自考英语一词汇
自考英语一词汇
第一部分
一些需要注意的词汇、词组及句型
UNIT 1
disagree with
not only…but also
hundreds of
with the help of
guarantee
neither…nor
be different from
mean to do
succeed in doing sth.
take away
offer sth. to sb. (offer sb. sth.) to
consist of
practice doing
depend on
instead of
look for
make a mistake (make mistakes)
be willing to
information
be interested in sth. (in doing sth.)
in order to
on the other hand (might) do well to do sth.
UNIT 2
be/feel sure of sth. attract attention lead…with…
for the most part
due
persuade sb. to do sth. similar to sth
furniture
clothing
be charged to
available
in addition to
put out
raise/rise
be characteristic of spend on sth./in doing sth. catch the eye
tend to (do sth)
no more than identify…wit h
carry over
as well as
put up with
be responsible for decide on
reach
make an estimate of approve
be involved in doing sth.
UNIT 3 separate…from remain
keep…from doing sth. more exactly
make sb. do sth.
keep tied to
as…as
except for between…and
while
few/a few
keep… in (one’s) mind hung It takes sb. how much time to do sth. light up
dry up
speak of
on an/the average
just like/ just as
little/a little
nothing but
crew
affect
pile up
such+(adj.)+n.+that seem to
UNIT 4
focus o ne’s attention on
recall
a number of/ the number of
at a later time
make sense
in contrast
help sb. do sth.
look up
rhyme
be unable to
make a difference allow sb. to do ability to do both… and
in order
turn on/off random
be released from as follows
be rewarded with needless to say represent
refer to (doing)
to begin relate… to sound alike associate with hold
add to
striking compare with integrated
UNIT 5 primitive
a great deal
be eager to
be true with/of
It was once thought that…
as well
be supposed to…
engage in
grow up
appear to
supply
as if
widespread
search for
substitute for
scarcely
to have sth. (nothing) to do with in some respects
as a matter of fact
connect with
contain
take care of
think of… as
by instinct
It is …that…
gather together
There was no use in doing sth.
UNIT 6
rare
slight
turn aside from
be made of/from
stomachs
change… into…
be satisfied with
be popular with
take place
run out
fail to do
handfuls of
lie in
sort out
one fourth
form
somewhat
blast
be classed as crush
flow
the former…, the latter…coated with
hold good
stick to
live on
leave behind
take in
impressive experienced
suck up
It is well known that…take up
UNIT 7
descend
common
provide for
and so on
in addition
far away from
make decision therefore
share…with
similarity/similarly give up
care for
dependent/independent earn money
be busy doing
split up
in conclusion
get divorced
talk of
UNIT 8
at the beginning of
be forced to do establish protect…from
pick up
rest upon
be capable of
gaze at
display
thorough
cause
have access to
in the meantime follow instruction
pay attention to
at the same time It is time to do risk
pay for
isolate…from…
contact
harm
prevent…from…
lead to
UNIT 9
make up
build up
familiar with
come across
even if
interrupt
process
concern
after all
stock in
trade
intend
belong to
自考英语词汇
1 why should a student of English study English lexicology ? First ,it will help his personal vocabulary and consciously increase their word power . second ,it will give him a deeper understanding of word-meaning and enable him to organize ,classif y and store words more effectively .third, it will gradually raise his awareness of meaning and usages of words ,and enable him to use words more accurat ely and appropriat ely. f ourth, it will improve his skills of using reference books and raise his problem-solving ability and eff iciency of individual study .and at last ,it will improve his receptive and productive skills in language processing as will as language production. 2 How does a students of English study English lexicology? We have two approaches to the study of English words, namely synchronic and diachroni c. From a synchronic point of view, words can be studied at a point in time, regardless of changes whatsoever. From a diachronic point of view, we can consider words historically, looking into their origins and changes in f orm and meaning. These two ways are complementary. As f or the course of English lexicology, there are quite some def initions, principles and explanations that govern the law of English words. We need to be clear about them. Everything has its own special aspects. We should grasp them so that we can closely f ollow its law. So it is also the case with English lexicology 3 Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples. A word is a symbol that stands f or something else in the word. Each of the world’s cultures has come to agree that certain sounds will represent certain persons, things, places, properties, processes and activities arbirtrary, and there is“no logical relationship between the sound which stands f or a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”.a dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. It is only symbolic. The relationship between them is conventional because people of the same speech community have agreed to refers to the animal with this cluster of sound. In dif ferent language the same concept can be represented by diff erent sound. Woman, f or example, becomes “frau”in German, “f emme”in French and “f u nu”in Chinese. On the other hand, the same sound /mi:t/ may be used to mean meet, meat, mete, denoting entirely different thing. Differences of Sound and Form：语音和类型的区别the internal reason f or this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans；the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart；some of the differences were created by the early scribes；f inally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary。 4 Enumerate the major modes of modern vocabulary development. (列举现代英语词汇发展的主要方式) generally speaking, there are three modes of modem English vocabulary development. They are: creation, semantic change and borrowing. 1, creation refers to the f ormation of new words by usin g the existing materials, namely roots, aff ixes, and other elements. 2, semantic change means an old f orm which takes on a new meaning to meet the new word. This does not increase the number of word f orms but create many more new usages of the words, thus enriching the vocabulary. 3, borrowing has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, particularly in earlier times. 