考研英语(一)小作文高分秘籍

考研英语(一)小作文高分秘籍
考研英语(一)小作文高分秘籍

考研英语(一)小作文高分秘籍

?题目

虽然大纲规定小作文包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、通知、报告等,但备忘录和报告从来未曾考过,除了两次通知(2006年与2016年)以外,其余所有年份皆为信件。细心观察可以发现,甚至那两年的通知也有着一颗“信件心”——募捐通知其实相当于邀请+招募;给新生通知无非就是介绍+建议。

因此信件的写法应成为我们复习的重中之重。其中,推荐和建议又是考研的常客,值得格外重视。

归纳起来,小作文可能的考查形式有:申请信、求职信、拒绝信、邀请信、录取/录用通知、感谢信、道歉信、回复信、投诉信、订购信、慰问信、推荐信、建议信、咨询信、介绍信、解释信、祝贺信、通知、备忘录等。

?审题

小作文体裁固定,题目却是多种多样。因此为了避免跑题,审题时应着重把握关键词。以下是申请信、求职信、拒绝信、邀请信、感谢信、道歉信、回复信、投诉信、订购信、慰问信、推荐信、建议信、咨询信、介绍信、祝贺信、告示、备忘录等的关键词汇总。

格式

应用文在长期发展过程中逐渐形成了许多约定俗成的惯例,甚至

各种固定的句式和缩写。比如,“随信附上”应写为“Enclosed please find xx/Attached please find xx”等。

1.信件框架

·信头

·引言——2句……表明身份/立场—表明来意

·主体——3句……主题句—分论点1,2,3

·结尾——2句……总结句—套话

·信尾

信头左顶格,通常是“Dear/Esteemed XX”,其后接逗号(不同于汉语的冒号)。称谓可以是头衔(如editor,manager),名(如Tom,Michael),或Mr./Ms./Miss/Mrs.+姓(如Mr.Wang,Mrs.Clinton)。对象不明时,可用尊称(Sir or Madam)或泛指(To Whom It May Concern)。

信尾左/右顶格分两行,第一行为客套话,第二行为签名。客套话可用Yous sincerely/faithfully(后跟逗号)。签名位于客套话下方,需使用题目中给出的名字(切不可写真实名字)。

2.备忘录框架

To:收阅人

From:写信人

Date:写信时间

Subject:写信主题

·引言——2句……交代背景—表明事由

·主体——3句……主题句—交代任务1,2,3

·结尾——2句……任务要点—完成期限

抬头四行左顶格,缺一不可。其中subject可用省略句表达。由于抬头已经说明写信人与收阅人,故备忘录不需要写落款。

3.通知(告示)框架

·题目

·引言——2句……交代背景—表明事由

·主体——4句……主题句—分论点1,2,3

·结尾——2句……联系方式—套话

·时间落款

通知(告示)需要写题目,位于第一行正中间。常用的万能标题为“NO-TICE”,可把每个字母都大写。落款一般由时间与单位构成:时间位于左下角,单位名称位于右下角。告示还包括LOST(寻物启事),FOUND(失物招领),CONTRIBUTIONS(征稿/募捐),WANTED(招募),ACKNOWLEDGEMENT(鸣谢),CORRECTION(更正)等等;

4.报告框架

·题目居中

·作者姓名与单位

·引言——2句……交代任务—工作内容

·主体——4句……主题句—分论点1,2,3

·结尾——2句……主题句—结论

报告需要写题目,一般可采用“On XX”或“A Report on XX”。第

二行要靠右写明作者单位与姓名,如“Li Ming of Graduate School”。

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