指数
minimum wage 最低工资
basic wage 基础工资
gross wages 全部收入
net, real wages 实际收入
hourly wages, wage rate per hour 计时工资
monthly wages 月工资
weekly wages 周工资
piecework wage 计件工资
maximum wage 最高工资(美作:wage ceiling)
sliding scale 按物价计酬法
payment in kind 用实物付酬
daily wages 日工资
premium, bonus, extra pay 奖励
payday 发工资日, 付薪日
pay slip 工资单
payroll 薪水册
unemployment benefit 失业救济
old-age pension 退休金,养老金
collective agreement 工会代表工人与资方代表达成的协议retirement 退休
claims 要求
strike 罢工
striker 罢工者
go-slow 怠工(美作:slow-down)
lockout 停工(业主为抵制工人的要求而停工) staggered strike 阶段性罢工
strike picket 罢工纠察队员
strike pay 罢工津贴(由工会给的)
strikebreaker, blackleg 破坏罢工者
down tools, sit-down strike 静坐
demonstration, manifestation 示威
sanction 制裁
unemployment 失业
seasonal unemployment 季节性失业underemployment 不充分就业unemployed man 失业者(个人)
the unemployed 失业者(集体)
to discharge, to dismiss 辞退,开除,解雇dismissal 开除,解雇
to terminate a contract 结束合同,结束契约negotiation 谈判
collective bargaining 劳资双方就工资等问题谈判receptionist 接待员
typist 打字员
key puncher 电脑操作员
stenographer 速记员
telephone operator 电话接线员programmer 电脑程序员
system analyst 系统分析员
shorthand typist 速记打字员
office girl 女记事员
public servants 公务员
national public servant 国家公务员
local public service employee 地方公务员
nation railroad man 国营铁路职员
tracer 绘图员
illustrator 汇稿员
saleswoman 女店员
pilot 驾驶员
simultaneous 同时译员
雅思分类词汇:常见工作名称
Ministry of Labour 劳工部(美作:Department of Labor)
labour market 劳工市场, 劳务市场
Labour exchange, Employment exchange 职业介绍所(美作:Employment Bureau)
labour management 职业介绍经纪人
full employment 整日制工作
to be paid by the hour 按小时付酬
seasonal work 季节工作
piecework work 计件工作
timework work 计时工作
teamwork work 联合工作
shift work 换班工作
assembly line work 组装线工作(美作:serial production)
workshop 车间
handicrafts, crafts 手艺, 技艺
trade, craft 行当
profession, occupation 职务
employment, job 工作
situation, post 位置
job 一件工作
vacancy 空缺, 空额
work permit 工作许可证
to apply for a job 求职, 找工作
application(for a job) 求职
to engage, to employ 雇用
work contract 劳务合同
industrial accident 劳动事故
occupational disease 职业病
vocational guidance 职业指导
vocational training 职业训练
retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练, 再培训holidays, holiday, vacation 假期
labour costs, labour input 劳力成本
fluctuation of labour 劳力波动(美作:of labor) worker 工作者
permanent worker 长期工, 固定工
personnel, staff 人员
employee 职员
clerk, office worker 办公室人员
salary earner 雇佣工人
workman 工人
organized labour 参加工会的工人
skilled worker 技术工人
unskilled worker 非技术工人
specialized worker 熟练工人
farm worker 农场工人
labourer worker 农业工人
day labourer 日工
seasonal worker 季节工
collaborator 合作者
foreman 工头
trainee, apprentice 学徒工
apprenticeship 学徒
artisan, craftsman 工匠
specialist 专家
night shift 夜班
shortage of labour, shortage of manpower 缺乏劳力working class 工人阶级
proletarian 无产者
proletariat 无产阶级
trade union 工会(美作:labor union)
trade unionist 工团主义者
trade unionism 工团主义
guild 行会,同会,公会
association, society, union 协会
emigration 移民,移居
employer 雇主,老板
shop steward (工厂的)工会代表(美作:union delegate) delegate 代表
representative 代表
works council 劳资联合委员会
labour law 劳工法
working day, workday 工作日
full-time employment, full-time job, full-time work 全天工作part-time employment, part-time job, part-time work 半日工作working hours 工作时间
overtime 业余时间
remuneration 报酬
pay, wage, salary 工资
wage index 工资指数
minimum wage 最低工资
basic wage 基础工资
gross wages 全部收入
net, real wages 实际收入
hourly wages, wage rate per hour 计时工资
monthly wages 月工资
weekly wages 周工资
piecework wage 计件工资
maximum wage 最高工资(美作:wage ceiling)
sliding scale 按物价计酬法
payment in kind 用实物付酬
daily wages 日工资
premium, bonus, extra pay 奖励
payday 发工资日, 付薪日
pay slip 工资单
