关于恐龙的小资料

恐龙

恐龙是距今1亿3千万年前地球上爬行动物的总称。它们的种类很多，身体大小、形状、生活习性各不相同，陆地、海洋、空中都是恐龙类爬行动物的活动场所。大的如中国四川省合川县发现的合川马门溪龙，全身长22米，体高3.5米，

体重40,50吨。平时在水深5,10米的湖泊中生活，利用水的浮力浮起笨重的身

体，以水中的藻类为食物。小的鹦鹉龙整个身体只有一只小狗大。有的能在空中飞翔，像长尾的喙嘴龙，有尖利的牙齿和长长的尾巴。尾巴末端有一块像苍蝇拍形状的膜，飞翔的工具是翼膜。有的是海中的霸王，如喜马拉雅鱼龙，食肉善游，上下颌特别长，形成长吻，口内有牙齿，外貌很像今天的海豚。有的是陆上的武士，如剑龙，身长6米，头小，背部高拱，有两排三角形的骨板竖立着，尾尖处有骨刺，是御敌的武器。到了1亿3千万年前左右，由于强烈的地壳运动所引起的地形、气候的变化，称霸一时的恐龙在地球上就完全灭绝了。恐龙灭亡的原因至今没有定论，但应看到原因是多方面的、复杂的，是当时外界环境的改变与恐龙内在因素相互作用影响的结果。

of two aspects: one is on the bus to help. ... 5.1-7 Park and ride systems 5.1.5 typical case Hong Kong-Japan Sapporo, Sapporo is a Japan Hokkaido central parts of cities, Japan's fifth largest city. Area of 1121km2 in the city, a population of 1.921 million. In addition is the administrative center of Hokkaido, Sapporo is Hokkaido's industrial and commercial center, in 1972, hosted the 11th Winter Olympic Games. 3 JR Sapporo rail transit line 3 metro and 3 tram lines, Sapporo in the urban development process combined with Center of construction of subway construction and residential development, and support the development of the region. Prior to 1971, Sapporo, Japan Hokkaido local Centre in the urban development process, in response to the rapid growth of the city centre traffic demand, building trams. 1981 years ago for holding the winter Olympic Games as an opportunity to start building connected to the venue and the city centre

恐龙的种类

恐龙的种类很多，科学家们根据它们骨胳化石的形状，把它们分成两大类，一

类叫做鸟龙类，一类叫做蜥龙类。根据它们的牙齿化石，还可以推断出是食肉类还是食草类。这只是大概的分类，根据恐龙骨胳化石的复原情况，我们发现，其实恐龙不仅种类很多，它们的形状更是无奇不有。这些恐龙有在天上飞的，有在水里游的，有在陆上爬的。下面我们就来大概认识一下它们吧。

翼手龙生活在白垩纪，它们的骨胳在欧洲被发现。翼手龙并不是很大，它的翅

膀不过22厘米左右。但是风神翼龙的翅膀却长达12米，像公共汽车那么大。美development in order to protect a host of attractions and historical sites, as well as to maintain the economic vitality of the downtown area. Figure 5.1-5 figure 5.1.4 Washington mass transit network to support implementation of effective transport demand management policies to reduce urban traffic congestion and public transport priority was in the early 1960 of the 20th century by the planners first proposed in Paris, France, and in Europe and other major cities to operate has been the formation of the rich content system. Public transport priority consists of two aspects: one is on the bus to help. ... 5.1-7 Park and ride systems 5.1.5 typical case Hong Kong-Japan Sapporo, Sapporo is a Japan Hokkaido central parts of cities, Japan's fifth largest city. Area of 1121km2 in the city, a population of 1.921 million. In addition is the administrative center of Hokkaido, Sapporo is Hokkaido's industrial and commercial center, in 1972, hosted the 11th Winter Olympic Games. 3 JR Sapporo rail transit line 3 metro and 3 tram lines, Sapporo in the urban development process combined with Center of construction of subway construction and residential development, and support the development of

the region. Prior to 1971, Sapporo, Japan Hokkaido local Centre in the urban development process, in response to the rapid growth of the city centre traffic demand, building trams. 1981 years ago for holding the winter Olympic Games as an opportunity to start building connected to the venue and the city centre

国科学家曾经发现过一种翼龙，它的翅膀长达15米以上，如果我们今天能看到它，说不定会以为是飞机在天上飞呢。很多会飞的鸟龙都有些像今天的蝙蝠，它们好像用一双手撑起巨大的翅膀，于是，又有翅膀又有利爪成了它们的一大特点。有人认为，后来的鸟类就是由它们演化来的。