5 What are the f undamental f eatures of the core of the English vocabulary? (英 语基本词汇有什么基本特征?) the f oundamental features of the basic word stock are f ollows:1, all national character 2, stability 3, productivity 4, polysemy 5, collocability 6 What is reference? (什么是所指关系?) reference is the relationship between language and the word. “by means of reference, a speaker indicat es which thing in the word (including persons) are being talked about. ”words have meaning only when they have acquired reference. In other words, only when a connection has been est ablished between the linguistic sign and a referent, i.e. an object , a phenomenon, a person, etc. does the sign become ,meaningf ul. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. 7 What is the dif f erence between grammatical meaning and lexical meaning? (语法意义和词汇意义有何区 别？) unlike lexical meaning, different lexical items, which have different lexi cal meaning, may have the same grammatical meaning. On the other hand, the same word may have diff erent grammatical meaning. Functional words, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning whereas content words have both meaning, and lexical meaning in particular. Lexical meaning and grammatical meaning make up the word-meaning. It is known that grammatical meaning surfaces only in use. But lexical meaning is constant in all the content words within or without context as it is related to the word conveys. 8 Associative meaning comprises f our types: connotative, stylistic, aff ective, and collocative.(联想意义包括四种类别：内 涵意义，文体意义，感情意义，搭配意 义) 9 What is the different between the processes of radiation and concatenation? (辐射型和 连锁型有什么区别？) unlike radiation where each of the derived meaning is directly connected to the primary meaning, concatenation describes a process where each of the later meaning is related only to the preceding one like chains. Though the latest sense can be traced back to the original, there is no direct connection in between. 10 Differentiation of homonyms f rom polysemants. (同形同音异义词与多义 词的区别) the f undamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the f ace the f ormer refers to diff erent words which happen to share the same f orm and the latter is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings. One important criterion is to see their etymology, i.e. homonyms are f orm different sources whereas a polysemant is f orm the same source which has acquired different meaning in the course of development. The second principal consideration is semantic relat edness. The various meaning of a polysemant are correlated and connected to one central meaning to a greater or lesser degree. On the other hand, meanings of different homonyms have nothing to do with one another. In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meaning all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate enties. 11 sources of synonyms. (同义词的来源) 1, borrowing 2, dialects and regional English 3, f igurative and euphemistic use of words 4, coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 12 discrimination of synonyms. (同义词 的区别) 1，diff erent in denotation. 2, dif ferent in connotation 3, diff erent in application. 13 type of antonyms. (反义词的类别) 1，contradictory terms 2, contrary terms 3, relative terms 14 some of the characteristics of antonyms. (反义词的一些特点) 1，antonyms are classi f ied on the basis of semantic opposition. 2, a word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym. 3, antonyms diff er in semantic inclusion. 4, contrary terms are gradable antonyms, differing in degree of intensity, so each has its own corresponding opposite. 15 give examples to explain the characteristics of each of the three types of antonymys: contradictiory terms, contrary terms, relative terms. (举例解 释下列三种反义词：1 互为矛盾的反义 词 2 相对反义词 3 表示相互关系的 反义词) contradictiory terms： these antonyms truly represent to each other that they are mutually exclusive and admit no possibility between them. Examples: dead—alive; present—absent; contrary terms: antonyms of the type are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes. f or instance, rich—poor; old—young; relative terms: this type consists of relative opposites such as parent—child; husband—wi f e; 16 What are the causes of semantic charge? (语义变化的原因？) there are many causes of semantic change. The main causes are extra—linguistic f actors and linguistic f actors. In extra—linguistic f actors, there are historical reasons, class reasons, and psychological reasons. In linguistic factors, there are shortening of phrases, inf lux of borrowings and analogy. 17 Types of changes. (词义变化的种类) 1, extension (词义的扩大) 2， narrowing (词义的缩小) 3，elevation (词义的升格) 4，degradation (词义的
(完整版)历年真题2014年10月自考英语(二)试题和标准答案
2014年10月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试卷 （课程代码00015） 本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试卷必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。 3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫M黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 一、阅读判断（第1—10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题纸相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 The Stranger Who Changed My Life It was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi, looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital, I found a man running down the hospital steps, waving at me. I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “The Airport, please,”he said. As always, I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments, he started saying, “How do you like driving a taxi?” “It’s OK” I said. “I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.” “What do you do?” I asked. “I am a doctor at New York Hospital.” Many times during long rides, I’d developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them. This time I decided to ask for his help. “Could I ask a favor of you?” He didn’t answer. “I have a son, 15, a good kid. He wants a job this summer. Is it possible that you get one for him?” He still wasn’t talking, and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally, he said, “Well, my students have a summer research project. Maybe he could join in. Have him send me his school record.” He left his address and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him.