payroll 薪水册
unemployment benefit 失业救济
old-age pension 退休金,养老金
collective agreement 工会代表工人与资方代表达成的协议retirement 退休
claims 要求
strike 罢工
striker 罢工者
go-slow 怠工(美作:slow-down)
lockout 停工(业主为抵制工人的要求而停工) staggered strike 阶段性罢工
strike picket 罢工纠察队员
strike pay 罢工津贴(由工会给的) strikebreaker, blackleg 破坏罢工者
down tools, sit-down strike 静坐demonstration, manifestation 示威
sanction 制裁
unemployment 失业
seasonal unemployment 季节性失业underemployment 不充分就业unemployed man 失业者(个人)
the unemployed 失业者(集体)
to discharge, to dismiss 辞退,开除,解雇dismissal 开除,解雇
to terminate a contract 结束合同,结束契约negotiation 谈判
collective bargaining 劳资双方就工资等问题谈判receptionist 接待员
typist 打字员
key puncher 电脑操作员
stenographer 速记员
telephone operator 电话接线员programmer 电脑程序员
system analyst 系统分析员
shorthand typist 速记打字员
office girl 女记事员
public servants 公务员
national public servant 国家公务员
local public service employee 地方公务员nation railroad man 国营铁路职员tracer 绘图员
illustrator 汇稿员
saleswoman 女店员
pilot 驾驶员
simultaneous 同时译员
雅思写作中常用英文连接单词的替换词
雅思写作中常用英文连接单词的替换词 一、And 并列关系 (and)in addition // and // similarly // likewise moreover // too // not only ... but // even // besides this／that 二、Sequence 顺序(then) 出现的时候表示列举 first // initially // second etc. // to begin with // then // next // earlier／later // following this／that // afterwards 三、Consequence 结果（so） 前面是后面的结果// 也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了 as a result // thus // so // therefore // consequently // it follows that // thereby // eventually // in that case // admittedly 四、Contrast 转折(but ) 表对前面论述的转折// 一般后面才是作者观点 however // on the other hand // despite// in spite of // though // although // but // on the contrary // otherwise // yet // instead of // rather // whereas // nonetheless // in contrast 五、Certainty 确定(of course) 强烈的确定// 后面是作者的坚定论点 obviously // certainly // plainly // of course // undoubtedly 六、Condition 条件/ 因为(if ) 后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。 if // unless // whether // provided that // Given that // for // so that // whether // depending on 七、Time 时间(when ) before // since // as // until // meanwhile// at the moment // when // whenever // as soon as // just as 八、Summary 总结(in a word) 作者的最后总结 in conclusion // in summary // lastly // finally // to sum up // to conclude // to recapitulate 重述// in short // in a word 九、Example 举例(for example) for example // for instance// just as // in particular // such as // namely 也就是 十、Reason 原因( because) since // as // so // because (of) // due to // owing to // the reason why // in other words // leads to // cause 雅思写作部分高频词汇、短语替换 ★高频形容词： 1.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2.富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off
雅思阅读必备词汇表1000
1100个雅思阅读必备词汇表下载abandon aboriginal absenteeism absorb absorption abuse academic accelerate access accessible accessory accidentally acclaim accommodation accompany accomplish account for
accumulation accurate achieve acquire acumen adapt adaptable adjust administration adolescence adopt advanced adverse advocate affordable agenda aggressive aid
alert alienation allergy alternative amateur amaze ambiguity ambiguous ambitious amorphous amphibian amphibious an array of analogous analogy analysis ancient
anesthetic annual anthropology anticipate apparatus appliance applicant apply appreciable appreciate approach appropriate approximately aptitude archaeological architecture archive
雅思图表作文经典套句50句-题
