广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三第一学期第一次调研考试英语试题 Word版含解析
深圳外国语学校2020-2021学年高三第一学期第一次调研考
试
英语试题
第一部分听力（共两节, 满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A.19.15
B.9.18
C.9.15
答案是C。
1. Who lost an iPad ?
A. Tom
B. Bill
C. Mike
2. Where does the conversation probably take place ?
A. In a hospital
B. In a classroom
C. In a library
3. What will the woman do next ?
A. Bring the man a new salad
B. Take away the man’s cola
C Give the man some cheese
4. Why will the man get home late today ?
A. To work overtime B . To see Gina off C. To have fun in a club
5. How did Jane spend the weekend?
A. Visiting the museum
B. Doing some cleaning
C. Helping his uncle on the farm
第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man say about Kate ?
A. She is at a university
B. She is Gina’s friend
C. She works in a company
7. How many countries will Kate visit ?
A. Three
B. Five
C. Six
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What is the woman doing ?
A. Buying a car
B. Learning to drive
C. Having her car repaired
9. What’s the matter with the car ?
A. There isn’t enoug h oil
B. The engine breaks down
C There ‘s something wrong with the battery.
10. What’s the lowest price of the car ?
A. 46,000 yuan
B. 48,000 yuan
C. 50,000 yuan
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11 When will the man leave the hotel?
A. On April 26
B. On April 27
C. On April 29
12 What is available in the room?
A. A. Fridge
B. A computer
C. A good view of the beach
13 What does the man ask about in the end ?
A. Price
B. Breakfast
C. Wireless network
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14 What’s the probable relationship between the speakers ?
A. Colleagues
B. Husband and wife C, Police and resident
15 What did the animal do outside the door ?
A. It ate the man’s watermelon.
B. It scratched the door
C .It attacked the man
16 Where was the animal when the officers arrived ?
A. On a fence
B. Outside the door
C. In the bathroom
17 What has the man learned about the animal ?
A. It mainly feels on fruit
B. Its owner has a proper permit
C I t lives on the mountains of South America.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18 What is the speaker mainly talking about ?
A. Solving mental health problems.
B .Preparing students for university.
C. Choosing proper courses at university
19 What are the teacher’s questions like ?
A. Questions students think little about
B. Questions students can answer easily
C. Questions students are interested in
20 How do students feel about university life ?
A. Excited and confident
B. Excited but nervous
C Nervous but confident
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
LegalShield is the alternative way of working with a lawyer/law firm. We have been offering prepaid legal plans to consumers for over 47 years. One low monthly price with no long-term commitments provides legal coverage for you and your entire family.
The truth is that most lawyers charge hundreds per hour for their services. It takes time and effort to find the right one, and when you do, they’re always busy, hard to access and charging for every second of your time (even on email). You can stop watching the clock and start speaking to a lawyer with a prepaid legal plan from LegalShield for only $24.95 per month.
With a LegalShield protection plan, you only have to pay a small monthly fee in exchange for
round-the-clock legal protection. When you have a legal issue, need help with a contract, or just want advice, our lawyers are just a call or click away.
Step 1: Enroll & Download
Enroll in your LegalShield plan. Once a member, you’ll be instantly matched with a premier local law firm that meets your unique legal needs. Then, download our app, and access all our legal resources anytime, right from your phone.
Step 2: Use the App for All Your Legal Needs
Open up the App anytime a legal need or question arises. Whether it’s an emergency or just a proactive plan for the future, the App is your place to address it.
●Download free legal forms and contracts
●Ask a legal question
●Complete your will or estate plan
●Access prenuptial agreements, di vorce papers and more
●Upload a speeding ticket
●Contact your law firm
You can also view your exclusive member perks and discounts on the App, so be sure to check this area regularly.
Step 3: Get Legal Help When You Need It
If you ever need emergency help, your App can connect you with legal assistance anytime, day or night. With the App, you always have legal counsel ready and waiting — right in your back pocket.