在恐龙统治陆地的时候，海洋也同样被一些巨大的爬行动物占领着。它们与陆地上的恐龙和空中的翼龙是近亲，也用肺呼吸空气，一般也产卵。它们是海洋中的霸主，有些长着锋利的牙齿，为的是捕食其他鱼类。这些爬行动物多多少少长得有些像今天的鱼类，有人就认为它们是鱼变的，也有人认为今天的鱼是它们变的。这些海中巨怪也有不少种类，像我们今天有的鳗、龟、蛇、鳄等等，过去也都有相似的种类。如鳗龙，如蛇颈龙等等。薄板龙是最长的蛇颈龙，全长可达15米。它的脖子大约为躯干的两倍。

鳗龙是蛇颈龙的一种，在日本发现过它们的化石，经测量，它们的身长约7、8米。而且它们有锋利的牙齿。科学家们在发掘原角龙巢穴的时候意外地发现了一具小型恐龙化石。它跑到原角龙的巢里去做什么,经过研究，原来它是一个专门偷吃恐龙蛋的小坏蛋。development in order to protect a host of attractions and historical sites, as well as to maintain the economic vitality of the downtown area. Figure 5.1-5 figure 5.1.4 Washington mass transit network to support implementation of effective transport demand management policies to reduce urban traffic congestion and public

transport priority was in the early 1960 of the 20th century by the planners first proposed in Paris, France, and in Europe and other major cities to operate has been the formation of the rich content system. Public transport priority consists of two aspects: one is on the bus to help. ... 5.1-7 Park and ride systems 5.1.5 typical case Hong Kong-Japan Sapporo, Sapporo is a Japan Hokkaido central parts of cities, Japan's fifth largest city. Area of 1121km2 in the city, a population of 1.921 million. In addition is the administrative center of Hokkaido, Sapporo

is Hokkaido's industrial and commercial center, in 1972, hosted the 11th Winter Olympic Games. 3 JR Sapporo rail transit line 3 metro and 3 tram lines, Sapporo in the urban development process combined with Center of construction of subway construction and residential development, and support the development of the region. Prior to 1971, Sapporo, Japan Hokkaido local Centre in the urban development process, in response to the rapid growth of the city centre traffic demand, building trams. 1981 years ago for holding the winter Olympic Games as an opportunity to

start building connected to the venue and the city centre 它的嘴里没有牙齿有一根尖刺那就是它用来刺破并吸取蛋汁用的工具。

陆地上的恐龙是我们最熟悉的了，这也许是因为它们的骨胳化石更容易被保留下来的缘故。现在发现的这类恐龙很多，有兽龙类，如异齿龙;剑龙类，如剑龙;甲龙类，如森林龙;角龙类，如三角龙;雷龙类，如雷龙等等。

异特龙是是一种凶猛可怕的食肉恐龙，它的一张大嘴可以一下子吞下一头小猪。它的牙齿全都向里弯曲，猎物被它咬住就休想逃出来。

原角龙生蛋时往往是几只雌龙共用一个窝，大家轮流一圈一圈地产蛋。看来它们很讲团结呢。

三角龙是角龙的一种。它的鼻子上有一只角，像犀牛，眼睛上有两只角，又像牛。这三只角都有1米长，是它们打架的有力武器。

栉龙的头上长着一个引人注目的管子，里边有细细的通道。空气经过时就会发出低沉的声音，可以用来吓跑敌人。也有人认为，那是它们在潜水时用来通气用的，究竟是做什么用的，目前还没有定论。 development in order to protect a host of attractions and historical sites, as well as to maintain the economic vitality of the downtown area. Figure 5.1-5 figure 5.1.4 Washington mass transit network to support implementation of effective transport demand management policies to reduce urban traffic congestion and public transport priority was in the early 1960 of the 20th century by the planners first proposed in Paris, France, and in Europe and other major cities to operate has been the formation of the rich content system. Public transport priority consists of two aspects: one is on the bus to help. ... 5.1-7 Park and ride systems 5.1.5 typical case Hong Kong-Japan Sapporo, Sapporo is a Japan Hokkaido central parts of cities, Japan's fifth largest city. Area of 1121km2 in the city, a population of 1.921 million. In addition is the administrative center of Hokkaido, Sapporo is Hokkaido's industrial and commercial center, in 1972, hosted the 11th Winter Olympic Games. 3 JR Sapporo rail transit line 3 metro and 3 tram lines, Sapporo in the urban development process combined with Center of construction of subway construction and residential development, and support the development of the region. Prior to 1971,