自考英语二词汇表-4500单词
1（in）ability to：（没）有…的能力 （in）capacity to：（没）有…的能力 a/an：art.一个 a great deal：大量，许多 a great many：很多 a variety of：种种；若干不同的 ability：n.能力，能耐 ability to do：做…的能力 able：a.有才能的，能够的 abolish：vt.废除（法律，习惯等）；取消 about：prep.关于 above：prep.在…之上 above all：首先，首要 abroad：ad.到国外；在国外 absent：a.缺席，不在 absolute：a.绝对的，完全的 absolutely：ad.完全地，绝对地；肯定地 abstract：a.抽象的n.摘要，梗概vt.提取；摘录要点 absurd a.荒谬的 absurdity：n.荒谬 abuse：vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱 academic：a.学院的，学会的；学术的 accent：n.重音；口音 acceptable：a.可以接受的 access：n.通道，入口；接近（或进入）的机会 accessible：a.易接近的；易受影响的（to）；可理解的 accident：n.意外；偶然事故 accompany：vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随，一起发生；伴奏 accomplish：vt.完成（任务等） accomplishment：n.完成；成就；[pl.]造诣，技能 accordance：n.一致，和谐；符合 according：ad.（与to构成介词）按照，根据 accordingly：ad.相应地 according to：根据… account：n.叙述，说明；帐户vi.说明（原因等） accountability：n.有解释义务；负有责任 accumulate vt.积累，积聚 accuracy：n.准确（性），精确（性） accurate：a.准确的，精确的 accurately：ad.准确的，精确地 ache：vi/n.疼痛 achieve：vt.完成 achievement：n.完成，达到；成就，成绩 achive：vt.完成，实现，达到，得到 acid：n.酸，酸性物质 a.酸的 acknowledge：vt.承认；表示感谢 acquaintance：n.认识，了解；相识的人， 熟人 acquire：vt.获得，得到 acronym：n.首字母缩略词 across：ad.交叉，横过 act：n. 行为，举动 act as：（林市）担任，充当，起…作用 act on：遵照…行为，奉行；作用于，影 响 act out：将…表演出来，（用行动）表示 出来 action：n.行动；作用（on） activate：vt.使活动，使起作用 active：a.活动的；活跃的 activity：n.活动，活跃；行动 actor：n.男演员 actual：a.实际的；真实的 AD：（或A.D.）（=Anno Domini）[拉]公 adapt：vt.使适应，使适合；改编vi.适应 （to） adapt……to：使…适应… add：v.增加 add up to：总和是，[口]总起来意味着 addition：n.加，加法；附加物 additional：a.附加的，追加的；另外的 address：n.地址，住址 adequate：a.充足的，充分的；胜任的 adjective：n.形容词 adjust：vt.调整，调节；校准 adjustment：n.调整 administration：n.管理，经营；行政，行 政机关 admire：vt.钦佩，赞美，赞赏 admit：vt.承认，供认；准许…进入，准 许…加入 admission：承认，供认；准许进入，准 许加入 adolescent：n.青少年a.青春期的；青少 年的 adopt：vt.采取，采用；正式通过；收养 advance：vi.前进，取得进展n.前进，进 展；预付 advanced：a.高等的 advantage：n.优点，优越；好处 advantageous：a.有利的，有助的 adventure：n.冒险，奇遇 adversely：ad.相反地；不利地，有害地 advertise：vt./vi.为…做广告；登广告 advertisement：n.（简写为ad）广告 advice：n.劝告 advise：vt.忠告，劝告 affair：n.事情，事件 affect：vt.影响，打动） afflict：vt.使苦恼，折磨 afraid：a.害怕的 Africa：n.非洲 African：n.非洲的 after：prep.在…后 after all：毕竟；终究 afternoon：n.下午 afterward：ad.然后 again：ad.又 against：prep.反抗 age：n.年龄 aged：a.年老的，老的 agent：n.代理人，代理商；起作用的人或 物 aggression：n.侵犯，侵略 aggressive：a.侵略的，好斗的；有进取心 的 aggressiveness：n.侵犯，侵略；进取精神 ago：ad.以前d agree：vi.同意 agreement：n.同意 agricultural：a.农业的 2 ahead：在…前 ahead of：在…前 aid：vt.帮助 aim：n.目标 aim for：瞄准；以…为目标 air：n.空气 airplane：n.飞机 Alabama：阿拉巴马（美国州名） alarm：n.警报；惊恐vt.向…报警；打扰 alarming：a.惊人的，吓人的 文案大全