雅思图表作文经典套句50句1.该表格描述了在…年之…年间…数量的变化。 2.该柱状图展示了… 3.该图为我们提供了有关…有趣数据。 4.该图向我们展示了… 5.该圆形图揭示了… 6.这个曲线图描述了…的趋势。 7.数据（字）表明… 8.该树型图向我们揭示了怎样… 9.该数据（字）可以这样理解… 10.这些数据资料令我们得出结论… 11.如图所示… 12.根据这些表（数字）… 13.如表格所示… 14.从图中可以看出，…发生了巨大变化。 15.从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到… 16.这个图表向我们展示了… 17.该表格描述了…年到…年间a与b的比例关系。 18.该图以圆形图形式描述了…总的趋势。
19.这是个柱型图，描述了… 20.如图所示，两条曲线描述了…的波动情况。 21.在…至…期间，…基本不变。 22.在…年到…期间… 23. 1995年至1998三年里… 24.从那时起… 25.…月(年)至…月（年)…的数量基本不变。 26.数字急剧上升至… 27.…至…期间…的比率维持不变。 28.…的数目在…月（年）达到顶点，为… 29.比率维持在… 30.…的比例比…的比例略高（低）。 31.…与…的区别不大。 32.该图表表明…的数目增长了三倍。 33…逐年减少，而…逐步上升。 34.…的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为…百分点。 35.数字（情况）在…达到底部。 36.数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。
37. a是b的…倍。 38. a增长了… 39. a增长到… 40.比例高（低） 41.…数字呈上升趋势。 42. …到…发生急剧上升。 43.从…到…，下降速率减慢。 44.从这年起，…逐渐下降至… 45.与…相似 46.与…相同 47.…与…之间有许多相似（不同）之处 48. a于b有共同之处。 49. a与b之间的差别在于… 50.…年…急剧上升。
2011年3月5日雅思大作文真题-经济全球化对世界的影响
Economic globalization benefits the world immensely, especially the prosperity of tourism. As a result,the cultures, languages and customs in the minorities are notmysterious to the world any more, which should be attributed to thepopularity of tourism. It is a consensus that tourism canstimulate the economic development in a region, since tourism playsan important role in the acceleration of the improvement ofservice, such as transportation, accommodation, catering and othermarginal business. With a view to attracting more tourists, theminority regions have to consider how to improve their image andservice, during the course of which they can have an overall planto promote the status of their region. Nowadays, many people travelfor minority regions to satisfy their curiosity, where they canhave unexpected findings. Furthermore, tourism can strengthenthe interflow of cultures and traditions between the people indifferent regions. Trips to minority countries and regions renderpeople a lot of new cultures and customs, which, presumably, havebeen handed down from old ages and enjoyed very splendid history.Formerly, people can only get some segments about the minoritiesfrom videos, films and other incomplete descriptions on books. Now,tourists have more opportunities to communicate or even live withthe minority people and acquire first-hand knowledge about them,which provides the researchers with a lot of authentic information. Admittedly, tourism damages thenatural environment in some minority regions and spoils thepeaceful life of them to some degree due to their frequentactivities in the minority regions, the environment beingdeteriorated in some regions, which is not what we expected. Generally, the popularity of Englishand tourism brings more advantages than damage to the minorityregions, since it has enriched people?ˉs knowledge and widened theirhorizons. But meanwhile, we should be on the alert for the damageto the minority regions and take effective means to tackle theproblems tourism arouses.
雅思写作8分的基本功——名词化
雅思写作8分的基本功——名词化 小刘在这次的雅思考试中获得了作文八分的好成绩，对很多中国学生 来说，作文并不是自己的强项，那么她是怎么考到如此优秀的成绩呢?下 面我们就来看看小刘作文八分的秘密。今天为各位考生介绍一种雅思写作 中提高分数的好方法——名词化，适合想要在雅思写作中斩获高分的同学。 雅思写作8分的基本功——名词化 首先，我们要明白什么是名词化? 名词化即把非名词变成名词的过程。适用于这种过程的非名词有名词和形 容词。比如discuss变为discussion，difficult变为difficulty，分 别就是名词和形容词的名词化。 为什么要在写作中多去使用名词呢?这是由雅思的评分标准决定的。在官 方评分指南上对达到7分的作文有这样一项描述"...with some awareness of style"即对文体有一定认识。 一般英语文体有三个层次：informal writing, formal writing, and academic writing。雅思写作对文体的要求大致介于formal writing和academic writing之间，这两类文体都表达严谨、单据信息量大，使用 较多的抽象名词。所以，学生在考试中如何可以有意识的选择一些名词化 的表达，就可以帮助我们尽可能的达到上述要求。那么我们该如何将句子 做名词化改写呢?