Sapporo, Japan Hokkaido local Centre in the urban development process,

in response to the rapid growth of the city centre traffic demand, building trams. 1981 years ago for holding the winter Olympic Games as

an opportunity to start building connected to the venue and the city centre

雷龙是恐龙中最大的一种，有的身长达30米以上，有6层楼那么高。它们都

是食草或树叶的动物。我们在博物馆见到的一些恐龙化石，大多就是这种恐龙。

恐龙的身体有什么特点,

爬行动物的生长过程很特殊，它们的身体一直到死都在不断生长，即它们的寿

命越长身体就越大。此外，动物的生长还与位于它们脑下方的“脑下垂体”所分泌出的激素有关，经研究表明恐龙的脑下垂体非常大。

在恐龙生活的时代，地球上的气候适宜，植物繁茂，因此植食性恐龙能够获得

足够的食物，这对捕食植食性恐龙的肉食性恐龙来说也是相当有利的。

还有，动物的身体越大，就越容易使体温保持恒定。气温下降时恐龙的体温也

随之下降，造成行动的比自由。而增加身体的体积，就能在一定程度上弥补这种生理缺陷，对生存有利。

恐龙是脑往往比人脑要大得多，但是它们的脑在整个身体中所占的比例却远远

小于人类，尤其是用于思考的大脑。大脑在人脑中占了大部分，但恐龙的大development in order to protect a host of attractions and historical sites, as well as to maintain the economic vitality of the downtown area. Figure 5.1-5 figure 5.1.4 Washington mass transit network to support implementation of effective transport demand management policies to reduce urban traffic congestion and public transport priority was in the early 1960 of the 20th century by the planners first proposed in Paris,

France, and in Europe and other major cities to operate has been the formation of the rich content system. Public transport priority consists of two aspects: one is on the bus to help. ... 5.1-7 Park and ride systems 5.1.5 typical case Hong Kong-Japan Sapporo, Sapporo is a Japan Hokkaido central parts of cities, Japan's fifth largest city. Area of 1121km2 in the city, a population of 1.921 million. In addition is the administrative center of Hokkaido, Sapporo is Hokkaido's industrial and commercial center, in 1972, hosted the 11th Winter Olympic Games. 3 JR Sapporo rail transit line 3 metro and 3 tram lines, Sapporo in the urban development process combined with Center of construction of subway construction and residential development, and support the development of the region. Prior to 1971, Sapporo, Japan Hokkaido local Centre in the urban development process, in response to the rapid growth of the city centre traffic demand, building trams. 1981 years ago for holding the winter Olympic Games as an opportunity to start building connected to the venue and the city centre

脑还处于不发达状态，而且大脑在恐龙中所占的比例也小。在恐龙中，脑对于身体的比重最大的是锯齿龙类，但也不过也现在的鸵鸟差不多大。

恐龙的腿有什么特点,

不同的恐龙有不同的腿，有长而细的，有大而粗的，有前腿短后腿长的，有前后腿一样长的。细长的像鸟似的恐龙，如似鸡龙，有长长的大腿和小腿骨，大腿肌肉发达，强健有力。踝骨和脚骨长而细。这种恐龙可能每小时能跑65千米。晰脚类恐龙的腿特别，比如圆顶龙，腿骨大而粗，伸展开的脚形成一个大爪垫，支撑恐龙笨重的身躯，晰脚类恐龙有四条脚沉稳缓慢的行走，而似鸡龙则用两条

细长的后腿奔跑。

现在的绝大部分动物都会游泳，因此可以推测恐龙肯定也会游泳。在遇到被敌

人追赶、体温过高或移动的途中被河流拦住去路等情况时，恐龙大概就会跳进水中。

development in order to protect a host of attractions and historical sites, as well as to maintain the economic vitality of the downtown area. Figure 5.1-5 figure 5.1.4 Washington mass transit network to support implementation of effective transport demand management policies to reduce urban traffic congestion and public transport priority was in the early 1960 of the 20th century by the planners first proposed in Paris, France, and in Europe and other major cities to operate has been the formation of the rich content system. Public transport priority consists of two aspects: one is on the bus to help. ... 5.1-7 Park and ride systems 5.1.5 typical case Hong Kong-Japan Sapporo, Sapporo is a Japan Hokkaido central parts of cities, Japan's fifth largest city. Area of 1121km2 in the city, a population of 1.921 million. In addition is the administrative center of Hokkaido, Sapporo is Hokkaido's industrial and commercial center, in 1972, hosted the 11th Winter Olympic Games. 3 JR Sapporo rail transit line 3 metro and 3 tram lines, Sapporo in the urban development process combined with Center of construction of subway construction and residential development, and support the development of the region. Prior to 1971, Sapporo, Japan Hokkaido local Centre in the urban development process, in response to the rapid growth of the city centre traffic demand, building trams. 1981 years ago for holding the

winter Olympic Games as an opportunity to start building connected to the venue and the city centre