2019年自考英语二历年试题(真题)及答案
2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.
自考英语(二)单词表全集
自考“英语二”大纲单词表1 organizational [`3：g4nai'zei54nl] a.组织（上）的goal [g4ul] n.1.目的，目标；2.得分进球，球门 objective [3b'd9ektiv] n.目标，目的；a.1.客观的，真实的；2.如实的，无偏见的 accomplish [4'k8mpli5] vt.完成（任务等） predict [pri'dikt] vt./vi.预言；预示 accompany [4'k8mp4ni] vt.1.伴随，陪同；2.为……伴奏 implement ['implim4nt] vt.实现；完成（任务等）；履行（协定、诺言等） constraint [k4n'streint] n.1.强制；2.强制因素，制约条件 precedent ['presid4nt] n.先例，前例 simplify ['simplifai] vt.简化 tendency ['tend4nsi] n.趋势，倾向 managerial [`m1n4'd9i4ri4l] a.1.经理的，管理人的；2.管理上的，经营上的 maker ['meik4] n.制造者；制造商 achievement [4't5i：vm4nt] n.1.完成，达到； 2.成就，成绩 attain [4'tein] vt.达到；完成 optimal ['3ptim4l] a.最适宜的；最理想的 suboptimization [s8b`3ptimai'zei54n] n.局部最优化（指使整体目标中的某个选定目标圆满实现） trade-off ['treid 3f] n.1.（对不能同时兼顾的因素）权衡；2.物物交换 argue ['2：gju：] vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；vt.1.说服；2.用辩论证明 budget ['b8d9it] n.预算；vt.1.把……编入预算； 2.安排，预定 scheme [ski：m] n.计划；方案；vt./vi.计划，策划 define [di'fain] vt.1.解释，给……下定义；2.限定，规定 multiple ['m8ltipl] a.多样的，复合的；n.倍数 profitability [`pr3fit4'biliti] n.赚钱，获利 correctness [k4'rektnis] n.正确，正确性 unintended ['8nin'tendid] a.非计划中的，非故意的ongoing ['3n'g4ui6] a.进行中的，前进的 entity ['entiti] n.1.存在，实体；2.统一性 skilled [skild] a.熟练的；有技能的 in the way 挡路；碍事 make a guess at 猜测 and the like 等等，诸如此类 seek to 追求，争取 in part 部分地，在某种程度上 point of view 观点 interview ['int4vju：] vt./n.1.面谈，采访；2.面试，口试 criticism ['kritisiz4m] n.批评；评论 candidate ['k1ndideit] n.1.候选人，候补者；2.应试者vague [veig] a.含糊的；不明确的 notion ['n4u54n] 1. 概念；2.想法，看法 prospect ['pr3spek n.1.展望，景象；2.[常pl.]前景，前程 community [k4'mju：niti] n.社区；共同体 unattractive [`8n4'tr1ktiv] a.无吸引力的；不引人注意的 indifference [in'difr4ns] n.冷漠；不感兴趣（to）interviewer ['int4vju：4] n.接见者；面谈者 personality [`p4：s4'n1liti] n.个性；人格；品格prospective [pr4s'pektiv] a.预期的；未来的 speechless ['spi：t5lis] a.1.不会说话的；2.不说话的clarification [`kl1rifi'kei54n] n.澄清，阐明 correspondence [`k3ris'p3nd4ns] n.1.符合，一致；2.通信 photocopy ['f4ut4u`k3pi] vt./n.1.复印，影印； 2.照相复制本 resume ['rezju：mei]] n.1.摘要，梗概；2.个人简历inefficiency [`ini'fi54nsi] n.无效；效能差 neat [ni：t] a.整洁的；简洁的；整齐的 conservative [k4n's4：v4tiv] a.1.保存的，防腐的；2.保守的，守旧的 punk [p86k] n.1.（俚）阿飞；2.朋克（70年代以来英国、美国的年轻人中的颓废派）；a.颓废派的 miniskirt ['minisk4：t] n.超短裙 panel ['p1nl] n.专门小组 intimidate [in'timideit] vt.恐吓，恫吓 clutch [kl8t5] vt./vi.抓住，握紧 grip [grip] vt./n.1.紧握，紧夹；2.掌握，控制 painful ['peinful] a.1.痛苦的；2.费力 自考“英语二”大纲单词表2 rephrase ['ri'freiz] vt.重新措辞，改用别的话表示apply for 申请 day to day （=day-to-day）work 日常工作 take the trouble to 不辞劳苦，费力 put oneself in somebody's place 设身处地