V. + sth.到N. of sth. Sb. + V.到sb's VN. Sth is Adj. 到AdjN. of Sth. 如以下例句： 1.I want to realise my dreams and this comes first. realise my dreams是典型的动宾结构，这里可以做名词化处理，变为 the realisation of my dreams. 整个句子因此变成： The realisation of my dreams comes first. 符合上面提到的单句信息量更大这一特点，同时以动名词做主语，也给人 更加客观的感觉。 2.He contributes to the company. This impresses the manager. 主语加谓语部分He contributes经名词化变为his contribution，因而 整个句子升级成为： His contribution to the company impresses the manager. 3.The policy is fully justified. Some people agree with that. 同样利用前面的公式，the policy is justified这样的sb. + is + adj. 被变为一个名词性短语：the justification of the policy。该名词性 短语可做句子的宾语，替代that，整句变为： Some people agree with the justification of the policy. 由上面可见，名词化的表达并不十分复杂。名词化常常可用于雅思考试大 作文开头段对背景信息和双方观点的引入部分，和小作文对趋势的描述部分。当然，在使用名词化对文章进行升级时，也要尽量避免滥用和错用。
雅思A类图表作文常用句型
2 The first point to note is the huge increase in the number of 需要注意的第一点就是…的急剧增长 3 The statistics show that 这些数据表明 4 占百分之几Form/comprise/make up/constitute/ account for ….percen t 5 This cure graph describes the trend of 该曲线图描述了…的趋势 6 The statistics lead us to the conclusion that 由这些数据，我们可以做出如下结论 7 As can be seen from the line graph, 由线状图我们可以看出 8 增加：Increase / raise / rise / go up/ soar/ ascend/ mount/ climb 9 减少：Decrease / grow down / drop / fall/ reduce/ descend/ shrink to/decline 10 稳定：Remain stable / stabilize / level off/ remain unchanged 11 It can be seen from the table that 由表格我们可以看出 12 The table shows the changes in the number of… over the period from…to…该表格展示了从…到…数据的变化 13 The table provides some data of 该表格提供了有关…的数据 14 As can be seen clearly from the table, 从表格中我们可以清楚地看出， 15 As can be seen from the table, great changes have taken place in... 从表格中可以看出，...发生了巨大变化 16 This table illustrates the changing proportion of A and B from...to... 该表格描述了...年到...年间a与b的比例关系 17 急剧地sharply, steeply, dramatically, drastically, suddenly 18 显著地,considerably, significantly, noticeably, remarkably, rapidly 19 稳步地, 逐渐地steadily, moderately, gradually, smoothly 20 轻微地, 缓慢地slightly, slowly, mildly, moderately 21 The following diagram shows the structure of...... 以下的图展示了...的结构 22 The picture illustrates...... 该图展示了... 23 It mainly consists of following steps. 它主要包括以下步骤 24 The whole procedure can be divided into...stages. 整个的过程可以分为...步 25 The first step is to 第一步是...
雅思写作Task2范文：全球化使文化特征消失
雅思写作Task2范文：全球化使文化特征消失 由于通信和交通运输的飞速增长，整个社会迅速全球化。一些人担心这种全球化将导致文化特征的流失。你同意这种说法么？一起来看看这篇雅思范文是如何回答的吧！认真研读一定的雅思范文及作文模板可以帮助我们检验自己的写作水平，并能很好地吸收和应用优秀范文里的优秀内容。 Write about the following topic: As mass communication and transport continue to grow, societies are becoming more and more alike leading to a phenomenon known as globalization. Some people fear that globalization will inevitably lead to the total loss of cultural identity. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Model Answer: Globalization means that in some ways people around the world are becoming more and more similar. We often eat the same food, watch the same TV programmes, listen to the same music and we wear the same clothes. Some of this at least can be blamed on the spread of multinational brands available all over the world. On the surface, it may appear as if the global diversity of cultural identities is being lost. If, the argument goes, people in Tokyo and London look and dress the same, then that must mean that cultural differences are disappearing. However, I would argue that this is a very narrow definition of culture and that in fact cultural differences are as present as ever.
雅思写作话题词汇(全).