1. What do we know about LegalShield?
A. It serves people over 47 years old.
B. It offers 24-hour legal protection.
C. It protects you from having trouble.
D. It provides better post-paid service.
2. What’s the advantage of LegalShield compared to most lawyers?
A. It’s more money-saving and convenient.
B. It’s more professional and time efficient.
C. It’s more accessible in all conditions.
D. It can answer more questions over the phone.
3. Being a member of LegalShield, by checking their App often, you may .
A. get extra service for free
B. pay for their service by hour
C. pay less than $24.95 per month for service
D. get the help from the best lawyers nationwide
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
本文是应用文。文章介绍了LegalShield法律服务公司的服务内容、优势、加入方法和其应用程序的便捷服务。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“With a LegalShield protection plan, you only have to pay a small monthly fee in exchange for round-the-clock legal protection. (使用LegalShield保护计划，你只需每月支付少量费用，就能获得24小时的法律保护)”可知，LegalShield法律服务公司提供24小时的法律保护。故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The truth is that most lawyers charge hundreds per hour for their services. It takes time and effort to find the right one, and when you do, they’re always busy, hard to access and charging for every second of your time (even on email). You can stop watching the clock and start speaking to a lawyer with a prepaid legal plan from LegalShield for only $24.95 per month. (事实上，大多数律师每小时收费数百美元。找到合适的律师需要花费时间和精力，而当你找到合适的律师时，他们总是很忙，很难接触，而且要为你的每一秒时间收费（即使是在邮件上）。你可以不用再看时间了，只要每月24.95美元，你就可以和LegalShield公司的预付法律计划的律师交谈)”可知，找到一个合适的律师费钱费时费精力，而LegalShield更省钱便捷。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Step 2最后一句“You can also view your exclusive member perks and discounts on the App, so be sure to check this area regularly. (你也可以在应用程序上查看你的独家会员优惠和折扣，所以要定期查看这个区域)”可知，App上的会员有优惠和打折，经常查看的话，你的月付服务费会有折扣，会低于$24.95。故选C。
B
A study has warned that seafood supplies from the world's oceans could be almost gone by the middle of the century. The researchers say there has already been a breakdown in wild populations of almost one third of currently fished sea-foods. The study says that means their catch has fallen by ninety percent from their highest level. Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia Canada led the intentional team that did the study. Professor Worm says species have recently been disappearing from oceans at an increasing speed. At this rate he says all seafood species could collapse by 2048.
Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and the effects on ocean environments. But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty, in, fifty years.Some scientists said parts of the world do have problems but others arc doing a good job of protecting fish populations. Government officials in several countries with large fishing industries also questioned the research.
The study appeared earlier this month in Science magazine.
The researchers say damage to oceans affects not only fish populations but also the productivity of ecosystems. These complex systems help control water quality. The scientists say the loss of different kinds of sea life appears to increase the risk of fish kills and beach closures from harmful algae growth.
The scientists examined the results of thirty-two experiments and observed forty-eight protected areas. They also looked at records of catches worldwide. They studied records from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization from 1950 to 2003. And they examined archaeological information and other historical records for twelve coastal areas. That research reached back over a thousand years.
Boris Worm says the findings are, in his words, “beyond anything we suspected.”But he also said the situation is not too late to core. He said that with good fisheries management, some species could completely recover in three to ten years.
