语言学试题

第八章语言与心理、文化、社会、计算机Chapter Eight: Language and Mind, Culture, Society and Computer

真题实战

1. Define the following terms

1)1)diglossia (同济大学1999年、南开大学2001年、

武汉大学2003年考研试题)

2)2)social dialect (武汉大学2004年考研试题)

3)3)official language （中山大学、武汉大学2000年

考研试题）

4)4)tobacco （同济大学2000年、大连外国语学院2002

年考研试题）

5)5)code switching （同济大学2000年考研试题）

6)6)free variation (武汉大学2004年考研试题)

7)7)linguistic relativity (中山大学2004年考研试

题)

8)8)the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis（上海外国语大学、

南开大学2000年、浙江大学2003年考研试题）

9)9)restricted code （南开大学2000年考研试题)

10)10)proxemics (南开大学2000年考研试题)

11)11)cross-cultural communication (浙江大学

2003年考研试题)

12)12)computational linguistics (浙江大学2004

年考研试题)

13)13)corpus linguistics (南开大学2004年考研试

题)

14)14)CALL （南开大学2004年考研试题)

2. Word Completion

Directions:Fill in the blanks with the most suitable

words

1)1)＿，which severs as a polite substitute for

taboo expression, is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression substituted when the speaker or writer fears that more direct wording might be harsh or offensive.(武汉大学2002年考研试题)

2)2)A＿is a mixed and limited language used for

some practical purposes by groups of people who do not know each other’s languages.(武汉大学2002年考研试题)

3)3)When a pidgin has acquired native speakers,

that is to say, when it becomes the first language of a social community, it becomes a ＿.(上海交通大学2003年考研试题)

4)4)People do not perceive the world freely but

rather they do so through language, a filtering structure which will distort the reality and thus influence and control the thought. This view is commonly referred to as ＿Hypothesis, which can be traced back to Von Humboldt. (中山大学2003年考研试题)

5)5)The linguistic study of language ＿is

called institutional linguistics. （中山大学2002年考研试题)

6)6)The word “afters”usually used in ＿class.

(中山大学2002年考研试题)

7)7)More qualifiers and intensifiers are used by

＿. (电子科技大学2002年考研试题)

8)8)The term ＿describes the observed fact that

people take turns at speaking, one at a time in conversation. (吉林大学2004年考研试题)

3. True or False Questions

Directions: D ecide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false in the bracket before each of them.

1)1)( ) Sociolinguists are interested in “terms

of address”because they offer some socio-cultural information about the type of relationship between the speaker and the hearer. (上海外国语大学2000年考研试题)

2)2)( ) Micro-sociolinguistics is

sociolinguistics proper. (东南大学2003年考研试题)

3)3)（） Linguistic competence is one variety

of cultural-competence. (东南大学2003年考研试题)

4)4)( ) In Hymes’view, the learner acquires

knowledge of sentences not only as grammatical knowledge of the ideal language user and has nothing to do with the actual use of language in concrete situation. (南开大学2004年考研试题)

第八章试题答案

2.

1)1)Euphemism 2)pidgin 3)creole 4)Sapir-Whorf

5)planning 6)lower 7)women 8)adjacency pair 3.

1) T 2)F 3)T 3)F 4)T

第九章语言学与外国教学

Chapter Nine: Linguistics and Foreign Language Teaching

1. Define the following terms

1)1)negative transfer (上海外国语大学2000年考研

试题)

2)2)communicative competence （上海外国语大学2000

年、浙江大学2002年、广东外语外贸大学2004年考研试题)

3)3)interlanguage (华南理工大学2004年考研试题)

4)4)error analysis (中山大学2003年考研试题)

5)5)language acquisition vs. language learning (同

济大学2000年考研试题)

6)6)strategic competence (上海交通大学2003年考研

试题)

7)7)backwash effect (浙江大学2003年考研试题)

8)8)affective filter (上海交通大学2003年考研试题)

2. Multiple Choice

Directions: In each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer to the question or the sentence.

1)1)＿refers to the extent to which the test

adequately cover the syllabus area to be tested.

(武汉理工各大学2005年考研试题)

3. Word Completion

Directions:Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words

1)1)The purpose of＿test is to discover what the

testee already knows about the target language.

It is not concerned with any particular course but the learner’s general level of language mastery.

(中山大学2004年考研试题)

2)2)In 1957， Robert Lado published his linguistic

Across Cultures in which he presented a large quantity of data and stated the importance of ＿analysis. (中山大学2004年考研试题)

3)3)The term ＿is used to described the process

whereby a child users one word like ball to refer to an apple, an egg, a grape and a ball ？(吉林大学2004年考研试题)

4. True or False Questions

Directions: D ecide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false in the bracket before each of them.

