扫雪机的历史外文文献翻译、环卫机械设备中英文翻译、外文翻译

中国地质大学长城学院

本科毕业论文外文资料翻译

系别：工程技术系

专业：机械设计制造及其自动化

姓名：郝晓蒂

学号： 05211429

2015年 4 月 3 日

History Of The Snowblower

So who did invent the snowblower or snowthrower? We need to begin by qualifying that question since there are a number of answers depending on your interest. Some notable firsts would be:

●The first machine to clear snow by throwing or blowing it

●The first fully mobile snow clearing machine?

●The first domestic walk-behind snow blower

The latter is the one people generally think of and have the most interest in. It is also the one that has the most elusive answer.

Chapter 1

So where did it all begin? Looking back in time we need to consider where would there be a need to remove snow while having a source of power available? The need and the enabling power were found on the railways of the U.S. snowbelt and in Canada. The earliest documented art belongs to a Toronto dentist known as J/W Elliot. His 1869 patent #390 design was never built.

The story next takes us to Orangeville Ontario, Canada where we find Orange Jull, a gristmill operator and inventor. In 1884 he applied for a patent and was subsequently granted patent #18506. Jull did not have the means to build and commercialize his invention so he contracted the local Leslie brothers to build the machines.

The Jull/Leslie machines were self powered but not self propelled. A locomotive was used to move the machine. The Jull design consisted of 2 large inline fans rotating in opposite directions. The lead fan chewed into and pulverized the snow while blowing it back into the discharge fan, which propelled it into the sky. Due to clogging problems it was simplified to a single fan. Further changes to effectively control the discharge were made including a movable deflector and pitching impeller blades. Production was moved to the Cook locomotive works in several locations. Additional machines were built under license. Finally 5 machines were "home built" by end users with the last one finished in 1971. In all 146 were built.

Later work consisted of fortifying the design to deal with the hazards of the unknown. Tracks were often blocked with fallen trees and other debris that were concealed in the snow. Legend has it that in one case a herd of cattle were trapped and buried under the snow on the rail bed. As the rotary snowplow progressed forward beefsteaks were flying. They remained in production into the 1950s and a few are still in service today. Many survive as museum pieces with an occasional demonstration.

Following his collaboration with the Leslie Brothers Orange Jull went on to create a next generation machine. This design utilized a screw auger to collect the snow. It was not as effective,

especially in deep snow and only eleven were ever built. Sadly all have been scrapped.

All of the available photos and drawings of these machines are on enthusiasts sites where they are best viewed.. A Google search using Jull snowblower as keywords will deliver hours of reading and nostalgia. On You-tube you may be able to find " The Return of Rotary #1 ". A search for "rotary snowplow" found this video.

Chapter 2

Our next installment finds Arthur Sicard, circa 1894, an 18 year old working on the family dairy farm in Saint-Leonard-de-Port-Maurice, Quebec. Snowstorms being frequent and dairy products being perishable motivated him to find a better snow removal means.

Motivation found inspiration one day when he saw a new piece of farm machinery called the thresher. If this machine could gather grain perhaps he could use the design to gather and move snow. It wasn't long before he had built and tested his first prototype however it bogged down in snow. His notion was dismissed by those around him and he went on unsupported in his pursuit. He went on to make a life for himself in Montreal until finally in 1925, 31 years later he astonished the people of that city with his "Sicard Snow Remover Snowblower". The first sale was to the nearby town of Outremont, in 1927.

The Sicard name has been synonymous with large snowblowers ever since. My hometown had a Sicard unit mounted to an old Michigan front end loader for several decades.

Chapter 3

The curious question then becomes when did the walk behind domestic snowblower emerge? The Toro website makes the claim that Toro introduced the first snowthrower, the Snowhound in 1951. Ariens entered snow moving the market in 1952 with an attachment for it's Yardster series. The Ariens Sno-Thro series was launched in 1960. Simplicty followed in 1962. The earliest confirmed Gilson dates back to 1966. Meanwhile dozens of others launched product lines.This of course is in the context of domestic walk-behind units. If you have an early machine I'd appreciate a picture and brief story. Of all of the archival material I have amassed nothing points to an earlier machine. The 1951 Toro was not the driveway behemoth than many of us use today as can be seen in the photo.

