高三英语如何辅导学生做好高考英语试题中的书面表达题

高三英语如何辅导学生做好高考英语试题中的书面表达题
高三英语如何辅导学生做好高考英语试题中的书面表达题

如何辅导学生做好高考英语试题中的书面表达题

书面表达题旨在测试考生的英语表达能力,看其是否能够运用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流,这是一种较好的主观性命题。从历年高考试卷来看,书面表达是指导性写作,即按照题目所给的目的、时间、对象、地点、内容、长度等条件去完成写作。它不同于命题作文,可以随意发挥;也不是简单的句子翻译。必须做到行文切题,紧扣中心思想,不漏要点,并且意思连贯,文理通顺,语言准确、得当。

一、书面表达并不神秘

学习知识的目的是应用。用所学的外语知识同别人对话是应用;标准化考试的书面表达也是应用。书面表达并不神秘,它是要求学生们根据所给的情景(提示)和要求(所要写出文章的目的、对象、时间、地点、内容、字数多少等)写一篇书面表达材料。学生能做到所表达的内容符合所给的情景和要求,文理通顺,语言准确得当即可,它不是纯粹的“作文”,因为它是给予一定揭示的。它并不要求考生立意选材、谋篇布局,而是将所给情景以恰当的形式用英语表达出来。它类似我们常做的“汉译英”,但又不同于“汉译英”,它比直接翻译有较大的灵活性,它的要求并不高,难度也不大,因此,辅导这种考试首先要破除神秘感,使考生克服紧张心理,充分发挥自己的水平,争取好成绩。

二、如何辅导书面表达

书面表达是英语知识的综合运用,它要求知识应用正确、语法正确、词能达意、卷面整洁、字迹清晰、大小写和标点的使用准确,因此要从基础抓起,由浅入深,循序渐进。

第一、抓学生写字的基本功训练

学生的字体好坏直接影响学生非智力因素的得分。教师评卷时常常感到学生的字迹太不规范。如写“a”时开口,变成了“u”“d”时分家变成了“c l”,这都使批卷人非常伤神,学生容易丢感情分。为使学生们写得快,写得规范,强迫他们抄练个别字母的单写和连写。如a、d、f、g、l、m、w等。再如要求学生在改正错词时不要乱涂或画圈,而要一笔一划去写,还要告诉学生正确使用标点,提醒他们英语里没有“。”和“《》”等标点符号。

第二、抓学生的听写能力训练

书面表达只有25分钟的限定时间,因而要求学生对所学单词和句型反应迅速,而听写是听和写两种训练的结合。听、说、读、写几个方面的训练是相辅相成,互相促进的。特别是在高三阶段,它是一项贯穿于英语复习教学全过程的一项必要训练,是开发学生智力,促使学生语言能力全面发展,提高写作能力的一个重要途径。

教师可以用教材、补充练习题、课外教材和课堂上不写板书而让学生听写,利用课堂和早读时间进行训练 .听写内容有音素对比、单词注音、词组、句子和由课文缩写而成的短文以及其它短文(词数在100个左右)。听写的方式为教师读说或放录音材料。从起初的简单、慢速逐渐增加难度和速度,循序渐近。通过训练提高学生的应用能力、逻辑思维能力,使他们能快速地分析、判断,能迅速落笔写出应该使用的单词书面词形。听写训练不但能促进耳、脑、手、眼等多种器官,同时能高效率地协调工作,提高写作速度和准确性,而且能调动学生的语言潜力。

第三、抓课堂复述和造句练习

根据已学过一次课文的情况,高三复习要突出简笔画和造句这二项训练,即利用简笔画让学生复述课文,训练缩写能力;用学过的积极词、词组造句;有意识地把几个句子连在一起形成一篇小文章来表达一个内容。这样做不但能照顾整体复习,图文并茂,生动有趣,

而且教材中的基本句型、语言点、语法知识也在口头表达的过程中得到了加深巩固,同时也提高了学生的表达能力和写作水平。

第四、抓写日记和早晨的5分钟报告

教师不能因为高考有作文而去压题,复习的方针应该是以不变应万变,抓基础的培养、技能的训练,其主要抓好晨报和日记写作。在每天早晨用5分钟请1个同学做口头作文,之后师生们共同修改错处,这不但能弄清许多疑点,改正常见错误,而且能取长补短,学生的兴趣也能增加。另外,让学生根据自己感兴趣的题目,每周写两篇日记,训练同学们的写作能力。

由于书面表达考查的是学生“初中的英语基础和高中的英语技能”所以一定要抓好高一,高二阶段的课堂教学,要求学生读好课文,形成语感。课上耳听、脑想、手写、心里复述,即从各方面“Practise,practise and practise.”为高三复习打下良好的基础。

三、辅导步骤

要采取逐渐深入的方针,由易到难进行各种题目的辅导训练。

1.写缩写,这是最简单的写作练习。学生根据课文或课外阅读材料总结出中心大意,用自己的话串联起来就形成了一篇150个词左右的小短文。这是一种最基本、最方便的写作练习形式。

2.写日记,这是一种常规写作练习。要能以不变应万变就必须常练笔。日记写什么体裁都可以。它的好处是短小方便、自由灵活,特别是可以在日记中应用每天所学到的知识。

3.看图写故事,所用图画可以由教师们各画一幅,大家轮流使用。材料可以从报刊杂志、参考书中挑选 .训练分两个阶段:第一阶段,给学生图画和英语提示,要求在文章里使用这些提示;第二阶段,只给图画不附提示,让学生自己发挥。它的难度较大,一般应有了基本写作能力后再做。让学生学会理解图画所想反映的中心意思,平时学习中老师可以经常找一些图画给学生看并且引导他们去思考,提出他们的观点。