1)1)( ) Regardless of their ethnic and cultural

background, children of all colors and societies follow roughly the same rout/order of language development, though they may differ in the rate of learning. (上海外国语大学200年考研试题)

2)2)（）It is generally believed that people learn

their first language consciously and acquire their second language naturally.(上海外国语大学

2000年考研试题)

3)3)（） Overgeneralization is a common error made

by an early foreign learner.(吉林大学2000年考研试题)

4)4) ( ) An achievement test assesses how much a

learner has mastered the contents of a particular course. (南开大学2004年考研试题)

第九章试题答案

2.

1）D

3.

1）proficiency 2）contrastive 3)holophrastic

4.

1) T 2)F 3)F 4)T

第六章

1 Mltiple choice

Directions:In each question there four choices. Dicide which one would be the best answer to the question or to complete the sentence.

1)An illocutionary act is identical with _______.(东南大学2002年考研

试题）

A sentense meaning

B the speaker's intention

C language understanding

D the speaker's competence

2)The Indirect Speach Act was developed by _______.(东南大学2000年考研试题）

A John Austin

B Levinson

C John lyons DJohn Searle

3)_______is a branch of linguistics which is the study of meaning in the context of use.(武汉理工大学2005年考研试题）

A morphology

B syntax

C Pragmatics

D Semantic

4）Tautologies like boys are boys and war is war are extreme examples in which the maxim of _______is violated.(武汉理工大学2005年考研试题）

A quality

B quantity

C relevance

D manner

2 Word Completion

Directions:Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words.

1)In the light of the _______principle ,four maxims are specified.They are the maxim of quantity,maxim of________,maxim of________and the maxim of_______.（人民大学2005年、吉林大学2004年考研试题）

2）The speech act theory explains the nature of linguistic communication. It says that a speaker,while making an utterance ,is performing three acts simultaneoursly:

a locutionary act,an _______act ,and a _________act.(上海交通大学2003年考研试题）

3 Ture or False Questions

Directions:Decide wheather the following statements are ture or false. Write T for ture and F for false in the bracket before each of them.

1)()The Cooperative Principle ,an important pragmatic

principle ,proposed by P.Grice,aims to explain how speakers carry on communication cooperatively in utterances.(上海外国语大学2000年考研试题）

2)()A sentence is a grammatical unit and an utterance is a pragmatic notion.(上海外国语大学2000年考研试题）

3)()According to Searle's classification of speech

acts ,request,order,sugest and advice all belong to the same one general class because they are all intended by the speaker to get the hearer to do someting.(上海外国语大学2000年考研试题）

答案

1 bdcb

2 1)cooperative quality relation manner

2)illocutionary perlocutionary

3 T T T

第七章

1 Mltiple choice

Directions:In each question there four choices. Dicide which one would be the best answer to the question or to complete the sentence.

1)In the present day,the stability of _____seems to be decreasing.(东南大学2002 年考研试题）

A social-class dialect

B idiolect

C taboo

D regional dialect

2 Word Completion

Directions:Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words.

1)Any discourse can be seen as a configuration of field,mode and

______.(中山大学2003年考研试题）

2)The ______theory shows a language existing in different dialects that overlap each other.(中山大学2002年考研试题）

3）Name four subfamilies in the Indo-European language family:______ , _______,______,_______(大连外国语学院2002年考研试题）

4）The language in the Germanic subfamily are

______,______,______,_______,_______and________(大连外国语学院2002年考研试题）

5)English belongs to the _______subfamily of the ________family.(上海交通大学2003年考研试题）

6）________languages are those in which words are typically composed of

a sequence of affixes added to the root(中山大学2002年考研试题）

7)The term______describes a situation in which two distinct varieties of a language ,a"high"and a "low" ,are used,each with separate social functions.(吉林大学2004年考研试题）

8)________,a modern language ,uses a partially syllabic writing systerm.(吉林大学2004年考研试题）

3 Ture or False Questions

Directions:Decide wheather the following statements are ture or false. Write T for ture and F for false in the bracket before each of them.

1)()Greek dose not belong to Indo-European Language Family.(大连外国语学院2000年考研试题）

2)()Regional dialect is a variety of language related to the use a language.(东南大学2003年考研试题）

3)()The term Stream of Consciousness was origionally coined by the philosopher William James in his Principle of Psychology to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind.(南开大学2004

年考研试题）

4)()Black verse consists of lines in iambic pentameter which do not rhyme.(南开大学2004年考研试题）

答案

1D

2 1)tenor 2)wave 3)Celtic Italic Germanic Hellenic 4)English German Danish Norwegian Swedish Dutch 5)Germanic Indo-European

6)Agglutinative 7)diglossia

8)Japanese

3 FFTT

二·真题实战

1.1.Define the following terms

1)1)structuralist linguistics (同济大学1999年考研试题)

2)2)ideational function (同济大学1999年考研试题)

2.2.Multiple choice

Directions: In each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer to the question or to complete the sentence.（东南大学2001年考研试题）

1)1)Discovering procedures are practiced by______.