In my Vintage Machine Showcase you can get a sense of the diversity found in the early machines and a search of patents will reveal even more radical designs.

Machines of modern proportions began to emerge in the 1960's. The small-scale brands slowly disappeared and most were gone by the 1980s. The Gilson snow blower line launched in 1966. The full sized gear drives continued to evolve through the decade and with the introduction of the Unitrol machines in 1970 Gilson had 2 full size formats that evolved into the 1980s. The small Gilson single stage models were discontinued after the 1970 model year.

Just as the small scale models were fading away the industry was turned on it's head with the introduction of "personal sized" 2 stroke machines. The models were easy to handle, store and pay for. They pack enough power to handle a significant storm if you are patient enough to let it eat the elephant one bite at a time. Gilson was an early player with some patent action and the Snow-Cannon was a hit.

Horsepower grew over the years. Early machines were in the 3-4 horsepower range. In 1970 8HP was the big machine. By 1980 most brands included a 10 or even 11 HP machine. Today 13 HP models easy to find.

The 21st century brought power accessories. Manufacturers are offering heated handles, motorized chute rotators and you can find machines that have onboard battery power to allow electric starting when away from household power. While engine powered lighting is nothing new it is becoming far more common.

The other big story is consolidation. Where there used to be scores of suppliers there are now essentially 7. Promotional grade machines (I'm being kind here) are made by MTD, Murray and AYP. Quality machine are built by Simplicity, Ariens, Toro and Honda. Virtually any machine you can find on the market, regardless of the brand is from one of these sources. The exceptions as small players such as attachments for BCS tillers. The age of the mass merchandiser has forced everyone to slash cost in pursuit of market share. The quality brands often sell machines in several tiers with one targeted at the promotional grade competition.

What do the coming decades hold for snowblower users? The market moves slowly. While nearly every homeowner owns a lawn mower the snowblower market is confined to the snowbelt region and many property owners choose not to own such a machine. That being said it is a small piece of the pie that has a hard time attracting R&D money. The basic concepts have been quite stable for along time. Ecology has been a big driver of engine refinements and this is likely to continue. Much of the recent work has been value engineering with most of the benefit going to the manufacturers. The brute strength built into the machines of yesteryear is gone forever. We can only hope that future machines will not be overburdened with fragile accessories. Other than that we will all have to wait and see what blows in the future.

扫雪机的历史

所以谁发明了扫雪机？我们需要开始的排位赛，因为有许多问题的答案取决于你的兴趣。一些值得注意的第一次是：

●第一台通过投掷或吹雪清除雪的机器

●什么是第一个完全移动清理雪的机器?

●第一个国内手动除雪机

后者通常是人们最感兴趣的一个，但是也是最难回答的一个。

第1章

那么这一切在哪里开始?回首往事时我们需要考虑在哪里有需要清除雪虽然有一个电源可用?这种需要和力量在美国多雪地带和在加拿大的铁路被发现。最早的记载艺术属于一个叫J / W埃利奥特的多伦多牙医。他1869年专利390号设计从来没有建造。

接下来的故事发生在加拿大，奥兰治维尔安大略，是发现Orange Jull的地方。Orange Jull是磨坊的操作员和发明者。1884年他申请了专利，随后被授予专利18506号。Jull 没有建立和推广他的发明，他承包了当地的莱斯利兄弟建造机器的装置。

Jull/莱斯利机器可以自行供电但是却不能自己行走。所以利用火车头来移动机器。Jull设计有两大内联风扇在相反的方向旋转。风扇将雪粉碎成沫，再经由排风扇将其吹向天空。由于堵塞问题，所以将风扇简化成单扇。为了有效地控制放电，将其进一步改变成一个可移动的偏转和俯仰叶轮叶片。产品被转移到几个做机车厂的地方。额外的机器是建立在许可证下。最后5台“家庭建设”是在1971年通过最终用户的最后一个完成的。一共共建造146台机器。

接下来的工作是设计处理未知的危险。通常是阻止倒下的树木和其他隐藏在雪地里的碎片。传说，有一次牛群被困，埋在雪下的床身导轨。旋转扫雪机前进过程中，牛排是飞行的。它们一直生产到上个世纪50年代，有一些甚至用到了今天。还有一些偶尔展示在博物馆。

