举例说明两类定语从句的翻译方法

举例说明两类定语从句的翻译方法
举例说明两类定语从句的翻译方法

定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种,两类定语从句在翻译方法上基本类似,因此我们把它们放在一起介绍。在翻译定语从句时,我们经常采用下列的翻译方法:

一、前置法

把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前,将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句,这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句比较短的情况。一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法,但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。例如:例1.For example, one function of friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. 例如,友谊的一个作用似乎是支持我们在自己心目中的形象,并使我们持有的价值观念更加坚定。

例2.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. (92年考题) 如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话,那么对所有被比较者来说,前两个因素必须是一样的。

例3.The first method is to give a synonym, a word that has nearly the same meaning as the word you wish to define: face for countenance, nervousness for anxiety. 第一种方法是同义词法,即给出一个与要释义的词在意义上几乎相同的,如用face表示countenance, 用nervousness表示anxiety.

例4.Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. (90年考题) 相反,行为主义者认为,成绩的差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了白人在教育及其他外界环境方面所享有的许多有利条件而造成的。

例5.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations. (94年考题) 科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式,也就嵌砸磺邢窒蠼?兴伎疾⒏?跃?范?辖鹘馐偷谋泶锓绞健?/P>

例6. A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school. 附近没有同龄伙伴和自己玩的儿童,上托儿所可以得到很多的益处。

二、后置法

当定语从句较长时,如果翻译成前置的定语,就会不符合汉语的表达习惯,在这种情况下,往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句,放置于原来它所修词的后面。另外在处理此类定语从句时,一般遵循的原则是:若保留先行词,则在第二个分句中加以重复,若省略,则两个并列分句中均不再保留。当然,在实№的翻译过程中也有例外。

例1. All the water that flows through the wide pipe in a second must somehow get through a narrow part too, which it can do only by going faster. 在一秒钟内流过粗管子的全部水量,一定会以某种方式通过细管子,这只有靠加快流速才能做到。

例2.Perhaps light is some sort of electric wave, whose nature we do not yet understand.也许,光是某种电波,其性质我们尚不清楚。

例3.They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力,这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的,在过去,许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。

例4.This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. (91年考题) 这种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕种方法继续下去了,而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。

例5."In short", a leader of the new school attends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions."(94年考题)新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简而言之,我们所称谓的科学革命,主要指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用,这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。

例6.The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. (91年考题) 食品的供应将赶不上人口的增长,这就意味著我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入危机。

三、翻译成状语从句

英语中有些定语从句,兼有状语从句的职能,在逻辑上(即意义上)与主句有状语关系,说明原因、结果、让步、假设等关系,翻译时应善于从英语原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑上的关系,然后翻译成汉语中相应的偏正复合句。例如:

例1.He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old. 他不记得他父亲了,因为他父亲死时他才三岁。

例2.However, iceberg water could be extremely cheap for some countries when compared with desalination, a process which requires much more fuel and much more money. 不过,对某些国家来讲,用冰山化水比海水脱盐相比,费用可能极为便宜,因为脱盐过程要更多燃料和更多的资金。

例3.Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. 如果认为理性知识不必由感性知识得来,那他就是一个唯心主义者。

例4.…it was not until sixty years ago that a method of extracting aluminum ore was found which could lead to a cheap large-scale process. (88年考题) ……直到60年前人们才找到开采铝矿的方法,从而使低成本、大规模冶炼金属铝成为可能。

例5.In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories. (85年考题) 在办公室里,工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加以汇编,以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。

例6.Liquids, which contains no free electrons, are poor conductors of heat. 各种液体,由于不含有自由电子,是热的不良导体。

我们讲了定语从句的各种翻译方法,在这里我们还要提醒大家,在翻译含有定语从句的句

子时,我们应该特别注意在分析句子的结构上面下工夫,务必要搞清定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。下面我们结合一个实例加以说明:In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.

