文化差异和成语翻译

文化差异和成语翻译
文化差异和成语翻译

著名翻译理论家尤金·奈达(Nida) 认为翻译中涉及的文化因素可以分为五类, 即生态文化(Eco logy ) , 物质文化(material culture) , 社会文化( social culture) , 语言文化( linguistic culture) , 以及宗教文化(Religious culture) [ 1 ]。由此不难看出, 语言和文化之间存在着非常密切的联系。文化包含语言, 又影响语言。语言是文化的一部分, 是文化的重要载体, 通过语言可以保存、交流和反映文化。

由于文化具有鲜明的社会性、民族性和继承性, 不同民族的文化必然各不相同, 存在差异。这就给跨文化语言交流带来了障碍, 从而给翻译带来了困难, 有些困难甚至是难以逾越的。这一点在英汉成语的互译中就表现得尤为突出。

成语是广大人民群众在长期使用过程中提炼出来的短语或短句, 是劳动人民智慧的结晶, 大多言简意赅、生动形象、寓意深刻, 并且沉积了浓厚的历史和民族文化。由于中英两国文化之间存在着较大差异, 两种语言中的成语所包含的文化信息也就迥然不同。如果理解或使用不当, 则会在交流中引起误解, 甚至导致交流失败。这就要求人们, 特别是翻译工作者, 必须对成语中所包含的文化信息充分地了解和掌握, 并将它们在译文中很好地表达出来。笔者将重点阐述文化差异对英汉两种成语所形成的影响, 并讨论一些英汉成语互译中常用的方法。

需要说明的是, 文中所讨论的成语是广义上的成语, 即汉语成语既包括四字词组, 也包括以三字词组居多的口头熟语, 还包括来自民间以短句居多的谚语、俗语; 英语成语则主要包括俗语、谚语和俚语。

一、文化差异对英汉成语形成的影响

各民族的文化既有共性, 又有个性。共性来自人类(包括各个不同的民族) 共有一个客观的大自然[ 2 ] , 对事物及其本质规律的认识基本相同。因此, 语言中必定也存在许多相似的地方。无论汉语成语还是英语成语都是人们在劳动实践与认识世界的过程中提炼、总结出来的思想结晶, 它们也有相似之处。

如time is money (一寸光阴一寸金) , practice makes perfect (熟能生巧) , fish in troubled waters (浑水摸鱼) 等。

但是, 各民族的语言都深深扎根于其特定的民族文化的土壤之中。不同民族由于具有不同的地理环境、历史背景、风俗习惯和宗教信仰, 其语言必定也存在差异。这些差异在汉英成语中也有所体现。

1. 地理环境对英汉成语形成的影响

自然环境是人类赖以生存和发展的基础, 不同的自然环境对民族文化的形成和发展有着不同的影响。华夏民族生活在广袤肥沃的东亚大陆上, 中国自古以来就是农业大国, 土地在人们的生活中就显得至关重要。因此, 汉语中有相当一部分与农业和土地有关的成语。如“斩草除根”“风调雨顺”“面如土色”“挥金如土”等。

英国则是一个岛国, 四面环水。构成英国领土主体的不列颠岛面积共229 800 平方公里, 占英国总面积的94% , 岛上任何一地距海边都不超过120 公里[ 3 ]。得天独厚的海洋资源和渔业资源使得water, sea 和fish 成了人们生活中司空见惯的寻常之物。因此英语中也就有了许多与水、鱼以及航海有关的成语。如as weak as water (弱不禁风) , drink like a fish (豪饮) , to miss the boat (错失良机)。

2. 历史背景对英汉成语形成的影响

语言的发展和民族历史的发展也是紧密相联的。无论是英语还是汉语, 都有相当一部分成语来自真实的历史事件或与某个历史人物有关。在世界史上, 英法两国曾经发生过长达百年的英法战争。此外,

为了争夺海上霸权, 英国还和荷兰发生过战争。因此, 总的来说, 英国人对法国人和荷兰人一般没什么好印象, 反映到语言上, 就有许多包含Dutch 和French 的成语带有贬义色彩。如do a Dutch act (逃走; 自杀) , in Dutch with somebody (得罪某人) , take a French leave (不辞而别) , excuse m y French (对不起, 我讲了粗话)。