A. A.descriptive grammar

B. TG grammar

C. traditional grammar

D. functional

grammar

2)2)In which of the following did Chomsky add the semantic component to his TG

Grammar

For the first time?（武汉理工大学2005年考研试题）

A. A.The Classic Theory

B. The Standard Theory

C. The Extended Standard Theory

D. The Minimalist Program

3) According to Halliday, the three general function of language are______.(武汉理工大学2005

年考研试题)

A. ideational, interpersonal and textual

B. ideational, informative and textual

C. met linguistic, interpersonal and textual

D. ideational interpersonal and referential

3. Word Completion

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words.

1) For bloom filed, linguistics is a branch of psychology, and specifically of the positivistic brand

of psychology known as_______(中山大学2004年考研真题)

2) The Prague School can be traced back to its first metting under the leadership of______(中山大

学2004年考研试题)

3) Franz Boas(1885_1942)worked as organizer of a survey of many indigenous languages of

America north of Mexico. The result of the survey was the book entitled_______（中山

大学2003年试题）

4）M.A.K.Halliday studied Chinese at Peking University under Luo Changpei from 1947 to1949,and then at ______University under Wang Li from 1949 to 1950.(中山大学2003年考研试题)

5)_______Theory was formally proposed by Dan Sperber and Dwirdre Wilson in their book Relevance: Communication and Cognition in1986.(中上大学2004年考研题)

6)The distinction between the ideal language user’s knowledge of the language, which is called ______,and the actual realization of this knowledge in utterance, which is called ______is made by American linguist Noam Chomsky(上海交通大学2003年考研试题)

7) A generative grammar is mot limited to particular languages, but to reveal the unity of

particular grammars and universal grammars, It does nor describe one language as an end, but as a _______in order explore the _______rules in the hope of revealing human cognitive systems and the essential _______of human beings.

In order to reach this ultimate goal, Chomsky puts forward three different levels to evaluate grammars on. They are the _________adequacy level ,the _______adequacy level ,and the _______adequacy level .On the first level ,_______are able produce correct explanations for

_______linguistic data ,but also produce correct explanations for the linguistic competence of the speaker and hearer .On the third, and the highest level ,grammars that are sufficiently described should reveal _______and then relate it with ________grammars in order to be related to the initial state of the human mind for the purpose of revealing ________systems. It is after successful descriptions of many languages and subsequent generalization ____of human language that it is possible to explore the _______of the human mind that contains universal grammars. In a sense, the way a linguist does his work is just contrary to ______from a universal grammar, a linguist tries to discover a universal grammar from particular grammars.(清华大学2005年考研试题)

4 True or False Questions

Directions: decide whether the following statements are true or false Write T for true and for false in the bracket before each of them.

1) ( ) In the Classical theory, Chomsky’s aim is to make linguistics a science. This theory is characterized by three feature :( 1) emphasis on prescription of language, (2) introduction of transformational rules, and (3) grammatical description regardless of language formation.(南开大学2004年考研试题)

2) ( )Generative grammar is a system of rules that in some explicit and well-defined way assigns structural descriptions to sentences. (南开大学2004年考研试题)

答案：

1. Definition the following terms

1) structuralist linguistics

Structuralist linguistics is a principally American phenomenon of the mid-20th century, typified by the work of Leonard Bloomfied, who drew on ideas of the behaviorist school of psychology. The structuralists are primarily concerned with phonology, and syntax. They focus on the physical features of utterances with the little regard for meaning or lexicon. Structuralist linguistics describes linguistic features in terms of structures and systems. Dissatisfied with traditional grammar, structuralist grammar sets out to describe the current spoken language which people use in communication. For the first time, structuralist grammar provides description of phonological systems which aids the systematic teaching of pronunciation. However, like traditional grammar, the focus of structuralist grammar is still on the grammatical structures of a language.

2) Ideational function

The ideational function is to convey new information, to communicate a content that is unknown to the hearer. Present in all language uses, the ideational function is a potential, because whatever specific use one is making of language he has to refer to categories of his experience of the world. The ideational function mainly consists of “transitivity”and “voice”. The whole of the transitivity system is part of the ideational component, this function, therefore, not only specifies the available options in meaning but also determines the nature of their structural realizations.

2. Multiple choice

1)A 2)B 3)A

3.Word Completion

1)Behaviorism 2) Vilem Mathesius 3) Handbook of American lndian languages 3)Lingnan 5)Relevance 6) linguistic competence 7) performance 8) means universal nature 9)observational

descriptive grammars grammars raw linguistic competence universal human cognitive universal features initial state a child developing a particular grammar

4. True or False Questions

( 1) F

(2 )T