4. The two underlined words “their” in the first paragraph most probably mean .
A researchers' B. fisherman's
C. sea foods'
D. the oceans'
5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. All the scientists don't believe that all seafood species will disappearing very soon
B. Most government officials disagree to the seafood-disappearing research
C. Some scientists are doing a good job of protecting fish populations
D. It's too late to take any action to improve the situation.
6. According to Boris Worm, .
A. Some people are doing a good job of protecting fish populations
B. Overfishing is one of the causes for the loss of seafood species
C. things are getting worse though efforts can be made
D. some more species will come into being with right measures
7. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To call on people to protect the ocean environment
B. To introduce a study about the disappearing of sea foods
C. To report different opinions about the seafood research
D. To criticize the present fisheries management
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。一项研究警告说，到本世纪中叶，来自世界海洋的海产品供应可能几乎消失，其他研究也对过度捕捞的危险和对海洋环境的影响提出了警告。但是也有人对研究提出了质疑，有些地区在保护鱼类种群方面做得很好。如果渔业管理得当，一些物种可以在3到10年内完全恢复。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段The researchers say there has already been a breakdown in wild populations of almost one third of currently fished sea-foods. 研究人员说，在目前捕捞的海产品中，近三分之一的野生种群已经灭绝。所以研究表明，这意味着海产品的捕获量比最高水平下降了90%。根据上下文的语境判断出，their指的是“海产品的”。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty in fifty tears.不是所有的人都认为50年内海洋会枯竭。所以并不是所有的科学家都相信所有的海鲜物种都会很快消失。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and the effects on ocean environments. 其他研究也对过度捕捞的危险和对海洋环境的影响提出了警告。根据最后一段He said that with good fisheries management, some species could completely recover in three to ten years. 如果渔业管理得当，一些物种可以在3到10年内完全恢复。由此判断出，据鲍里斯·沃姆说，过度捕捞是导致海产品物种灭绝的原因之一。故选B项。【7题详解】
推理判断题。一项研究警告说，到本世纪中叶，来自世界海洋的海产品供应可能几乎消失，其他研究也对过度捕捞的危险和对海洋环境的影响提出了警告。但是也有人对研究提出了质疑，有些地区在保护鱼类种群方面做得很好。如果渔业管理得当，一些物种可以在3到10年内完全恢复。由此判断出，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一项关于海产品消失的研究。故选B项。
C
You can count on the fact that cocoa bean planting is bad for the environment—especially for the rainforests of West Africa. That’s enough to make some consumers think about giving up chocolate. But what if we could enjoy chocolate without climate guilt? In fact, we can, because when cocoa is grown sustainably, it can actually help save the world.
Cocoa beans grow on shrubs that are often planted in the open but can also grow better under large rainforest trees. Well-managed shade-grown cacao trees can store a significantly higher amount of carbon than annual crops—up to three times the amount stored by cacao trees grown in full sun. Shade-grown cacao trees are also more drought-tolerant and weed-resistant than those grown in the open. They are friendlier to wildlife, improving biodiversity.
The problem is not that cacao trees can’t help the environment. The problem is that too few of them do. The reasons for this are complex, but mainly boil down to lack of resources, lack of information and insecure land tenure( 保有期). Many West African cacao farmers a re sharecroppers. They can’t remove old, diseased trees because this would risk losing the land. They can’t afford to plant new trees, either. As a result, new cacao farms are usually created by businessmen who cut down trees and create chemical-intensive( 大量使用化学物品的) plantations, which both pollute and reduce biodiversity.
As the planet grows warmer and drier, though, these high-productive, full-sun cacao varieties are becoming weaker in the heat. Many small cacao farms in West Africa’s cocoa belt, which
supplies up to 70 percent of the world’s cocoa, now suffer from low productivity. But there is hope. When cost and land tenure issues are solved, farmers are more than willing to grow cacao trees in the shade.
Trees are the most important weapons in the fight against climate change. So enjoy your chocolate—provided that it’s a sustainable, shade-grown brand. In fact, buy, eat and give as much of it as you like. The world will thank you.
8. Which of the following can store the largest amount of carbon?
A. Local annual crops that grow near the water.
B. Cacao trees that grow in full sun.
C. Cacao trees that grow under the shade.
D. Newly planted cacao trees that have most leaves.
9. What is the current problem according to the passage?
A. There are not enough cacao trees to take effect.
B. Pollution from chemical plants poisons cacao trees.
C. Only a part of the cacao trees can help the environment.
D. Local cacao farmers run chemical-intensive plantations.
10. What is a possible solution to the low productivity of cacao farms in the cocoa belt?
A. Making improvement to cacao varieties by means of chemicals.
B. Encouraging farmers to grow cacao trees under rainforest trees through some supporting measures.
C. Providing shade for originally full-sun cacao trees in the warmer and drier region.
D. Inviting successful businessmen to manage cacao farms in West Africa’s cocoa belt.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. West Africa’s Cocoa Belt Is in Danger
B. Sustainable Brands Help Save the World
C. How Chocolate Can Help Save the Planet
D. How We Can Enjoy Food Without Climate Guilt
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了种植可持续性可可树的举措和历史缘由以及现存问题。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Well-managed shade-grown cacao trees can store a significantly higher amount of carbon than annual crops—up to three times the amount stored by cacao trees grown in full sun.”（管理良好的遮荫生长的可可树可以比一年生作物储存多得多的碳——是在充足阳光下生长的可可树储存碳量的三倍。）可知，生长在阴影下的可可树能存储更多的碳。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The problem is not that cacao trees can’t help the e nvironment. The problem is that too few of them do. The reasons for this are complex, but mainly boil down to lack of resources, lack of information and insecure land tenure( 保有期 ). ”（问题不在于可可树不能保护环境。问题是它们中很少能做到这一点。造成这种情况的原因很复杂，但主要归结为缺乏资源、缺乏信息和土地使用权不安全）可知，目前的问题是没有足够的可可树发挥作用。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When cost and land tenure issues are solved, farmers are more than willing to grow cacao trees in the shade.”（当成本和土地使用权问题解决后，农民更愿意在树荫下种植可可树。）可推测，通过一些支持措施，鼓励农民在热带雨林下种植可可树可能解决可可带可可农场生产率低的问题。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Trees are the most important weapons in the fight against climate change. So enjoy your chocolate—provided that it’s a sustainable, shade-grown brand. In fact, buy, eat and give as much of it as you like. The world will thank you.”（树木是对抗气候变化最重要的武器。所以尽情享用你的巧克力吧——前提是它是一个可持续的，阴凉生长的品牌。事实上，你想买多少就买多少，想吃多少就吃多少，想给多少就给多少。全世界都会感谢你的。）及全文内容可知，本文讲述的是种植可持续性可可树的举措和历史缘由以及现存问题。“巧克力如何拯救地球”最适合作文章标题。故选C项。
D
This season, the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, this is the most casualties (伤亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that
480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.
Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. “The drier conditions combined with record high temperatu res in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires. Australia’s fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia,” Hausf ather added on Friday. Kevin Trenberth,a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.
Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched (派遣).
12. What are the numbers about in Paragraph 1?
A. The causes of Australian fires.
B. The results of Australian fires.
C. The damaged areas of Australian fires.
D. The property destruction of Australian fires.
13. Which of the following best explains “susceptible to” in the second paragraph?
A. Very quickly to adapt to.
B. Very seriously to focus on.
C. Very easily to be protected against.
D. Very likely to be influenced by.
14. What can we infer from Trenberth’s research?
A. Warmer ocean temperatures promote fires spreading.
B. Longer dry weather contributes to global warming.
C. The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising.
D. Global warming is the root cause of the bushfires.
15. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A. To provide some advice about reducing damage.
B. To show the methods for controlling burns.
C. To predict the seriousness of Australian fires.
D. To stress the effects of Australian fires.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. D 15. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了澳大利亚森林大火的巨大破坏力，分析了大火产生并蔓延的各种原因（条件）。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据原文第一段“This season, the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed.”（这个季节，澳大利亚的森林大火已经烧毁了超过1235万英亩的土地。至少25人死亡，2000所房屋被毁。）可知，其分别从过火面积、人员伤亡和财产损失（房屋损毁）等三个维度描述森林大火的巨大破坏力，本段的数字是关于“森林大火产生的严重后果”的，故选B项。【13题详解】
短语猜测题。由第二段“Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season(加州大学伯克利分校地球分校的能源系统分析师和气候研究员泽克·豪萨福尔说，气温升高和极端天气使澳大利亚更容易发生火灾，并延长了高火险季节的持续时间)”可推测，气温升高和极端天气更容易发生火灾，more susceptible to的含义与“更易遭受……，更容易受到……影响”接近或相同，与D项“Very likely to be influenced by(很容易受……的影响)”意思相近。故选D项。
14题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段的He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to
global warming make drought events longer.(他说，一旦一个地区经历了两个月或更长时间的干旱，它就会增加火灾和火灾蔓延的风险。那些由于全球变暖而改变的天气使得干旱持续的时间更长。)可推断，全球气候变暖是森林火灾的根本原因，其逻辑链条是全球气候变暖导致干旱或延长干旱时间增加火灾风险，增加火灾蔓延风险。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。本题要求推断作者最后一段写作的目的意图，这一段中，气候专家强调，气候变化不是野火严重的唯一因素。土地的管理方式也会影响火灾可用燃料的数量。该段还提到“Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area.(诸如控制性燃烧和其他因素等做法可能会影响火灾对人和财产的风险，如预警系统和特定地区的开发类型。)同时，火灾管理资源分配方式改变的同时，改变这些政策有很大的潜力降低未来野火造成的损害（has great potential to limit future damage）。综上可知，作者在最后一段想要提供一些关于减少火灾损失的建议（To provide some advice about reducing damage.）。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s an argument that every modern parent has had with their child: the battle to break them away from the mobile phone they’re staring at. For children, a smartphone is a window to games, videos and constant interaction with their friends. But for parents, it can feel like a minefield.
____16____
First, it’s worth bearing in mind that screen time can be beneficial. “___17___But they often use them to develop an interest. For instance, if they’re interested in gymnastics, they’ll watch videos of routines and try to learn from them,” Peter Twining, professor of education at the Open University says.
____18____It may help to explain the substantial gap in opinion between children and parents about how much screen time is acceptable. According to a survey, the amount of screen time that adults thought appropriate for children was 1.75 hours, with children believing it to be 3.34 hours.
___19___However, recent research suggests that instead of setting specific time limits for usage, such as a maximum of two hours per day, it’s actually the nature of the screen time that matters. For instance, passively looking through social media posts is less beneficial than actively
playing games, which can improve problem solving skills. A study found that “how children use the devices, not how much time they spend on them, is the strongest predictor of emotional or social problems connected with screen addiction.”
Twining agrees, saying: “I’m less concerned about screen t ime than about the nature of the interaction around the screen. The screen should become a shared focus for interaction with the family rather than an individual activity. The screen shouldn’t be an alternative to communicating with your child. ___20___”
A. It should be an improvement to it.
B. It’s a dilemma to judge which side outweighs the other.
C. A mobile phone is different from traditional land line phones.
D. But at least both parties do recognize that there should be limits.
E. Screen time counts down only during the time a child is signed in.
F. We tend not to recognize the value of what they do on their mobile devices.
G. We should emphasize the difference in understanding children’s mobile phone usage.
【答案】16. B 17. F 18. G 19. D 20. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了父母与孩子之间就孩子使用手机问题上存在的分歧，并提出了专家的相关建议。
【16题详解】
上文“For children, a smartphone is a window to games, videos and constant interaction with their friends. But for parents, it can feel like a minefield.(对孩子们来说，智能手机是玩游戏、看视频以及与朋友们持续互动的窗口。但对父母来说，这就像是一个雷区)”说明对于手机的使用，孩子与父母各执一词，看法不同。B选项“It’s a dilemma to judge which side outweighs the other.(要判断哪一方的地位高于另一方是一个进退两难的问题)”符合语境。故选B项。【17题详解】
上文“First, it’s worth bearing in mind that screen time can be beneficial.(首先，值得记住的是，看屏幕的时间是有益的)”是本段的主题句，是说使用手机是有益的。下文“But they often use them to develop an interest.(但他们经常用它们来培养兴趣)”表示孩子们常常是用手机培养兴趣爱好。F选项“We tend not to recognize the value of what they do on their mobile devices.(我们往往没有意识到他们在移动设备上所做的事情的价值)”说明我们父母们不愿意认可孩子
用手机所做的事情的价值意义。这与空后but后将孩子们用手机培养兴趣爱好，转折合理。故选F项。
【18题详解】
G选项内容“We should emphasize the difference in understanding children’s mobile phone usage.(我们应该重视在看待孩子使用手机问题的差异)”与下文“It may help to explain the substantial gap in opinion between children and parents about how much screen time is acceptable.(这可以有助于解释就多长屏幕时间可以接受这个问题上家长和孩子之间巨大的鸿沟)”中的it相呼应。It 就是指代G项句子。故选G项。
【19题详解】
上文“According to a survey, the amount of screen time that adults thought appropriate for children was 1.75 hours, with children believing it to be 3.34 hours.(一项调查显示，成年人认为适合孩子看屏幕的时间为1.75小时，而孩子们认为是3.34小时)”说明家长和孩子对于使用手机时长问题意见不一。D选项“But at least both parties do recognize that there should be limits.(但至少双方认识到应该有限制)”与上文过度合理。下文“However, recent research suggests that instead of setting specific time limits for usage, such as a maximum of two hours per day, it’s actually the nature of the screen time that matters.(然而，最近的研究表明，与其设定特定的使用时间限制，比如每天最多使用两个小时，事实上，重要的是屏幕使用时间的本质)”仍然是说对手机使用时长问题。故选D项。
【20题详解】
上文“The screen shouldn’t be an alternative to communicating with your child.(屏幕不应该成为与孩子交流的替代品)”说明手机不应该是家长和孩子交流的一个选择。A选项“It should be an improvement to it.(这应该是对它的改进)”说明它应该是家长孩子沟通交流的一个改善或促进。主语It指代the screen，句末it指代communicating with your child。故选A项。
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ecology is a complicated thing. Given the facts that elephant damage often kills trees and bush fires often kill trees, it would be____21____to assume that a combination of the two would make things worse. Contrary to this assumption, ____22____, as the recently-published research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can____23____help to make
things better.
One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping(剥) them of their bark(树皮). Dr Wigley, who did indeed start from the obvious____24____, set off to find out how much worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping. To serve this purpose, he set up a study in the Kruger National Park. Since 1954, the Kruger has been the site of experiments in which plots of land have been burned____25____, to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology. In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively____26____fire. To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of the same tree species, the marula(马鲁拉树), in all three zones. He picked marulas because they are particular____27____of elephant activity. Their fruit are delicious, and prized by elephants and people alike. But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark. In July 2016 he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to____28____from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter. Having imposed this damage, they____29____the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what would happen. To their____30____, they discovered that the wounds of trees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that had seen no fires at all. Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re-grew 98% of their lost____31____during the two years of the study. Those living in the biennial(两年一次的) burn zone re-grew 92% of it. But those in the zone where fires were____32____re-grew only 72%.
The researchers also found something else when they were measuring the trees’ wounds: ants. Ten of the 20 trees in the fire-prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds. The ants in question were a species that is known to damage trees and is supposed to____33____tissue healing. By contrast, only five trees in the biennial burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants’ nests in their wounds. It looks, therefore, as if bush fires are treating trees’ wounds by killing ants that might____34____colonize and damage them. Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are
actually____35____to sick ones.
21. A. difficult B. reasonable C. necessary D. awful
22. A. however B. therefore C. furthermore D. somehow
23. A. uniquely B. barely C. actually D. merely
24. A. phenomenon B. evidence C. imagination D. assumption
25. A. equally B. regularly C. severely D. purposely
26. A. burnt with B. protected from C. covered by D. exposed to
27. A. participants B. partners C. victims D. friends
28. A. mark B. remove C. hit D. measure
29. A. regulated B. checked C. healed D. monitored
30. A. disappointment B. surprise C. joy D. relief
31. A. vitality B. height C. bark D. strength
32. A. controlled B. prevented C. started D. boosted
33. A. disturb B. promote C. impact D. quicken
34. A. therefore B. nevertheless C. then D. otherwise
35. A. beneficial B. unbelievable C. effective D. cruel 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了维格利博士通过实验发现丛林大火实际上对被大象破坏的树木是有益的。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到大象的伤害经常会导致树木死亡，而丛林大火也经常会导致树木死亡的事实，我们有理由认为两者的结合会使情况更糟。A. difficult困难的；B. reasonable合理的、有理由的；C. necessary必要的；D. awful可怕的。大象的伤害经常会导致树木死亡，而灌木丛大火也经常会导致树木死亡，所以我们有理由认为两者的结合会使生态变得更糟，故B项正确。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，与这个假设相反，正如本杰明·维格利最近发表的研究所显示的，如果一棵树已经被损坏，火灾实际上可以帮助改善情况。A. however然而；B. therefore 因此；C. furthermore此外；D. somehow不知何故。空前的“Contrary to this assumption”表明接下来介绍的情况与前面的假设相反，此处表示转折，故A项正确。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. uniquely独特地；B. barely勉强；C. actually实际上；D. merely 仅仅。根据空前的“Contrary to this assumption”可知，与这个假设相反，火灾实际上可以帮助改善情况，故C项正确。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：维格利博士确实是从一个显而易见的假设出发的，他开始着手研究丛林大火对树皮剥落的影响有多严重。A. phenomenon现象；B. evidence证据； C. imagination想象；D. assumption假设。空后说为了达到这个目的，他在克鲁格国家公园设立了一个研究中心，自1954年以来，为了了解火灾对平原生态的影响，人们一直在克鲁格进行实验，定期焚烧小块土地，由此可知，维格利博士的研究是从一个假设出发的，故D项正确。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：自1954年以来，为了了解火灾对平原生态的影响，人们一直在克鲁格进行实验，定期焚烧小块土地。A. equally平等地；B. regularly定期地、有规律地；
C. severely严重地；
D. purposely故意地。为了研究丛林大火对树皮剥落的影响有多严重，实验中自然需要定期焚烧土地，故B项正确。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：第三个区域则相反，受到了积极的防火保护。A. burnt with为……所煎熬；B. protected from使免受；C. covered by被……覆盖；D. exposed to暴露于。空前说在这些实验中，维格利博士观察了三个不同区域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，这两个区域的树木都是被烧的，而且下文说取下树皮之后，火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没有经受火灾的树木，由此可知，为了做比较，第三个区域的树木应该是防止被烧，最后一段中的fire-prevention也是提示，故B项正确。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他选马鲁拉树是因为它们是大象活动的特别受害者。A. participants 参与者；B. partners搭档；C. victims受害者；D. friends朋友。根据空后的“But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark.”可知，但大象似乎也喜欢吃它们的树皮，因此马鲁拉树是大象活动的特别受害者，故C项正确。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年7月，他和他的同事在每个区域都找到20个马鲁拉树，并使用特殊工具从每棵马鲁拉树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮。A. mark标志；B. remove去除；C. hit打击；D. measure测量。根据下文中的“wounds”可知，他们取下了一块树皮，故B项正确。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在造成了这种伤害之后，他们在接下来的两年里对伤口进行了监测，看看会发生什么。A. regulated调节；B. checked检查；C. healed治愈；D. monitored监控。根据空后的“to see what would happen”可知，他们对伤口进行了监测以观察会发生什么，故D项正确。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他们惊讶的是，他们发现，火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没有经受火灾的树木。A. disappointment失望；B. surprise惊讶；C. joy欢乐； D. relief减轻。空后说火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没有经受火灾的树木，这一点是令他们非常惊讶的，故B项正确。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. vitality活力；B. height高度；C. bark树皮；D. strength 力量。上文说他们从每棵马鲁拉树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮，因此此处指他们观察树皮的再生情况，故C项正确。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这两年的研究中，在每年一次的火灾区受伤的树木重新生长了98%的树皮，那些生活在两年一次的火灾区的树木重新增长了92%，但那些在防火区的树木只长了72%。A. controlled控制；B. prevented防止；C. started开始；D. boosted促进。上文说维格利博士观察了三个不同区域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，第三个区域则受到了积极的防火保护，因此此处指的是受到了积极的防火保护的区域，故B项正确。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：蚂蚁是一种已知会破坏树木的物种，被认为会干扰组织愈合。
A. disturb打扰、干扰；
B. promote提升；
C. impact产生影响；
D. quicken加快。空前说蚂蚁会破坏树木，因此它们会干扰组织愈合，故A项正确。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，看起来好像丛林大火是通过杀死蚂蚁来治疗树木的伤口，否则蚂蚁可能会在那里安家和破坏树木。A. therefore因此；B. nevertheless不过；C. then那么；D. otherwise否则。大火烧死了会破坏树木的蚂蚁，否则它们将在树的伤口处安家和破坏树木，故D项正确。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在一个由负变正的例子中，似乎它们实际上对受伤的树木是有益的。A. beneficial有益的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. effective有效的；D. cruel残忍的。上文说在防火区的20棵树中，有一半在伤口处出现了蚂蚁窝，而在火灾区受伤的树木的伤口处很少出现蚂蚁窝，这表明火灾对受伤的树木是有益的，故A项正确。
【点睛】本篇第12空难度较大，抓住上文对维格利博士实验中的三个区域的介绍是关键，根据上文中的“Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively____6____fire.”可知，维格利博士观察了三个不同区域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，第三个区域则相反，受到了积极的防火保护，因此此处指的是受到了积极的防火保护的区域，说的是在这两年的研究中，在每年一次的火灾区受伤的树木重新生长了98%的树皮，那些生活在两年一次的火灾区的树木重新增长了92%，但那些在防火区的树木只长了72%。。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
语法填空
Cholera was a deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure ___36___ (understand). So thousands of ___37___ (terrify) people died when there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to solve ___38___ problem. He knew that cholera would not be controlled ___39___ its cause was found.
He became interested in two theories ___40___ possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera ___41___ (multiply) in the air. The second suggested that people
absorbed this disease ___42___ their bodies with their meals.
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready___43___ (begin) his enquiry. With all the evidence he gathered, John Snow was able to announce with ___44___ (certain) that polluted water carried the virus. ___45___(final) “King Cholera” was defeated.
【答案】36. was understood
37. terrified
38. the 39. until
40. that/which
41. multiplied
42. into 43. to begin
44. certainty
45. Finally
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了霍乱给人类带来的痛苦以及它是如何被战胜的。
【36题详解】
考查主谓一致、时态和语态。根据语境，这里应用一般过去时，又因当“neither...nor...”结构连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应该和接近它的主语相一致，且此处表示被动，故填was understood。
【37题详解】
考查词形转换。本空所填词需要修饰后面的名词，应用形容词形式，且修饰人，应填terrified。【38题详解】
考查冠词。根据上下文可知这里说的问题是上文提到的霍乱疫情，表特指，用the。
【39题详解】
考查连词。他知道只有找到霍乱的起因霍乱才能得到控制。此处考查not...until...。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_5_ possibly explained how cholera killed people”是定语从句，关系词指代先行词theories，并在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which。【41题详解】
考查时态。第一种理论表明霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。根据上下文时态可知，这里应填