2011卫生类职称英语教材阅读理解新增文章

2011年卫生类教材阅读理解题新增文章：

第三篇

Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor

The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes w hile men are more likely to develop the dise ase from smoking，said medical experts after a five-year research study.

Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lu ng cancer.They said patients are younger，es pecially women.

According to the Shanghai Tumor resea rch Institute，more local residents die of lun g cancer in the city than anything else.Follo wing breast cancer，it has the second-highest incidence rate.

“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very import ant reason for lung cancer，”said Dr He Yu

min from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chi nese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatme nt Center.

He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients f or five years.Among them，1,483 were male.

Smoking causes 70 percent of cases amo ng men while only 18 percent of female pati ents developed cancer from smoking or inhal ing second-hand smoke，according to the rep ort.

However，more than 60 percent of wome n with the disease had long term，close cont act with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about l irritated eyes and throat.

About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and ab out 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were a djacent to2 the kitchen.

However，local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cance

r.Some claimed they may change food prepa ration methods.

“Unless my family and I don’t eat at h ome every day，I must stay in the kitchen t o cook，”said Xu Li.a 45-year-old local woma n.“I know the fumes are bad for the skin，b ut it is the first time I heard that it can res ult in lung cancer.I have already started fryi ng less.’’

Doctors said women’s lung cancer had f ew links to personal health and physical con dition，but was closely related to family canc er history，unhealthy dietary habits and wea k immune systems.

Other experts agreed with He.3

“Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 o f lung cancer for men，”said Dr Tan Binyon g，honorary president of the Respiratory Dis ease Institute at F udan University’s Medical College.“It’s true that second-hand smoke an

d cooking fumes ar

e the main causes among women.”

He’s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.

The chance of catching lung cancer is t hree times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time，6 experts said.

词汇：

fume n.烟，气，汽fry v.油炸，油煎

tumor(=tumour)n.肿瘤unventilated vt.使不通风

cancern.癌瘤adjacent adj.临近的

breast/brest/n.****，胸dietary adj饮食的

incidence n.发生(率) immune adj 免疫的

diagnosis n.诊断honorary adj.名誉上的;荣誉的

inhale v.吸人respiratory adj.呼吸的

irritate vt.使疼痛，刺激stall n.货摊

注释：

https://www.360docs.net/doc/301642048.html,plain原意是“抱怨，诉苦”，但医学上常用complain about或complain of表示“主诉"。

2.aajacent to：与……相毗邻，临近……(地方)

3.Other experts agreed with He.其他专家同意何医生的意见。agree with sb：同意某人的意见。agree with sth：同意什么东西。agree to do sth：同意做什么事情。

4.by far the biggest cause：最最大的原因。by far是用来做形容词最高级the biggest 的状语，对形容词最高级起强调作用。本来形容词最高级就已经是最高了，可是说话的人还要对它再强调出来，所以就相当汉语的“最最……"的意思。

5.…warned people not to stand ne ar of stalls selling…：警告人们不要站在卖……的货摊附近。也可以说成“...warned people off stall s selling.…”。

6.…if exposed to the fume for a long ti me...…·如果长时间接触这种烟的话。expose sb. to sth.原意是“使……(人)暴露于……(物)”，但医学文献中常常用来表达“接触到……(物)”的意思。此处if引导的条件状语从句相当于“if one is exposed to the fume for a long time”。

练习：

1.What a new tendency in lung cancer i s concluded by the researchers?

A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.

B Women are more likely to develop lu ng cancer than men.

C Patients with lung cancer become old er，especially males.

D Patients with lung cancer become you nger，especially females.

2.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in S hanghai?

A Heart disease.

B Breast cancer.

C Infectious diseases.

D Lung cancer.

3.What symptoms may be complmned of by most women with lung cancer after long term.close

contact with cooking oil fumes?

A Irritated eyes and throat.

B Severe p ain in both lungs.

C Continuous cough and headache.

D Dif ficulty in breathing.

4.What was the local women’s reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes co uld lead to cancer?

A Happy.

B Surprised.

C Angry.

D Careless.

5.Which of the following has relatively li ttle connection with women’s lung cancer?

A Family cancer history.

B Unhealthy d ietary habits.

C Weak immune systems.

D Personal he alth and physical condition.

答案与题解：

1.D 文章第二段明确提到，肺癌的新趋势就是“病人更年轻，尤其是妇女”。

2.B文章第三段说到，“肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，发病率第二高”，可见乳腺癌才是最常见的疾病。

3.A文章第七段说到，“60%以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受”。

4.B 文章倒数第七段明确说到，“当妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶"。

5.D 回答此题时，首先要注意倒数第五段中的两处文字，即had few links to…和was clos ely related to…，其中link to意为connection with，而relate to则意为connect with，都是“联系”的意思，只是few和closely的差别却很大。few和little一样，都是具有否定意义的词，意为“很少，几乎没有"，只是后面的名词分别为可数名词和不可数名词而已;它们与a few和a litt le不同，a few和a little具有肯定意义，意为“有几个”和“有一点”，后面的名词同样分别为可数名词和不可数名词。如果这一点明白了，也就很容易回答这道题了

第十八篇

Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Dia

betics

Most older people with so-called typeⅡd iabetes could stop taking insulin if they woul d do brisk exercise for 30 minutes iust three

times a week，according to new medical res earch results reported in the Copenhagen ne wspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday.