人们曾发现过这样的足迹化石，它们看上去好象是恐龙在脚能够勉强着底的水中半行走、半游泳时留下的。但有的学者则认为这是恐龙在陆地上行走时，因只用脚尖支撑体重而留下的痕迹。

恐龙以什么做食物,

我们知道不同的恐龙有不同的生活方式。体形小的食肉恐龙可能捕食细小的动物，也有些恐龙的主要事物比较特殊，例如专门吃鱼类。还有一种恐龙，脑袋和眼睛都很大，专门以当时的哺乳动物为食。吃植物的恐龙种类很多，外形也有差异，食物也各有不同，其中包括树叶、灌木、坚韧的蕨类植物，但是不包括草，因为草植物的恐龙能咀嚼食物，其他的则会把食物囫囵吞下。这种恐龙会把石子吞入胃里，利用石子在胃里碾碎食物。

恐龙的习性

很多人以为恐龙全是可怕的肉食性动物。其实，许多恐龙是温和的草食性动物，只穿梭在树丛间，撕扯树梢的叶子吃。还有些恐龙和人类一样，属于吃肉也吃植物的杂食性动物。至于肉食性恐龙不只吃恐龙，任何能动的东西，如昆虫和鸟类，都是它们的捕猎对development in order to protect a host of

Public transport priority consists of two aspects: one is on the bus to help. ... 5.1-7 Park and ride systems 5.1.5 typical case Hong Kong-Japan Sapporo, Sapporo is a Japan Hokkaido central parts of cities, Japan's fifth largest city. Area of 1121km2 in the city, a population of 1.921 million. In addition is the administrative center of Hokkaido, Sapporo

start building connected to the venue and the city centre 象。从恐龙化石遗骸，我们可以得知许多恐龙生前的食性。其中最重要的线索，来自恐龙下颚骨及牙齿的形状和排列。此外，整副恐龙骨架的形状也能提供一些线索，如肉食性恐龙通常具有大的头部、短而有力的颈子，以便把猎物的肉撕扯下来吃。而大多数草食性恐龙则具有长长的颈子，以方便它们取食树梢叶片。

你能想像体型庞大的恐龙在婴儿、少年和成年期各是什么模样吗,由新近的一

些发现，专家们已经能够点点滴滴地拼凑出恐龙幼年期生活实况。现在我们知道，恐龙妈妈是在地表凹洞里生下恐龙蛋的。在有些恐龙蛋化石里，甚至还找到尚未破壳而出的小恐龙化石。人们也曾在一群鸭嘴龙巢穴里发现小恐龙骨架，它们牙齿已有磨损痕迹，可见恐龙妈妈会带食物回来喂巢里的恐龙宝宝。小恐龙成长速度可能很快;而且有些恐龙身体各部分的比例会随着成长而改变，例如角龙亚目的恐龙。

另外，当成群蜥脚亚目恐龙一起行动时，为了保护幼儿会把小恐龙包围在队伍中间由陆续发现的恐龙蛋化石可以证实:恐龙和现代爬行动物及鸟类一样，也会生下带硬壳的蛋。某些蛋化石里甚至发现了未孵化的小恐龙骨架～有时在发现恐龙蛋的巢穴附近，发现了大恐龙的遗骸。由此可见，小恐龙和小鸟一样，会本能地待在巢里，无论它们的父母发development in order to protect a host of

attractions and historical sites, as well as to maintain the economic vitality of the downtown area. Figure 5.1-5 figure 5.1.4 Washington mass transit network to support implementation of effective transport demand management policies to reduce urban traffic congestion and public transport priority was in the early 1960 of the 20th century by the planners first proposed in Paris, France, and in Europe and other major cities to operate has been the formation of the rich content system. Public transport priority consists of two aspects: one is on the bus to help. ... 5.1-7 Park and ride systems 5.1.5 typical case Hong Kong-Japan Sapporo, Sapporo is a Japan Hokkaido central parts of cities, Japan's fifth largest city. Area of 1121km2 in the city, a population of 1.921 million. In addition is the administrative center of Hokkaido, Sapporo

years ago for holding the winter Olympic Games as an opportunity to

start building connected to the venue and the city centre 生什么事都不离开。有些恐龙的巢互相靠得很近，专

家因此推测恐龙可能有群居习惯。令人惊讶的是，恐

龙蛋并不像想像的那么大。如果恐龙蛋大小和恐龙体

型成正比的话，那么蛋壳将会厚得让小恐龙无法孵化;

而且也不可能让足够的氧气进入蛋内，供给小恐龙呼

吸。

construction and residential development, and support the development of the region. Prior to 1971, Sapporo, Japan Hokkaido local Centre in the urban development process, in response to the rapid growth of the city centre traffic demand, building trams. 1981 years ago for holding the winter Olympic Games as an opportunity to start building connected to the venue and the city centre