与莱斯利兄弟合作后Orange Jull继续创建了下一代机器。这次设计利用了螺旋钻来收集雪。但不是很有效，尤其是在积雪厚只有11厘米的地方，所以很遗憾的都被取消了。

在图纸爱好者网站上这些所有可用的图片和绘画是这些机器最好的归宿。在谷歌上输入Jull扫雪机的关键字，那么你将花费几个小时的时间阅读和怀旧。在You-tube上，你可以找到“扶轮1号的回归”相关话题，还可以搜索发现“旋转扫雪机”的视频。

第2章

大约在1894年，我们进一步的发现亚瑟西卡德，一个18岁在圣伦纳德的毛里斯港的家庭农场努力工作。暴风雪的频繁发生和奶制品的腐烂使他找到了一个更好地除雪动力装置。

这个动机的灵感来自于，有一天他发现一个叫做脱粒机的农场机械。如果这种机器可以收集粮食，那么或许他可以利用这种设计来收集和清除雪。不久之后，他完成了他的第一个原型，并进行测试，然而机器却陷在雪里。他的观点没有被周围的人理解，他的追求人们并不支持。他独自一人前往蒙特利尔生活，一直到1925年，31年后，他发明的“西卡德除雪机”令那些城市的人感到惊讶。他第一次卖出扫雪机，是在1927年，卖到了附近的外山镇。

西卡德的名字因此成为了大型除雪机的代名词。我的家乡有一个西卡德机器安装到了旧密歇根，使用了几十年。

第3章

人们好奇的问题变成了国内可以行走的除雪机是什么时候发明的？托罗网站上说第

一台行走扫雪机是托罗在1951年提出的。这种机器和其附件Yardster系列在1952年进入扫雪机市场。该产品的Sno-Thro系列在1960年问世。Simplicty也在1962年紧随其后生产出来。这最早的确认的Gilson产品要追溯到1966年。与此同时，其他许多公司也推出了生产线。这项发明当然是国内第一个行走单位。如果你有一个早期的机器，我可以欣赏它的图片和简短的故事。我积累了所有早期机器的档案资料。1951年托罗并不是我们今天看到的照片中的那样。

在我的古董机展示中，你可以了解发现早期机器和搜索多样性的专利，从而显示更加激进的设计。

现代机器的模型在20世纪60年代开始出现。小规模品牌慢慢消失，20世纪80年代之前的都成为了过去。Gilson除雪机成立于1966年，全尺寸齿轮驱动器通过十年的不断发展，在1970年引进Unitrol机器。20世纪80年代Gilson 2演变为全尺寸格式。小的Gilson单级模型在1970年停产。

小规模模型消失后，这个行业推出了“个人型号”的冲程机器。模型很容易处理，存储和支付。如果你有足够的耐心让它吃一头大象，他们就有足够的权利来处理强大的风暴。Gilson是一个早期的专利行动的球员也是雪炮的打击。

多年后马力增长。早期的机器是3-4的马力。1970年第8代惠普是大型机器。到1980年，包括第10代甚至第11代惠普机器在内的大多数品牌都已经出现。在今天，惠普13

模型也很容易找到。

21世纪是电力配件。制造商提供加热处理，电槽转子，你可以找到机器主板电池，可以在远离家庭的时候启动。而发动机动力照明就不是什么新鲜事情了。

另一个故事是整理。那里曾经有许多供应商。促销级的机器是由MTD,Murray和AYP

传达出来。质量好的机器制造是由Simplicity，Ariens，Toro和Honda。市场上几乎任何种机器你都可以找到，无论品牌是其中哪一个来源。作为BCS分蘖的小球员例外。大量商人的出现导致每个人不得不削减成本追求市场份额。质量品牌通常出售几个层次机器在针对促销级竞争。

扫雪机用户的未来几十年将是什么样的呢？市场变换很慢。虽然几乎每家都拥有割草机的扫雪机市场，但扫雪机的使用仅限于多雪地区，许多业主选择不买这种机器。也就是

说这是一小块蛋糕，很难吸引研发资金。随着时间的推移，基本概念已经相当稳定。生态环境是一个强大的推动力，且会一直延续下去。最近大多工作已经被大多数工厂利益去制造有价值的工程。昔日的制造机器的蛮力已经一去不复返了，我们只能希望，未来的机器不会配置过多的脆弱零件。除此之外，我们都将等待，看看未来的打击。