Results from tests conducted on diabetic s at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigsho spitalet’s Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body’s ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent，the newspaper reported.

This is equal to1 the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication t oday，it said.

Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II，all more than 60 years of age，exercise on bicyc les six times a week for three months.After t he three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects’ muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insuli n worked.2

Associate Professor3 Dr.Hemming Dela o f the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics ha d just as high insulin utilisation as the healt hv non- exercising persons.

“This means that the insulin w orks just as well for both groups.Physical exercise ca nnot cure people of diabetes，4 but it can el iminate almost all their symptoms.At the sa me time it can put off5 the point at which t hey have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment，”Dela wa s quoted as saying.6

Insulin isa hormone produced by the pa ncreas，controlling sugar in the body and us ed against diabetes.

Dela said that to achieve the desired eff ect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up7 a sweat，but that the activity has to be maintained since i

t wears off8 after five days without sufficien t exercise.

Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of 9 the importance of exercise，Dela added.

词汇：

Insulin n.胰岛素utilise(=utilize) vt.利用，使用

diabetic adj.(患)糖尿病的;n.糖尿病患者m edication n.药物，药物治疗

subject n.实验对象

diabetes n.糖尿病;多尿症utilisation(=utili zation) n.利用，使用

brisk adj.轻快的;活泼的，活跃的

Copenhagen n.哥本哈根(丹麦首都) saying n.格言

hormone n.激素

muscle n.肌肉pancreas n.胰(腺)

注释：

1.be equal to：等于

2. as a measure for how well their insul in worked：作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。从语法上分析，how引起的从句是f or这个介词的宾语从句。

3.associate professor：副教授

4.…cannot cure people of diabetes：不能治好人们的糖尿病。cure sb.of sth.：给某人医治某病。例如：This medicine should cure yo u of your cold.这药准能治好你的感冒。

5.put off：推迟，延期

6.Dela was quoted as saying：Dela的话像格言一样被人们所引用。注意谓语是被动语态。

7.work up：逐步引起，激起

8.wear off：逐渐消失

9.(be) unaware of sth.：不知道，没觉察

练习：

1.How could most elderly type II diabeti cs stop taking insulin?

A By taking more salt.than usual.

B By taking less salt than usual.

C By doing brisk exercise for half an h our at least three times a week.

D By going climbing，swimming or boxi ng every day.

2.Physical exercise may increase the bod y ability to utilise insulin bv

A 70 per cent.

B 30 per cent.

C 60 per cent.

D only a few per cent.

3.The subjects of the research tests cond ucted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital in cluded

A elderly non-diabetic men.

B elderly ty pe II diabetic men.

C both sexes of all ages.

D both A and B.

4.To what a degree have diebetics to ex ercise in order to achieve the desired effect?

A To the degree where they begin to s weat.

B To the degree where they feel exhaust ed.

C To the point when they feel thirsty.

D To the point when they have to take insulin.

5.According to Dela，among most diabeti cs the importance of exercise is the importa nce of watching their diet.

A as poorly understood as

B as well un derstood as

C less understood than

D better underst ood than

答案与题解：

1.C文章一开始就有此问题的明确答案。至于吃多少盐或者从事其他剧烈运动文章自始至终都没有提到。

2.B 文章第二段说到，体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30%。

3. D此题答案在文章第四段，实验对象既有II型糖尿病患者，也有健康人，而且都是60岁以上的男人。

4.A 文章倒数第二段说到，体育锻炼只要达到出汗的程度就能起作用。

5. C最后一段明确说到，大多数糖尿病患者知道必须注意饮食，但却并不知道体育锻炼的重要性

第二十四篇

Preventing Child Maltreatment

Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences.There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalen ce of child maltreatment.Data for many coun tries，especially low-and middle-income coun tries，are lacking.

Child maltreatment is complex and diffi cult to study.Current estimates vary widely d epending on the country and the method of research used.Nonetheless.international studies reveal that approximately 20%of women an d 5-10%of men report being sexually abused as children，while 25-50%of all children rep ort being physically abused.Additionally，man y children are subject to1 emotional abuse(so metimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).

Every year，there are an estimated 31,00 0 homicide deaths in children under 15.This number underestimates the true extent of t he problem，as a significant proportion of de

aths due to child maltreatment are incorrectl y attributed to3 falls，bums and drowning.

Child maltreatment causes suffering to c hildren and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress th at is associated with disruption in early brai n development.Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune sy stems.Consequently，as adults，maltreated chi ldren are at increased risk for behavioural，p hysical and mental health problems.Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart diseas e, cancer，suicide and sexually transmitted in fections.4

Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment，there is an economic impact，including costs of hospitalization, mental heal th treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.

A number of risk factors for child malt reatmenthave been identified. These risk fact ors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when atte mpting to understand the causes of child ma ltreatment.

It is important to emphasize that childre n are the victims and are never to blame fo r5 maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the like lihood of being maltreated ,such as being eit her under four years old or an adolescent ,b eing unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expect ations of parents and having special needs, c rying persistently or having abnormal physic al features.6

词汇：

maltreatment n.虐待impair vt.损害

consequence n.结局，结果via prep.通过，用

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