自考英语(二)自学教程(2012版)单词完美版.1
英语（二）大纲词汇abandon[??b?nd?n]vt. 放弃，抛弃ability[??b?l?ti] n. 能力，资格 able[?e?bl] adj. 能够的；有能力的 abnormal[?b?n?:ml] adj. 反常的 aboard[??b?:d] prep. 上（船、飞机、车） abolish[??b?l??] vt. 废除，废止 about[??ba?t] prep. 关于；大约; 在…周围 above[??b?v] prep. 超过；在…之上 abroad[??br?:d] adv. 到国外，在海外 abrupt[??br?pt] adj. 突然的，意外的 absence[??bs?ns] n. 缺席，缺勤 absent[??bs?nt] adj. 缺席的，不在场的 absolute[??bs?lu:t] adj. 绝对的，完全的 absorb[?b?s?:b] vt. 吸收 abstract[??bstr?kt] vt. 提取，分离 abundant[??b?nd?nt] adj. 大量的 abuse[??bju:s] n. 滥用 academic[??k??dem?k] adj.学理上的 accelerate[?k?sel?re?t] vt.增速；加速 accent[??ks?nt] n. 重音；口音 accept[?k?sept] vt. 接受
acceptable[?k?sept?bl] adj. 可接受的access[??kses] vt. 接近，进入 accessible [?k?ses?bl] adj. 易接近的accident[??ks?d?nt]n. 意外事件；事故accidental[??ks??dentl] adj.意外的accommodation[??k?m??de??n] n. 住处accompany[??k?mp?ni] vt. 陪伴，陪同accomplish[??k?mpl??] vt. 完成；达到（目的）accordance[??k?:d?ns] n. 一致 account[??ka?nt] vt. 认为；把…视作accountant[??ka?nt?nt] n. 会计人员accumulate[??kju:mj?le?t] vt.& vi. 积累accuracy[??kj?r?si] n. 精确（性），准确（性）accurate[??kj?r?t]adj. 精确的 accuse[??kju:z] v. 指责 accustomed[??k?st?md] adj. 习惯的 ache[e?k] n. 疼痛
高等教育自学考试英语 真题
2016年10月高等教育自学考试英语（二）真题 第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Being ”Cool” in Middle School A new study shows that gentle and quiet kids in middle school will grow up to rule. Or, they’ll live healthier and more productive lives than the “cool” kids will. The study looked at 13-year-olds who acted old for their age by having “cool”behavior, such as early romantic relationships. They were seen as “cool” and popular kids. But as they grew up, things changed. The study found that these kids tended to have problems with drugs and relationships by their 20s. Their behavior was no longer linked with popularity. Instead, they were thought to be less socially skilled by their peers. Besides, the average “cool”kids, by age 22, did more poorly than the average kids in the study. They had a 45 percent greater rate of problems due to drugs and alcohol. They also had a 22 percent greater rate of criminal behavior. The study also found that these kids failed to develop important life skills. They spent so much time trying to seem cool. They didn’t