曾经有人把这个句子翻译为:事实上,在睡眠期间仍有一定基本量的活动,这种睡眠特别与防止肌肉活动有关。

在判断上述翻译的正误之前,我们首先分析一下这个句子中的定语从句所修饰的先行词,在这个句子中which引导的定语从句有两个可能被修饰的成分:a basic amount of movement和sleep, 一般来讲,定语从句往往修饰离它最近的那个名词,但是在这个句子中,却不是这样,因为,如果是修饰sleep, 我们就会翻译成上面的句子,但是从句子的意义来看讲不通,因此,这个定语从句是修饰前面的a basic amount of movement应该翻译为:事实上,在睡眠期间仍有一定基本量的活动,这种活动特别与防止肌肉活动中断有关。

由此我们可以看出,确定定语从句的先行词是极为重要的,做出正确的判断的关键在于分析句子的结构和熟悉划线的句子所出现的上下文。另外,我们还要注意一些比较复杂的定语从句结构,也就是那些定语从句里又含有定语从句的情况,在翻译这类句子时我们应该注意灵活运用我们在前面讲述的一些翻译技巧,尤其要注意分析各个定语从句之间的关系,例如:Behaviourists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. (90年考题)

上面句子的骨干结构为:Behaviourists suggest that the child … will experience … development, 这是一个复合句,在that所引导的宾语从句中,在主语child的后面是一个由who引导的定语从句,在在这个定语从句中又有一个由where引导的定语从句,修饰前面的名词environment, 然后在这个定语从句中又有一个由which引导的定语从句,修饰前面的名词stimuli, 这就构成了一个一套三的定语从句结构,在翻译成汉语时,考虑到定语从句太长,我们要将个别的定语从句分开来翻译,这样我们可以将此句翻译为:行为主义者认为,如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长,而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力,那么这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。

高三英语定语从句翻译技巧

定语从句翻译技巧 英语和汉语分属两种不同的语系,其差别很大,翻译起来有诸多困难,英语定语从句的汉译便是困难之一。由于定语从句在英语中应用十分广泛,因此,我们必须想办法、找方法、寻规律,从而很好地解决它。 一、限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行项起限制作用,在意义上与先行项密切不可分。 如被省去,主句的意思就含糊不清,甚至变得毫无意义。关系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。 (一)定语词组 ①I have but one lamp by which my feed are guided.我只有一盏指路明灯。 ②It was so with the vast railroad yards with the crowded array of vessels she saw in the river.火车站广大的场地,河里鳞次梯比的船只,她也同样不能理解。 ③Before following her in her round of seeking,let us look at the sphare in which her future was to lie.我们暂且把她找寻工作的事搁下来不谈,先看一看她的前途所寄托的这个世界。 ④…and the thread which bound her so lightly to girlhood and home were irretrievably broken……而那些把她和少女时代以及故乡轻轻系住的柔丝,不得不就此断绝了。 翻译这类从句,常常是将关系词省去,在句未加“的”字,放在被修饰项之前。当然,也可视其情况不用“的”字,如①和②。这种译法用得普遍,尤其适用于译简短的定语从句。 (二)并列从句 1)省略英语的先行项 ①The lungs are subjecd to several diseases which are treatable by surgery.肺易受几种疾病的侵袭,但均可经手术治疗。 ②A little way on she saw a great door which,for some reason,attracted her attention.又走了一些路,她看见一个大门,不知怎的,引起了她的注意。 ③As a result, a hum of gossip was set going which moved about the house in that secret manner common to gossip.结果就造成一阵闲话,暗中在公寓里流传,闲话一般都是如此的。

定语从句翻译技巧精编版

定语从句翻译技巧公司内部编号:(GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

定语从句翻译技巧 在英语中, 定语从句很常见, 翻译时如不进行仔细分析就会出现误译。通过实例对定语从句的翻译技巧做一探讨, 并将这些翻译技巧赋予理论概念, 即定语从句定语化, 定语从句谓语化, 定语从句状语化。在把汉语翻译成带有定语从句的英语时,中国学生常常会受到母语的影响会出现误译。因此我们要对比英汉两种语言,以便避免汉语的负迁移。 一英译汉时定语从句翻译中的易错点 英语中的定语从句是在句中起形容词作用的结构, 通常分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。进行英译汉翻译时如不进行仔细分析,就会造成误译。比如,下面两个句子仅有一个逗号之差,含义却不同: His brother who is a soldier is eighteen years old now. His brother, who is a soldier, is eighteen years old now. 第一句应译为:他那个当兵的哥哥今年十八岁了。(含义为:他不止一个哥哥。句中的限制性定语从句起到限定的作用。) 第二句应译为:他的哥哥今年十八岁了,他在当兵。(含义为:他只有一个哥哥。句中的非限制性定语从句起到补充说明的作用。) 定语从句在英语中大量出现, 它有长有短, 结构有简有繁, 对先行词的限制有强有弱, 定语从句有时起着补充说明和分层叙述的作用, 或在逻辑上表示原因、目的、条件, 让步和结果等意义。在语序上, 英文定语从句置于先行词之后.。所以汉译时必须正确体会原文的逻辑概念, 合理安排译文的语序。 二英译汉时定语从句的翻译方法 英语定语从句虽然种类繁多, 变化复杂, 但一般均可以用以下三种方法翻译。

初中英语定语从句翻译练习

初中英语定语从句翻译练习 1.我们去年在医院一直照顾take care of的老太太死了. 2.你想娶marry的姑娘昨天偷了我的钱包。 3.孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书。 4.你喜欢的女孩就是我喜欢的女孩。 5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人bite今天又被你家狗咬了。 6.你知道他打算娶reason你的原因吗7.我讨厌hate我住过的那个旅馆hotel。8.我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天autumn。9.他爱了20年的那个女孩昨天嫁marry人了。10.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。11.有什么事我能帮你吗12.昨天死的那个老太太留下了100万美圆。13.那个医生告诉我他为我爹什么也做不了了。 14.这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页. 15.正像老师昨天说的那样,他没有通过考试。16.正像我们刚才讨论的那样,学习英语很容易。17.正像我妈昨天告诉我的那样,我的女朋友根本不爱我。18.正像你知道的那样钱是非常重要的。20.你知道你们家狗要死的原因吗21. 她就是那个到明年年底,会攒一万美圆的那个女孩。22. 你认识那个警察一直在找的小偷吗 1.那本绿皮的书是关于太空的. 2.这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 3.北京是我的出生地 4.你还记得我第一次见到你的那一天吗? 5.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了 6.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方 7.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察 8.这是她买的第三个手机 9.有没有我能帮忙的事? 10.我喜欢能使我放松的音乐 11.他们租了一间窗户坏掉的房子 1.The book which has a green cover is about space. 2. 2.Is this the reason that he refused our help? 3. 3.Beijing is where i was born. 4. 4.Do you still remember the day that i first met you? 5. 5.His father died the year he was born. 6. 6.It is not so easy for him to find the place where he lived 40 years ago. 7.7.The thief gave all that he stoled to the police at last. 8.8.This is the third cellphone that she buyed. 9.9.Is there anything that i can help? 10.10.I like music which can make me feel easy. 11.11.They rent a room whose windows are broken 1. Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

定语从句翻译

1.想去博物馆参观的人请在这里签名。 2.那个抢劫了银行的人昨日被警方逮捕了。 3.可惜我想买的那套住房暂不出售。 4.刚才和你握手的中年人是新来的校长。 5.在战争中失去左腿的英雄收到很好的照顾。 6.这个江南小镇是他们在中国逗留期间参观的第一个地方。 7.这是过去两年里她看到的唯一一部电影。 8.这是世界上迄今为止建的最高的一座电视塔。 9.他们见面时谈起了能够想起的人和事。 10.我想说的就是我们不能迟到。 11.他们建议在曾租过的旅馆里过夜。 12.正如按所预期的那样,飞船按计划成功地进入太空。 13.我曾在那里长大的小渔村在现在已变成一个繁忙的港口。 14.你能告诉我不请假就离开学校的理由吗? 15.你还记得中国人民英勇地与SARS作斗争的那些日子吗? 16.我非常喜欢在山里度假,那儿宁静而美丽。 17.他写了一本书,但书名我彻底给忘了。 18.他度过了一个绝妙夏日,此间他参加了我们的夏令营。 19.我们很高兴地要见到新来的地理老师,我知道他刚从美国回来。 20.因为缺少实践,他没有通过驾驶考试。 21.为追求时尚付出高昂代价的人应该尽早改变这种生活方式。

1.想去博物馆参观的人请在这里签名。 Those who want to visit the museum please sign your names here. 2.那个抢劫了银行的人昨日被警方逮捕了。 The man who had robbed the bank was captured/arrested by the police. 3.可惜我想买的那套住房暂不出售。 It is a pity that the apartment/flat(which/that) I would like to buy is not for sale for the time being. 4.刚才和你握手的中年人是新来的校长。 The middle-aged man with whom you shook hands/ whom you shood hands with just now is a new headmaster/principal. 5.在战争中失去左腿的英雄收到很好的照顾。 The hero who had lost his left leg in the war is taken good care of. 6.这个江南小镇是他们在中国逗留期间参观的第一个地方。 The small south town was the first place (that) they visited during their stay in China. 7.这是过去两年里她看到的唯一一部电影。 This is the only film that she has seen in the past /last two years. 8.这是世界上迄今为止建的最高的一座电视塔。 This is the highest TV tower that has ever been built in the world. 9.他们见面时谈起了能够想起的人和事。 When they met, they talked of the people and things that they could remember. 10.我想说的就是我们不能迟到。 All that I want to say is that we mustn’t be late. 11.他们建议在曾租过的旅馆里过夜。 They suggested for the night the same hotel as/that they once rented. 12.正如按所预期的那样,飞船按计划成功地进入太空。 As was expected, the spaceship went up into the space successfully as planned. 13.我曾在那里长大的小渔村在现在已变成一个繁忙的港口。 The small fishing village where/ in which I grew up has become a busy port. 14.你能告诉我不请假就离开学校的理由吗? Can you tell me why you left the school without asking for leave? 15.你还记得中国人民英勇地与SARS作斗争的那些日子吗? Do you still remember the days when the Chinese people fought bravely against SARS? 16.我非常喜欢在山里度假,那儿宁静而美丽。 I’d love to take my vacation/spend my holiday in the mountain, which is quiet and beautiful. 17.他写了一本书,但书名我彻底给忘了。 He has written a book, the name of which I have completely forgotten. 18.他度过了一个绝妙夏日,此间他参加了我们的夏令营。 He spent a wonderful summer, during which he joined us in the camping trip. 19.我们很高兴地要见到新来的地理老师,我知道他刚从美国回来。 We are happy to see a new geography teacher, who I know has just returned from the US. 20.因为缺少实践,他没有通过驾驶考试。 The reason why he didn’t pass the driving test was that he lacked practice. 21.为追求时尚付出高昂代价的人应该尽早改变这种生活方式。 Those who follow the fashion at great cost should change their lifestyle as soon as possible.

定语从句的翻译二

定语从句的“并列套用” 中文里“本位词”和“外位语”如何翻译成英文 英文短句的翻译方法 中英文事实和评论的关系 英文中四种句子的翻译方法 中英文关联词的使用和英文中人名地名的翻译 中英文的一个重要差异:中文是动态性语言,善于用动词;英文是静态性语言,善于用名词 定语从句的翻译二 This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work. 这种假设基于人性中内在懒惰的谬论,实际上,除了不正常懒惰的人以外,很少有人不愿意挣只比最低生活费多的钱,也很少有人愿意无所事事,而不去工作。

第一步:断句 This assumption rests on the fallacy/ of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually,/ aside from abnormally lazy people,/ there would be very few/ who would not want to earn more than the minimum,/ and who would prefer to do nothing/ rather than work. 并列套用: 中心词+ 定语1 + 定语2 + 定语3 + 。。。European’s today, like Americans 200 years ago, seek a world where strength does not matter so much, where unilateral action by nations is forbidden and where all nations regardless of their strength are protected by commonly agreed rules of behavior. 当今的欧洲人,就和两百年前的美国人一样,寻找这样一个世界,在那里,武力并不是最重要的,禁止由国家发起的单边运动,所有国家不论其实力,都受到普遍公认的行为准则的保护。 第二步:翻译 假设是基于这样一种谬论:人性中存在着天生的懒惰。

定语从句翻译

1.李昂就是那个决心清除社会上所有坏蛋的职业杀手。 Leon was a professional killer who was determined to get rid of all the bad guys in the society. 2.玛蒂尔德就是那个父母都已离世的可怜的小女孩。 Mathilda was a poor little girl whose parents both died. 3.足球是一项培养孩子跟别人合作的团队活动。 Football is a team work that trains children to work with others. 4.你想见的那个人住进了这家宾馆。 The man whom you want to see checked in this hotel. 5.这是我们昨天参观的那家工厂。 This is the factory (which/that ) we visited yesterday. 6.我昨天收到的那封信是我的一个朋友寄来的。 The letter (which/that) I received yesterday was from a friend of mine. 7.他常常回忆起童年在乡下跟爷爷去河边钓鱼的日子。 He often recalls the days of his childhood when he and his grandfather went fishing by the river. 8.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 This is the house where Lu Xun once lived. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in. 9.我们不知道他没有来的原因。 We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. We don’t know the reason that he didn’t show up. (×) 10.中国政府正在大力发展农业,农业的重要性现在已是人人皆知。 Chinese government is trying to develop agriculture with great efforts, the importance of which is now known to everybody. 11.会议延期了,而这正是我们所希望的。 The meeting was put off, which/as was exactly what we wanted. 12.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. This is the best film (which) I have ever seen. (×)

定语从句的翻译

定语从句翻译 13. 【2012上海】在展览会上,公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate) 1. At the exhibition, the company's sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys that children were looking forward to. 14. 这本书对我帮助很大,特别是在好印象是必须的工作中。(help greatly, expression, a must) 2. The book has helped me greatly, especially at work where a good impression is a must. 15.我认为学生应当参加社区活动,在活动中他们可以为成长获得经验。(involve oneself in, community activities, gain experience) 3. I think Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 16. 我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。 4. I will never forget the days (that/ which) we spent together. 6.【2010湖北】母亲对我所做的一切如此自豪,她奖赏我去北京旅游一趟。(so proud of, all, reward, trip)5. My mother was so proud of all that I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. 7. 这个就是我一直在寻找的那本书。( the very book ) 6. This is the very book that I have been looking for. 8.【2004上海】我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(…it…, cooperate, stick to) 7. I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. 9.在那边扫地的那个女的是谁?(Who, sweep the floor) 8. Who is the woman that is sweeping the floor over there? 10.她已不再是过去的她。 9. She is no longer the woman (that) she used to be. 11.如果有你一个人不能克服的困难,你可以向你的父母或朋友求助。( any difficulty, overcome, turn to 10. If there is any difficulty (that) you can’t overcome alone, you can turn to your parents or friends for help. 7. 【2013湖北】上学时我遇到过很多老师,其中两位对我影响很大。(through the course of, meet, two of , influence) 11. Through the course of my schooling , I met many teachers , two of whom influenced me greatly. 8.参观你所在的城市是一次难忘的经历,一次我将永生珍视的经历。(visiting your city, experience, one, treasure for the rest of my life) 12. Visiting your city is an unforgettable experience, one I will treasure for the rest of my life. 9.那些树,树枝几乎秃了,都有数百年了。(branches, bare, hundreds of ) 13. those trees, whose branches is nearly bare, have hundreds of years. 6.起初,我认为李老师有点怪,因为他总是问一些没人能回答的问题。(kind of odd, such questions as)14. At first, I thought Mr li was kind of odd, because he was always asking such questions as no one could answer. 7.他不是一个把今天能做的事拖到明天做这样的一个人。(such a man, put off…until tomorrow) 15. he isn’t such a man as put off what he can do today till tomorrow. 8.在我生日那天,我收到了像母亲承诺的那样好的一件礼物。(receive as good a gift) 16. On my birthday, I received as good a gift as my mother had promised. 9.我在他的书包里发现了我前几天丢的那支钢笔,这支笔是我朋友送给我的生日礼物。我怒不可遏了。(the same, a gift from, contain my anger) 17. I found in his schoolbag the same pen that I lost the other day, which is a special gift from my friend, and I couldn’t contain my anger. 10.英语是如此有用的一门语言,世界上许多人都在学它。(so useful, learn it)

定语从句用法归纳完整版

定语从句用法归纳标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]

定语从句用法归纳 篇一:定语从句的用法一、定语从句的有关概念所谓定语从句,就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句,首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念,它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时,定语从句通常是后置的,所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 那什么是关系词呢其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上,英语中的各类从句,不管性质如何,它们都需要有一个词来“引导”,正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样,人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字,叫它关系词,因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,以表明两者之间的修饰关系,同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系 为了更好地理解定语从句,我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前,我们先来看看关系词有哪些。根据关系词在定语从句中的作用,我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等,英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。类似地,关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在定语从句中充当状语等,英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个,即when, where和why。许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊,关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单,简单得可以划一个等号。因为,关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词,它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解,下面我们来看几个例子吧。I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词,who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句;在定语从句中,who是关系词,它在定语从句中用作主语,从意义上说,它在

定语从句翻译技巧

定语从句的翻译方法 根据汉语的表达习惯及对原文的忠实度,翻译这类定语从句可以采用以下几种方法1.1前置合译法( 前滚翻):若定语从句较短,较简单,与名词(先行词)的关系紧密(一般来说,紧密的,为限定性从句;不紧密的,为非限定性从句),限定性定语从句及少部分非限定性从句( 较短且有描述性的非限定),一般将从句提在先行词之前,译成“。。。的” 1)The action it takes at any moment can’t be predicted,and people find that disturbing. 它在任何一个时刻采取的行动都无法预见,这使人们觉得有些乱。 2)I was, to borrow from John Le Carre, the spy who was to stay out in the cold. 借用的话来说(插入语,作状语,译成汉语时,放在句首),我成了一个被打入冷宫的间谍。 3)There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life. 全世界人民过上幸福生活的那一天(终究)是会到来的。 4)The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下干活的员工怕他怕得要死。 5)We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious ill were quite aware of its potential outcome. 给我们留下极深印象的是:(同位语的翻译)即使那些没有被告知严重病情的病人,对其疾病的潜在后果也是非常清楚的。 6)One explanation for the pig-eating taboo is that pork that is not cooked sufficiently may spread a disease called trichinosis. 对禁食猪肉的一种解释是:如果未被煮透的话,猪肉可能会传播一种叫旋毛虫病的疾病。 7)But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 但更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象,因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。(98考研)

(完整版)定语从句翻译练习(综合版)

定语从句翻译练习(综合版) 1.我有一位非常喜欢音乐的朋友。 2.我将永远记住在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 3.英语是全世界都使用的语言。 4.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的运动。 5.今天是我们经历过的最寒冷的一天。 6.你需要做的第一件事就是学习英语。 7.玛丽所指的是哪一幅画。 8.那班我正在等的火车现在已经晚了半小时。 9.我们在街上遇见的那位女士是我们的数学老师。 10.他告诉我侦探们他们想要知道的所有事情。 11.这是我第一次遇见我班主任的地方。 12.我们发现一家餐厅,那里的食物精美可口。 13.那是你借给他钱的男士吗? 14.这是你必须改掉的习惯。 15.你照顾的所有的孩子都喜欢游泳。 16.我有一位同学,他的母亲是一位著名的歌唱家。 17.我住在一间窗户朝北的房间里。 18.这首诗正如人们所知道的那样,这首诗是由汪国真写的。 19.他为什么缺席的原因不明确。 20.我真的很喜欢甜食,这就是我牙齿不好的原因。 21.正像老师昨天说的那样,他考试及格了。 22.正如刚才讨论的那样,学习英语很容易。 23.我将永远记住呆在农村生活的那段日子。 24.孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书。 25.你知道他打算出国留学的原因吗? 26.我讨厌我住过的那个旅馆。 27.我永远也忘记不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天。 28.她是我见过的最善良的女孩。 29.这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页。 30.昨天在购物中心,我遇到了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。 31.人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。 32.这就是我们昨天参观过的那个图书馆。

参考答案 1. I have a friend who likes music very much. 2. I will always remember the teacher who taught us chemistry at high school. 3. English is the language which is used all over the world. 4. Football is a sport that/which most boys like. 5. Today is the coldest day (that) we have ever had. 6. The first thing (that) you need to do is learn English. 7. Which is the picture (that) Marie refers to? 8. The train (that) I was waiting for is now half an hour late. 9. The lady (whom/that) we met in the street is our math teacher. 10. He told me all (that) detectives wanted to know. 11. This is the first time (that) I met my class teacher. 12. We found a restaurant where the food was delicious. 13. Is that the man (that) you lend money? 14. This is the habit (that) you must change. 15. All the children (that) you care for are fond of swimming. 16. I have a classmate whose mother is a famous singer. 17. I live in a room whose windows face north. 18. This poem, as is known to all, is written by Wang Guozhen. 19. The reason why he was absent is not clear. 20. I really like sweet food. That's the reason why I don't have good teeth. 21. As the teacher said yesterday, he passed the exam. 22. As we have just discussed, learning English is very easy. 23. I will always remember the days when I lived in the countryside. 24. The book which was written by Mr. Sun is the best book in the world. 25. Do you know the reason why he plans to study abroad? 26. I hate the hotel where I stayed. / in which I stayed. 27. I will never forget the autumn when we lived and studied together. 28. She is the most kindhearted girl (whom/that) I have ever met. 29. This is the page where you can find the answer. 30. Yesterday at the shopping center, I met the professor (whom/that) I met at a party. 31. People will always remember the time when Hongkong and Macao returned to the motherland. 32. This is the library (which/that) we visited yesterday.

定语从句的翻译

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定语从句的用法并翻译例句

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