雅思写作话题分类词汇 教育与学业 考试频率：★★★★★ Education and study 教育与学业 1、Teaching methods 教学方法 7、Generation gap 代沟 2、Educational facilities 教育设施8、Adolescents’/Teenagers’problems 青少年问题 3、Academic subjects 学校科目9、Studying abroad 留学话题 4、Computer and learning(teaching) 电脑与学习（教学）10、Taking a part-time job 兼职工作 5、Personal development 个人发展11、Parents’/Teachers’responsibilities 父母/教师责任 6、Physical and mental growth 身心成长12、Functions/tuition of university 大学功能/学费 真题重现 In schools and universities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study science subjects. What are the reasons? Do you think this trend should be changed? Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as a good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 分类词汇加油站 1. scope of knowledge 知识面 2.lighten the burden of 减轻了…的负担 https://www.360docs.net/doc/2b9924153.html,prehensive knowledge 广博的知识 4.long-distance education 远程教育 5.enrich the teaching method 丰富教育手段 6.teaching\pedagogical methodology 教学方法 7.schooling 学校教育parenting、upbringing 家庭教育8.impart\inculcate knowledge 传授知识 9.multi-media teaching 多媒体教学10.vocational education 职业教育11.down-to-earth, practical 切合实际的12.enlightening 予以人启迪的13.perplexing 令人困惑的 14.the cultural diversity 文化的多元性15.insightful 富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的16.undertake the due obligations 承担责任17.exam-oriented education 应试教育 18.develop our creative mind 培养我们创造性思维19.widen one’s knowledge 拓展知识面20.realize the value of life 实现生命价值
雅思考试高频词汇汇总下载
雅思考试高频词汇汇总下载 雅思高频同义词 synthetic, fabricated, contrived, fake, mock, bogus, counterfeit, pseudo ☆conventional traditional, historical, past; accepted, common, regular, routine, mainstream, ordinary ☆demand request, claim, need, order, require, call for ☆decline decrease, degeneration, drop, fall, recession, depression, reduction, slump, worsening ☆develop evolve, advance, grow, improve, progress, flourish ☆difficulty handicap, hardship, adversity, challenge, complication, dilemma, perplexity, plight, trouble ☆early first, old, ancient, primitive, previous, former, remote ☆find discover, come across, encounter, hit on, expose, notice, note, observe, recognize, spot, uncover ☆future what's next, prospect, approaching, expected, destined, forthcoming
雅思图表题必背短语及词汇
图表题必背短语及词汇 开头段（改写原题,替换） 1.Show/ compare/ illustrate 2.Proportion/ percentage 3.Categories/kinds/types 4.The UK/Britain/the United Kingdom https://www.360docs.net/doc/2b9924153.html,rmation/data(注意data不能加s) 6.Males/men females/women 7.From(年代)to(年代)/between(年代)and(年代)/over a period of …years 8.Subway system/underground railway system/underground train system 9.Store/shop 10.The number of+可数名词复数形式/the figure for+可数名词复数形式 11.The amount of something+不可数名词/ the figure for+不可数名词 主体段 上升：go up / increase/rise/grow/show an upward trend/show a downward trend 下降：decline/fall/drop/decrease/fall back to 回落到……/fell steadily平稳的下降从。。。上升或者下降。。。的介词搭配from…to…/by(表幅度) 波动：fluctuate(没有被动形式)常见搭配：fluctuate between…and… 表示稳定某一水平的短语：remain stable at/level off at(后面都要跟具体的数字或百分比) 经历了某种变化的及物动词：see/experience/witness(只要图里存在着时间上的跨度就一定能够用的上) 例如：see an opposite trend呈现出相反的趋势/experience a sharp rise from 到达最高点：peak at/reach its peak at 介绍趋势时表示达到。。。或者位于。。。的动词：reach达到/stand at位于 表示占多少份额的动词：account for/make up/represent/constitute 表示对将来预测的动词：expect/predict/project(这三个词经常以被动形式出现。而且，尽管是描述未来的数字，be动词仍然用一般现在时be expected to) 表示变成原来数值的两倍或者三倍的词：double/increase twofold/triple三倍（全都是及物动词，但要注意的这几个词都是表达同一个事物在不同时间的倍数关系） 表示是另一个事物的两倍或者三倍的表达：be twice as high/long/fast/popular as Be three times as……as 表示始终高于或者始终低于的句型：be consistently higher/lower than 表示原有差距变小或者变大的句型：the gap between …and…narrows(narrowed)/widens(widened) 表示原来少于但后来超过的及物动词：exceed(后边跟阿拉伯数字或者百分数) Overtake (过去式overtook，后面跟比较对象) 表示急剧的形容词sharp(ly)/rapid(ly)/dramatic(ally) 表示持续的形容词gradual(ly)/consistent(ly)/steady(steadily) 表示显著的。大幅度的形容词：significant(ly)/noticeable(去e加ly)/considerable(去e加ly) 表示很小幅度的词：slight(ly)
雅思范文：Going global
Going global It’s almost impossible for people nowadays to image what our life would be if we are not in a process that is called globalization. The great economists have already figured out the benefits brought by international trade which is part of going global, and we have to admit this even from real life experience if you know the coffee in your cap is from Vietnam. Thanks to global community, you can get the Australian oatmeal and black tea of Sri Lanka just from the supermarket’s shelves of your neighborhood. And don’t forget why Julian Assange, an ordinary individual, enraged Washington? Obviously it’s because thousands of people just like you can get the secrets of authorities conveniently from the global internet. Though it brings us such a lot of advantages, there still have some