另外, 某些英语成语还来源于希腊、罗马神话以及莎士比亚和其他文学巨匠的作品。如the Trojan horse (特洛伊木马, 出自希腊神话) , arrow of Cup id (丘比特之箭, 出自罗马神话) , at one fell swoop (一下子、刹那之间, 出自莎士比亚的戏剧《麦克白》)。

汉语成语也是一样。许多汉语成语都来自历史事件、寓言故事或民间传说, 有的本身就包含某个特定的历史人物或事件, 如“三顾茅庐”“亡羊补牢”“狗咬吕洞宾, 不识好人心”等。

3. 风俗习惯对英汉成语形成的影响

风俗习惯是各民族世代相传、逐渐形成的传统。风俗习惯的差异是英汉文化差异的一个重要方面。

这一点在两种语言的成语形成中有较多的反映, 特别是表现在动物形象和颜色上。

(1) 与动物有关的成语

龙在中西文化中代表两种完全相反的形象。在中国传统文化中, 龙是一种象征吉利的动物。在封建社会, 龙代表帝王、权威和高贵。因此, 汉语中与龙有关的成语一般都含褒义。如“望子成龙”“龙凤呈祥”“乘龙快婿”等。但在西方神话传说中, dragon 却是一种长着翅膀, 身上有鳞, 拖着一条长长的蛇尾,

能够从口中喷火的动物, 常常令人感到恐怖。早在公元700 年左右, 在被誉为“英格兰的民族史诗”——Song of Beowulf 中, 就有关于Beowulf 与恶龙大战三天三夜, 最后杀死恶龙的故事。因此, 在西方文化中, dragon 通常代表邪恶, a dragon 常用来形容飞扬跋扈、令人讨厌的人。

在东西方两种文化中, 还有许多动物的形象都有差异。如猫头鹰在中国人眼中是倒霉、厄运的预兆,

人们常用“夜猫子进宅”来形容厄运就要来临。但在西方国家, 猫头鹰却被视为智慧的象征, 因此有成语as wise as an owl (非常聪明) 一说。

(2) 与颜色有关的成语

无论是在英语还是汉语里, 颜色除了其基本意义外, 都能使人们产生许多相应的联想。这些联想意义大都与人们的风俗习惯有很大的关系。虽然在中西方文化中有些颜色的联想意义相同或相近, 但还是存在许多差异。

红色在中国历史上被崇尚的朝代最多, 时间最长。人们常用红色象征喜庆、欢乐和吉祥。春节时家家都要贴红对联。结婚时新娘穿红袍, 头上盖红盖头, 新郎戴大红花。因此, 包含“红”字的词语一般都表示兴旺、发达、圆满、受欢迎等意义[ 4 ] , 如“开门红”“红得发紫”“红极一时”等。在英语里, 除了极少数的成语如red2letter day (喜庆日子) , to roll a red carpet for somebody (隆重欢迎某人) 之外, red 一般不具备这些含义。相反, 它往往与“流血、暴力、危险、警告”或某些不好的事联系起来。如red tape (官僚作风, 繁文缛节, 主要因律师和政府官员用红绸带捆扎官方文件而得名) , a red rag to a bull (激起暴怒的缘由,

来源于古罗马角斗士经常用一红布将牛激怒)。可能正是由于这样一种文化心理, 英国翻译家大卫·霍克斯(David Hawkes) 在翻译《红楼梦》这一中国古典巨著时, 才将其篇名译成The Story of the Stone,

将“怡红公子”译成green boy,“怡红院”译成the House of Green Delight s[ 5 ]。

此外, 黑、白、黄、绿、蓝等颜色在汉语和英语中的联想意义大都也有出入。例如, 黄色在西方国家传统上象征胆怯。因此英语中便有如下的习语: to show a yellow streak (表现胆怯, 懦弱) , turn yellow (害怕, 胆怯起来)。但在汉文化中, 黄色一般代表万世不变的土地之色, 也是帝王之色。它常给人辉煌、肃穆、崇高之感。因此汉语中有如下成语: 黄道吉日、黄袍加身[ 5 ]。

4. 宗教信仰对英汉成语形成的影响

每个民族都有各自的宗教信仰和宗教文化, 它对人们的价值观念和生活习惯的形成以及语言表达有着潜移默化的影响。

在几千年的历史长河中, 中华民族主要信仰佛教与道教。因此, 汉语里有许多与佛教、道教有关的成语, 如“借花献佛”“临时抱佛脚”“道高一尺, 魔高一丈”等。另外, 中国人还敬奉天神, 如“天经地义”“谢天谢地”“天无绝人之路”等。中国历代皇帝也都称自己是“真龙天子”。

在英国等西方国家, 影响最大的宗教是基督教。在西方人心中, God 具有无上的法力。英语成语中也有许多与God 相关的成语。如God help s those w ho help them selves (天助自

助者) ,M an proposes,

God disposes (谋事在人, 成事在天)。诅咒一个人时人们常说God dam n you, 危险过后常说Thank God或God b less you。基督教的教义《圣经》一直被奉为西方文化的经典。英语中许多成语也正是出于此。如finger on the w all (不祥之兆) , cast one’s b read upon the waters (真心行善, 不望回报)。

从以上几个方面我们可以看出, 文化对成语的影响是深远而广泛的。语言学习者要想正确理解英汉成语, 并成功进行英汉成语的互译, 就必须首先对英汉两种文化有深刻的了解。

二、英汉成语互译的主要方法

翻译是两种语言之间的转换, 而语言和文化的紧密关系要求在语言转换中必须进行文化的转换。因此, 虽然传统上翻译活动一直被看作两种语言之间的转换过程, 翻译研究一直以语言分析和文本对照为主要任务, 但从上世纪80 年代后期开始, 一大批学者却开始从不同文化的角度研究翻译问题, 从而在翻译研究领域内引起了一场变革, 即翻译研究领域内的“文化转向”(cultural shift)。一些翻译理论家, 如兰博( Lambert) 和雷恩(Robyn s) 认为: 与其把翻译视为一种双语之间的转换活动, 不如把翻译看成是两种文化之间的交流活动[ 6 ]。

但是, 由于文化具有鲜明的民族性、时代性和继承性, 这就给翻译带来了极大的困难。成语更是因其独有的特点让译者备感艰辛。在成语到底该如何翻译的问题上, 许多学者提出了不同的意见和方法, 如异化归化之辩、直译意译之争。现在, 除了一些常见的成语已有了定译, 许多成语特别是一些生动、鲜明、形象的成语的翻译还未能达到形神俱似的境地, 因此还存在很多争议。

笔者认为, 既然翻译的最终目的是实现跨文化交流, 那么, 成语翻译也应遵循这个原则。因此, 成语翻译一方面要尽量将原文的意思用“最贴切、最自然的对等语再现出来”, 用奈达的话说, 即是“The best translation does no t sound like a t ran slat ion”; 另一方面, 还要尽力将原文的文化信息展现于译文读者面前, 使其了解到原文所包含的文化信息。鲁迅先生曾说过:“如果还是翻译, 那么, 首先的目的, 就在于博览外国的作品, 不但移情, 也要益智, 至少知道何地何时有这等事, 这和旅行外国是很相像的: 它必须有异国情调, 就是所谓洋气??凡是翻译, 必须兼顾着两面, 一当然为求其易解, 一则保存着原作的丰姿。”具体到某个成语的翻译上, 就是能直译的就直译, 不能直译的就意译, 或努力寻求这二者之间的最佳结合点, 但一定要确保在最大程度上将原文所包含的文化信息呈现在译文读者面前。比较实用的成语翻译方法可以归结为直译法、直译加解释法、等值互借法和意译法等几种。下面对这几种方法一一加以解释说明。

1. 直译法

所谓直译法, 是指在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想的条件下, 在译文中保留原成语的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩的方法[ 7 ]。它适用于一些由于使用的范围广、次数多, 其字面意义和比喻意义已经广泛为译文读者所接受的成语。如a gentleman’s agreement (君子协定) , armed to the teeth (武装到牙齿) , 纸老虎(paper tiger) , 竹篮打水一场空(draw water in a bam boo basket)。armed to the teeth曾被译为“全副武装”, 但这种译法却失去了原

文的形象性。因此, 人们后来倾向于将它译为“武装到牙齿”。

直译的好处是能够比较完整地保留原成语的比喻形象、民族色彩和语言风格。但是, 如果直译太多或直译不当, 则容易使读者感到滑稽可笑或莫名其妙, 甚至引起误会或错误联想。比如说, 若译者不了解rat 在西方文化中象征卑鄙、肮脏而rabbit 象征胆小, 想当然地把“胆小如鼠”直译为as timid as a rat, 外国读者一定会百思不得其解。

2. 直译加解释法

为了保留原文所包含的文化信息, 人们更多地采用直译而不是意译, 但由于语言所扎根的文化土壤不同, 直译很可能会引起歧义和模糊。在这种情况下, 最好采用直译加解释法。例如a Don Juan (唐璜,

意为风流浪子) , to carry coals to New castle (运煤到纽卡索, 指多此一举, 纽卡索——英国一产煤中心) , 班门弄斧( show off one’s proficiency with axe before L u Ban, the m aster carpenter) , 三个臭皮匠,

胜过诸葛亮(The w it of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge L iang, the m aster mind)。

这类成语一般有很强的民族文化色彩或特殊的喻义。例如Don Juan 是英国著名诗人拜伦(Byron)

一经典作品中的中心人物, 他是一个勇敢、风流又充满好奇心的骑士。现在, 他经常被用来指代具有这些品质的年轻人。这类成语如果不加解释地直译出来, 译文读者一般很难理解其寓意。如果改为意译, 又无法保存其原有的形象和风格。因此, 这类成语的翻译可以采用直译加解释法, 分两部分进行。前一部分直译以保留原成语的文化色彩, 使读者见到其原有的形象和风格, 后一部分加以解释, 帮助读者进一步理解它们的潜在意义。一般说来, 包含特定的历史背景, 特别是出自文学作品、历史事件等带有浓厚的民族地方色彩或具有典故性的成语可采取这种译法。

3. 等值互借法

成语的对等是从三个方面体现出来的, 即比喻意义、比喻形式和感情色彩[ 8 ]。有些英语成语和汉语成语无论是在内容, 还是在形式或感情色彩上都比较相近, 这时候, 成语翻译就可以采用等值互借法, 或称同义习语套用法。这种方法不但可以保留源语的形象、风格, 又符合目标语的语言结构和习惯, 可以让译文读者轻松理解原文所要表达的含义, 从而顺利实现跨文化交流。如burn the boat (破釜沉舟) , great minds think alike (英雄所见略同) , turn a deaf ear to (充耳不闻) , a drop in the ocean (沧海一粟)。

在使用这种方法时, 一定要注意成语的翻译应尽可能保持原文的文化特色和民族色彩。带有浓厚民族地方色彩或具有典故性的成语要尽量避免相互套用, 以免使原成语失去原有的民族特色和异国风味,

从而和原作的上下文形成矛盾。如One can’t make bricks without straw 源于《圣经》, 富于西方色彩, 就不宜用来翻译“巧妇难为无米之炊”(Even the cleverest housewife can’t cook a meal without rice)。

4. 意译法

意译法指翻译时仅保留原文的意思而不保留原文表达形式的方法。当由于文化差异而无法直译, 又无同义成语可以借用时, 就得用意译法, 结合上下文灵活传达原意。如a skeleton in the cupboard (家丑) , co ld com fort (徒增悲痛的安慰, 语出英国诗人M ichael D rayton 的诗句“None else there is gives comfort to m y grief”) , 逼上梁山(be forced to do something) , 打开天窗说亮话(f rankly speaking)。

这种方法还适用于那些运用具体、浅显的比喻来说明比较抽象的事理, 且语言生动诙谐的歇后语。

如“骑驴看唱本——走着瞧”可译为w ait and see,“狗咬吕洞宾, 不识好人心”可译为to snap and snarlat a k ind2hearted m an.

总之, 英汉两种语言中都含有大量文化内涵丰富的成语, 将其翻译得较为准确绝非易事。在具体的翻译过程中, 译者到底该选用哪种翻译方法, 也可根据具体情况作适当变化。如“朝秦暮楚”在一般情况下可用直译加解释法译为to serve ( the state of) Q in in the morning and ( the state of ) Chu in the evening——be quick to switch sides. 但它若用来描写一个人在爱情或友谊方面易变时, 用意译法直接译为be fickle 或者inconsistent 则比较合适[ 9 ]。

三、结束语

文化对成语的影响是多方面的, 英汉成语也不是不可译的。虽然成语翻译特别是那些含有丰富文化信息的成语翻译并没有固定的模式, 到底该采用何种方法应根据上下文灵活选择, 但只要我们认真学习、钻研两种文化的意蕴, 发现异同, 并找出适当的翻译方法, 它们不但可译, 而且能够促进中西方文化的发展和传播, 在跨文化交流中起到积极的作用。

英语作文中最常用的60个成语翻译

1.爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one’s best 8.不打不成交No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 11.大事化小小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界open one’s eyes; broaden one’s horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little. 15.功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 18.和气生财Harmony brings wealth.

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中国成语英语翻译大全 Where there is a will, there is a way。有志者。事竟成爱屋及乌Love me,love my dog. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing。比上不足,比下有余"worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start。不眠之夜white night 不以物喜,不以己悲not pleased by external gains,not saddened by personnal losses 不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one\'s best 不打不成交”No discord, no concord. 拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 大事化小,小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界open one\'s eyes; broaden one\'s horizon; be an eye-opener 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits。好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 好事不出门,恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 和气生财Harmony brings wealth 活到老,学到老One is never too old to

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100个中国成语俗语的英文翻译

1.爱屋及乌.Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一One look is worth a thousand words./Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足,比下有余to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 4.笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 6不打不成交No discord, no concord. 7拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 8辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new 9大事化小,小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 10.大开眼界broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 11国泰民安the country flourishes and people live in peace 12过犹不及going beyond the limit is as bad as falling short; excess is just as bad as deficiency; too much is as bad as too little 13好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 14好事不出门,坏事传千里Bad news travels fast. 15和气生财harmony brings wealth;/friendliness is conducive to business success 16活到老学到老never too old to learn 17既往不咎let bygones be bygones 18金无足赤,人无完人There are spots even on the sun. 19金玉满堂Treasures fill the home. 20脚踏实地be down-to-earth 21脚踩两只船sit on the fence; be a fence-sitter; have a foot in either camp

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“四字格”翻译 (一)并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead

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中国成语翻译成英语 1.爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losse s 7.不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 8.不打不成交No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year an d ring in th e new 11.大事化小小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news s pread far and wide. 18.和气生财Harmony brings wealth. 19.活到老学到老One is never too old to learn. 20.既往不咎let bygones be bygones 21.金无足赤人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.

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1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见(眼见为实) Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜 white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth. 19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn. 20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones 21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect. 22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.

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100个中国成语俗语的英文翻译

100 个中国成语俗语的英文翻译 01 爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog. 02 百闻不如一见 One look is worth a thousand words. Seeing is believing. 03 比上不足,比下有余 to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 04 笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 05 不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one “ s best 06 不打不成交 No discord, no concord. 07 拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 08 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new 09 大事化小,小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it tonothing at all 10大开眼界

broaden one “ s horizon; be an-eoyp e ner 11国泰民安 the country flourishes and people live in peace 12过犹不及 going beyond the limit is as bad as falling short;excess is just as bad asdeficiency; too much is as bad as too little 13好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more 14好事不出门,坏事传千里 Bad news travels fast. 15和气生财 harmony brings wealth; friendliness is conducive to business success 16活到老学到老 never too old to learn 17既往不咎 let bygones be bygones 18金无足赤,人无完人 There are spots even on the sun. 19金玉满堂

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