4.常用文体,如信、通知、记叙文等。因为有了上面的训练,只讲解写作格式和要求,让学生自己发挥就可以了。作文字数一般在130—150个词之间。

四、书面表达应注意的五点

1.认真审题。书面表达试题除了在提示语中明确写作要求,可能用多种形式提供情景,揭示所要表达的内容。审题时要仔细理解试题的提示语,弄清试题对内容和形式方面的具体要求,明确是何种体裁、格式。试题所提供的情景是确定表达内容的重要依据,要英语提供的情景有许多可以利用和借鉴的地方,如果是“看图说话”,就要仔细研究画面的内容。凡需表达的要点,不可缺少。看图作文须注意的问题:①仔细观察几幅图画,弄清故事的开头和结尾,理清事件的发展过程; ②确定好表达要点, 要点不仅仅体现在图画中,还体现在所给题目要求的文字中。

对于文字提示的写作,要注意根据表达的需要选择恰当的时态。如:1996年的书面表达题目要求根据表中的文字性提示写一篇自我介绍,叙述求学过程的句子要用一般过去时,介绍个人爱好的句子应用一般现在时;2001年写信介绍学生减轻学业负担后的课外活动情况,写作时也要将一般现在时和一般过去时相结合;2005年山东高考假设你是新华中学的学生李华,得知某英文报招聘兼职记者,你有意应聘,请按所给要点给报社写一封自荐信,这种作文除介绍工作经历的句子用一般过去时态外,其他均应使用现在时态。

看图写作比文字提示写作更能考察学生的思维能力和语言组织能力。大致可分为三种类型:①写信。如,2005年全国高考大部分省的英语书面表达几乎都是要求写书信,运用的时态多是一般现在时态,间或使用一般过去时。2003年为朋友介绍所租房屋的位置和大体结构,文中的时态也以一般现在时为主。②写日记。写日记一般是叙述过去的事件,

所以句子的时态多是一般过去时,如1998年的记叙到农场的参观活动的书面表达。③写一篇短文,记叙一件事的发生过程。如2000年的描绘一起交通事故的过程, 写作时多运用一般过去时。

2.明确得分点。高考命题时考虑到计分的统一尺度,都安排了内容上的得分点,写全一个,即可得分。考生应细心分析,模清主题和内容要点,然后再有的放矢的一一写全,并联贯成文。这样既避免漏点,又限制了任意发挥。

对文字说明较多的、提示内容清楚的试卷,考生不难发现得分点。而看图写作就要注意轻重恰当,还要根据试题要求和文章主题适当取舍。如93年NMET是看图写故事,从六幅图中可以找出故事梗概和八个得分点:(1)父母住在农村。(2)家里有一条狗,叫阿福。(3)父母带妹妹和阿福去田间劳动。(4 )妹妹走向河边,阿福跟随。(5)妹妹摘花,失足落水。(6)阿福边叫边跳下河。(7)父母跑过来看到阿福救妹妹。(8)妹妹得救,阿福受称赞。

将这些得分点按逻辑联贯成一个完整的故事,不必增补、发挥。叙述文应该顺叙,不必倒叙。其它体裁最好也按“提示”的次序写,以免给阅卷教师造成漏点、杂乱的错觉。

3.正确表达,符合英语语言习惯。答题时切忌汉语式英语(Chinglish)。如87年试卷中在“补全对话”一题里有一句是“你要买什么?”。多数考生译成了“What do you want to buy?”我们不要把所表达的内容先用汉语固定下来,然后再逐句逐词地硬译。要扬长避短,在不改变原文基本内容的前提下,灵活地运用最熟悉最有把握的词汇和句式。如在高中课本第一册第二课里有一句话是:“We will visit a boy nam ed Charlie Green who is not feeling too well this morning.”在这一句话中,如果我们的考生定语从句和非谓语类动词学得扎实的话,就可以大胆使用,这样让你文章增色不少。反之,可以这样的语句化整为零,化繁为简,分成几个简单句,力求表达准确无误:“We will visit a bo y. The boy is named Charlie Green. He is not feeling too well this mornin g.”当然与原句相比,文采大减,但毕竟句子通顺,无语法错误,符合原句意,绝不会丢分。

4.书写清楚,文章位置适中。书面表达属主观性试题,阅卷的主观印象直接关系到分等得分。主观印象之一就是书写是否认真,字迹是否清楚。近年来高考的书面表达要求考生的文章,段落层次分明,结构合理,让人看了赏心悦目,明了清晰。不再像以前的文章一段到底,让人看了,就觉得密密麻麻,拥挤不堪,还要注意保持卷面整洁,书写工整清楚,这些都会直接影响阅老师卷的情绪。否则,这就使其印象分大打折扣。

5.时间安排得当。高考阅卷中常常发现有的考生仅写半截就中断了,草草了事。甚至有的前面答得好而书面表达却是空白。凡此种种,不难看出都是因为第一卷耗时太多,致使第二卷时间不够。NMET的书面表达仅有25分钟,这段时间应该这样安排:审题三分钟,理清文章中的得分点并将其可以用来表达要点的短语或句型列举出来,打草稿十分钟,誊写、复看十分钟,看内容要点有无遗漏,标点、格式、大小写是否规范,是否有语病等。在句与句,之间添上一些关联词,或在段与段之间加上承上启下的词,让上下文更好地融为一体,更加联贯。两分钟机动。高考书面表达难度属中等,它不需要用很复杂的句子,很冷僻的词,更不需什么文采,只要求表达清楚。写一篇一百五十多个单词的文章用二十五分钟是足够的。

要真正提高书面表达的水平,主要靠坚实的基础知识和平时大量的写作训练,只要充分重视,认真训练,就一定取得好成绩。

高考英语书面表达背诵范文25篇

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