people who accuse of and oppose globalization. Their reasons concentrate on the diversity of culture which seems to diminish during the progress. So if we can’t ignore either of the cultural impacts and economy utility, w e’d better combined them when re-evaluate going global. Toward a definition of globalization In order to better understand each point of view and to access Kofi Annan’s statement, “It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity.”We need to explain what is globalization and compare different definitions to have a neutral and general definition on which everybody agrees. The term globalization should be used to refer to a set of social processes that are thought to transform our present social condition into one of globality. At its core, then, globalization is about shifting forms of human contact. Global culture: sameness or difference? Does globalization make people around the world more alike or more different? This is the question most frequently raised in discussion on the subject of cultural globalization. Apparently, global culture homogeneity has immensely enriched the lives of the denizens in developing countries. For instance, now Hollywood blockbusters typically get their first screening in China within a couple of days after their American premiere and youths in China can download singles topping billboard charts from the internet without having to scout around in a CD store. Enhance TV connectivity affords Chinese viewers chances to see primetime American TV shows. This ease of access to a multitude of foreign amusements has really brightened up the lives of many. Conversely, the global cultural sameness severely undermines the cultural diversity in the world. Nowhere is the decline of cultural diversity more manifest than with the youngsters. Today，In Chinese metropolises, it is a common sight that twenty-some things stroll down the billboard-lined sidewalks，sporting Nike sweatshirts and Adidas sneakers，with Motorola cell phones in their hands and Apple’s ipod clipped on their belts. And it is equally commonplace that adolescents. whose hair is dyed yellow or purple, don their baggy outfits and bust moves to hip-hop music. All these seem just so pretentious for a culture that valued modesty, humility and moderation for over three thousand years. In the second place, indiscriminate embracing of the American popular culture diminished the sense of pride and dignity of developing-country peoples. Traditions, rituals, mores and the languages of a culture are all unifying forces of a nation and the decline of them erodes the national identity and national pride of a country. Lastly, cultural westernization breeds massive unemployment in entertainment, publishing and design industries of developing countries. The inundation by foreign products drives local business out of the market and renders vast numbers of professionals jobless.
雅思写作高频词汇替换
Think: believe, argue, hold, maintain, contend, claim, advocate, assert, feel Advantages & disadvantages:benefits & drawbacks/risks, positive side & negative side, bright side & dark side/ flip side/ downside, pros & cons, strengths & weaknesses, merits & demerits Important: key, crucial, critical, paramount, imperative, major 高频动词： 1. 提高：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen optimize the resource allocation 2. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize = endanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with = do with 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down + the old houses 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture + independence 6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 导致: lead to = contribute to = result in (+名词the extinction of wild species不用the wild species to die out) 原因：owing to sth./thanks to sth. (不用从句)，原因状语从句用because/since 8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve +one’s ambition 9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold = conserve + their customs and language 10. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten + financial burden 高频形容词： 1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable = disadvantageous 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent （贬义词）= pervasive Some people believe that corporal punishment is useful to foster children’s discipline, and this attitude still prevails among many parents. The Hollywood film tends to be a reflection of the violence that pervades American culture. Advertising, using media as its vehicle, is a pervasive, powerful force shaping attitudes and behavior in today's world. 高频名词： 1. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens = the