高考英语书面表达题的解题技巧
临沂兰山区三模回扣材料
高考英语书面表达题的解题技巧
要想在高考有限的时间写出一篇质量上乘的书面表达，掌握熟练的解题技巧，把握住几个解题关键至关重要，这里介绍一种五步写作法：
1．认真审题
考生一看到题目不要急着开始写，而应做到“四审”：即审文体、体裁、人称和时态语态。即考生动笔前，通过仔细阅读试题，明确目的要求。通过审题可以达到：（1）明确体裁。书面语和结束语都是基本要点，不可遗漏；（2）确定内容。弄清题目设置的情景或提供的要点，便能紧扣题意，写什么不写什么，做到心中有数，避免随心所欲，文不对题；（3）确定人称。弄清命题者要求考生用什么人称。历年书面表达题都对人称提要求，但历年高考都有考生在没有确定人称的情况下匆匆动笔，结果白白丢分。（4）确定时态、语态。时态语态的准确运用，亦是判断书面表达好坏的一条重要标准。一般说来，说明文、议论文多用一般现在时，记日记多用一般过去时，记叙文多用一般过去时和过去进行时。审题是写好书面表达的基础，一篇书面表达，即使语言非常好，如果偏离了题目的要求，也难得高分。
2.理顺要点
内容要点不能缺。在认真审题基础上，应注意逐个地、完整地把内容要点列出来。根据考纲要点，漏写或没有写清要点均要失分。理顺要点，是防止多写、漏写、乱写，保证内容完整的行之有效的办法。所以，最好在写作前将试题中的要点用笔标出，然后按事件先后或各要点之间的内在联系排好队；如是看图写话，则要依次观察每幅图画，再将每幅画的含意加以连贯，构思出文章的整体框架。有的抽象事物，如心理活动很难通过图画直观地表达出来，这就要求考生仔细观察细节，分析其心理活动，挖掘其内涵因素，使心理描写符合事情发展逻辑。理顺要点，既可保证不遗漏所要表达的信息，又可使表达的内容条理清楚，否则写出文章就有可能语无伦次，颠三倒四。
3．组织句子
将理顺的要点逐句表达出来，这是书面表达的关键一步。完成这个步骤要注意：（1）书面表达重在达意，不要简单直译，要用英语思维，套用英语句型，用自己有把握的句子和词汇，不用自己拿不准的词汇和句式。切忌用汉语句型去套用英语，乃至写出大量汉式英语。（2）如果碰上汉语提示中找不着相应的英语词语或句型，不要轻易放弃，要开动脑筋，学会用内容相近的句子来表达。（3）尽可能写结构简单的句子，少用自己无把握的复合句。（4）选择正确的人称、时态、语态，注意冠词、单复数、大小写、标题等。4．串句成篇
这个过程是将写好的句子连贯地组织起来，形成短文。串句成篇，绝不是将一句话一句话简单地排在一起，要注意上下句的逻辑关系，必要时使用一些表示并列、递进、让步、转折、因果等意义的关联词语。有的书面表达还可以分段，但段与段之间要过渡自然。若词数少于题目要求，可适当增加一些与内容相关的句子；若词数多于题目要求，也可考虑将能够合并的句子合并起来。
5．检查修改
文章草稿写成后，默读一至两遍，检查修改，看文章是否对题，格式是否正确，内容是否完整，文句有无语病，行文是否连贯，拼写是否错误，词数是否恰当；有的书面表达题要求考生自拟标题，考生这时要注意不要丢掉标题，还要注意标题首字母的大写；如命题者不要求考生自拟标题的则不必拟标题，以免画蛇添足。经过检查修改后，再认真誊写，整洁美观的书面表达，一见便给人留下良好的第一印象，潦草
的书写，字迹难辨，给人留下不良印象，得分难免会受影响。这样经过周密思考、按步骤写出来的文章，比起毫无计划、信手拈来的文章质量肯定要好得多。
[范文选粹]
1
眼下，街谈巷议，人们的热门话题总离不开“三贵”：买房贵，上学贵，看病贵。请根据下面图画，写一篇英语短文，简要说明图画中所表达的内容，重点阐述这种现象带来的后果和你的观点。题目自拟。
注意：1. 短文应包含图中所提供的主要信息，并做适当发挥，使短文连贯，完整。
2. 词数：120左右。
【范文】
It’s Time to Reduce Loads
Nowadays, we often hear people complain that it is expensive to buy houses, to pay for the children’s education and to see the doctor, which is really true. As is shown in the picture, some people are burdened with high expenses all their lives. Some people even get stuck in heavy debt even though they make their efforts to earn money and save every coin. B ecause of lack of money, some people have no room to live in. Some can’t send their children to school. And some others even have to bear the pain of diseases.
In my opinion, the government should build up a perfect system to meet the basic needs of living. The expenses on houses, tuition and medicine should be cut down so that everyone can enjoy a better life.
2
根据下列图示以“The New Grading System in Our School”为题为你校英语报写一篇短文,说明这一举措以及你对学校实施这一举措的认识.
要求: 1.词数100字左右, 已给出部分不包括在内.
生词: 评分体制grading system 参与participation（n.）
①tests
②notes
③homework
④class participation
⑤team work
The new grading system in our school
In order to help students develop their abilities in all fields, our school now has asked the teachers to make
some changes in the grading system. This chart shows how it works.
The students’ final score will be made up of 5 parts. About 30% of it will come from their test results. The rest of the score is decided by the performances of the students in the following parts: 20% comes from your notes, and another 20% is decided by how you do your homework. If you take an active part in classroom activities, you can get another 20% of the score. Teamwork in class is also important. If you want a higher score, you should be good at working together with your classmates.
In my opinion, our school has made a good decision. This new grading system will certainly help to improve ourselves in all ways.
3
奥运会即将到来, 你班组织了一次活动, 查找街头拼写或翻译错误的英文标识, 请将此次活动情况写信告诉你的外国朋友Peter。
注意: 1. 文章开头与结尾已为你写好。
2. 词数不少与120。
Dear Peter,
How are things going? We have been busy preparing for the coming Olympics recently, Last Sunday we had an activity —to search for mistranslated or incorrectly spelt English on street signs. Early in the morning my classmates and I gathered at the school gate. With a camera, notebooks and bottles of water in our backpacks, we soon set out on our detective trip by bike. In the street, some of us took pictures while others took notes of the signs we thought were wrong or questionable. A busy, but delightful morning soon passed.
In the English class next morning, we presented in class all the mistakes collected including “Welcome to Beijing” and “Take Notice of Safe”. With the help of our English teacher we discussed and finally came up with the correct translation---“Welcome to Beijing” and “Caution!”
etc, Then we wrote to the newspaper and told the editors about our findings. We hope our effort will be of some help to the Beijing Olympics.
Yours,
Li Hua
4
请观察下列图画，针对父母不顾子女的兴趣强迫孩子参加课外补习班的这一普遍存在的问题，写一篇120-150词左右的英语短文，并发表自己的看法。
【范文】
The little boy in the picture seems to be extremely strong, as he can pull down a tree. But it seems that his mother is the stronger. It is she who is drawing the boy and in turn the boy is pulling the tree out as he holds the tree tightly. The picture means no matter how unwillingly the boy goes to an extra class, his mother is determined to force him to attend it.
In my opinion, it is children’s right to play. There is no need to learn extra subjects. But some parents believe that only by making their kids attend extra classes can they achieve great progress in the future, I doubt the truth of it.
5
目前，家长开车接送孩子上下学已成为一个普遍现象，人们对此做法褒贬不一。下面是就此现象所做的问卷调查结果。
请根据下列图表提示，描述被访者的看法。
注意：1.文章的开头已经给出。
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.词数：120-150
脑
Nowadays it’s a common phenomenon that parents drive their children to school and back home, which causes a heated discussion., A survey has just been conducted about it , and the findings are as follows.
We can see that half of the supporters believe that more valuable time can be saved for students to get enough sleep. Another 30% think children can rest or have meals comfortably in their own cars. About 15% consider it reasonable just for the sake of children’s safety. The rest of them think it offers more chances for parents to communicate with their children.
However, there are still many people who hold different opinions. 55% of them believe that it results in more traffic jams, especially around schools in rush hours. And 30% think that driving kids to and from school will undoubtedly add to the parents’ burdens in aspects like time, energy and expenses. Still, 15% worry that in the long term children may be more dependent on their parents, which does no good to them.
6
观察下图，用英语写一篇120-150词左右的短文。
注意：1. 短文应包括图示要点。
2. 说明图式所反映的社会现象。
3. 发表自己的观点和看法。
【范文】
As we can see in the picture, the couple go to their parents’ home, but they’re really concentrated about their child and pet! They care little about their parents. A pet is dearer to them, which makes their parents sad. What a shame!
Some people today are not taking good care of their aged parents. Some aged parents live alone and no one takes care of them, even their own children. Parents not only give birth to them, but also bring them up with care and love. It is natural that the aged parents should be looked after and loved in return. Besides, how can children learn to love their parents if they see no love shown to their grandparents? So everyone has the responsibility to enable his parents to lead a happy life.
7
图片中一位老人在小河边为满脸泪痕的孙子洗脸。请你对图片内容用英语进行描述，并谈谈自己对留守儿童这一现象的感受。词数120-150。
I was shocked by the picture at first sight. In the picture, by a small river, a little boy had tears on his lovely face and an old man, maybe his grandfather, was wiping his tears. From the clothes they are wearing we can see that they are poor. The boy was sad. Is it because his parents are working in a place far away from home and the boy is missing them day and night?
I think so. At present, many parents leave their children at home in order to support their family. These parents have no choice. I hope something can be done to help these parents get back home as soon as possible.
8
为进一步实施素质教育（quality-oriented education），促进青少年全面健康发展，山东省教育厅最近发布了一系列规定，要求所有学校“开全课程，减轻学生课业负担”。针对这一举措，有人赞成，有人反对。请你结合实际，用英语写一篇约120-150字的短文，谈谈你的观点，以便发表在某英文网站开辟的论坛上。
Recently a series of documents on carrying out quality-oriented education in schools have been released by
Shandong Education Department to meet the needs of curriculum changes and reform.
The requirement that all schools should offer all the courses issued by the Ministry of Education will help enrich our knowledge. The decision on reducing the heavy burden of assignment for pupils and middle school students will free us from the heavy burden of endless homework. Therefore, we will have more time to develop our own interests and special skills, and take part in social activities, which helps cultivate our creative spirit.
Briefly, the new resolutions on quality-oriented education will surely create boundless space to enable every one of us to develop actively. Thus, they can lay a good foundation for our development and will also benefit our physical and mental health.
9
据报道，目前我国居民每天使用塑料袋约30亿个，中国已成为白色污染大国。从20XX年6月1日起，全国的商品零售场所将不再免费提供塑料购物袋。青根据右侧的漫画，结合生活实际，用英语写一篇120-150词的短文，谈谈你对“限塑令”的看法。
It is reported that around three billion plastic bags are used by Chinese residents each day. As is known in the picture, the earth is crying for help because of this serious white pollution.
To our joy, all the shopping places will be banned from providing free plastic bags from June 1,2008. I can’t agree more to this. For along time, though we have known the bad effects of plastic bags on our environment, still we find it difficult to refuse them-they are so convenient to us. Thanks to the government, firm measures are to be taken to limit them. I am sure people will become accustomed to giving up the plastic bags. Only by changing the way we treat the earth can we form a harmonious relationship with it.
Saving the earth is saving ourselves. Stop using plastic bags.
附：类似话题的范文
塑料袋绝大多数是聚乙烯材料制造的，即使过400年也不会自然分解，因此滥用塑料袋会给生态环境带来负面影响。为保护环境，减少浪费，一些大型超市已尝试对购物塑料袋实行收费。针对此举，有人说应该收费，有人说没必要收费。请对双方的观点展开讨论并阐明自己的观点。词数120-150。
参考词汇：聚乙烯polyethylene
Most plastic bags are made from polyethylene, which is hard to break down and causes pollution to our eco-environment. So in order to protect our environment, some supermarkets have tried offering plastic bags with a little pay. As a result this measure has brought about heated arguments.
Some people think that although plastic bags are convenient for people, once discarded, they pollute our surroundings and also they are a waste of our resources. It’s reasonable for consumers to pay a little for using them.
However, others hold the view that the best way to protect our environment is to completely stop the production of plastic bags for the purpose of economizing on resources and charged plastic bags cannot radically solve the problem.
In my opinion, the best way is to develop an environment-friendly replacement.
10
教育部提出“国办高中不准办复读班”这个话题一直为社会各界所关注。下面是你班讨论的结果，请你给英文报社写一封信，客观介绍讲座的情况，并简要阐述自己的观点。
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether state-run senior schools retake class after failing the college entrance examination.
Opinions are various on the question. Many students are against the idea of retaking classes. They think it unfair for the students who take the exam for the first time. Besides, it also adds the family burden. What’s more, it occupies the natural resources, such as teachers and teaching materials.
Others think that it can be done because through one more year of hard study, they can make better preparations and may get a chance to enter their ideal universities. After all, the university they enter will directly affect their future employment. What they learn through one more year will be beneficial to the development of society and helps to set up a harmonious society.
However, I think, this depends on different situations. If one student has no chance to be admitted to one university, maybe he can choose to retake classes.
Yours truly
Li Hua