研究生2英语选择题
1、According to Alvin Toffler,the present lifetime is quite different from all others because of the （stunning）expansion of the scale and scope of change.
2、The retired pop star denied rumors that he was planning to stage a （comeback）later this year.
3、At the meeting, the chairperson （overlooked）his rudeness and tried to pretend nothing had happened.
4、Frank had never expected those few items would（come to ）2000 dollars.
5、Yesterday Tom cut his finger, but he（brushed it off）as unimportant and kept working .
6、My friend’s marriage did’t （come off）; her fiancé broke off the engagement at the last minute.
7、Though my brother had been away for over 15 years, he could still （pick out ）different places in the city from the airplane.
8、Gloria loved her husband so much that she began to （fall apart ）after he was killed in a car accident.
9、To everybody’s surprise, the woman candidate from a small party（topped）the poll in the first round of voting.
10、It is reported that several houses were（carried away ）when the swollen river suddenly changed its course yesterday.
1、This kind of strange brooding frog of Australia （incubates）its young in the stomach and gives birth through its mouth.
2、It feels wholesome to be alone the greater part of time. Being in company, even with the best, is soon （wearisome）and dissipating.
3、I am afraid we have to （concur on ）a set of rules called etiquette and politeness to make our frequent meeting tolerable.
4、Our neighbor makes herself available to international students and their families,（unraveling）for them the puzzles of living in a new place.
5、Extinctions have occurred 100 to 100000 times faster than before, （principally）because we have degraded and destroyed forests, spread agriculture, introduced animals into new environments and polluted the air, soil and water.
6、Some people in that country fear that the newly-founded international organization will sooner or later（strip）away our sovereignty.
7、The （introverted）wilderness explorer hates to talk about himself or disclose anything about his private life.
8、A leader’s task is to focus the people’s energies and desires, to define them in simple terms, to inspire, to make what people want seem （attainable）, important, within their grasp.
9、Winston Churchill managed, through （sheer）rhetoric, to turn the British defeat and the evacuation of Dunkirk in 1940 into a major victory.
10、In many cases, admiration for religious leaders went hand in hand with respect for science. No one expressed the view that religious beliefs were（incompatible）with scientific research.
1、The two men spent much of the time at the reunion, reminiscing about the war, as old soldiers are （wont）to do.
2、The protest went ahead despite government assurances that they would press for （reciprocity）with the neighboring country in the issuing of visas.
3、I’m not buying the factory because I’m a(n) （altruist）; I expect it to be making me a lot of money in a few year’s time.
4、His eyes glinted and you could see the greed（coming out）in him as he sang the praises of the
run-down car he was trying to sell.
5、（At face value）they seem to contradict certain widely held beliefs; yet it seems difficult to dismiss these phenomena as being simply due to chance or to misconception.
6、It is unfair that Ted has been made a（sacrificial）lamb – it was his boss who should have been dismissed.
7、The former president could still act as a conduit for aid from the West.
8、It is said the smooth-talking man is able to exercise a hypnotic influence over （callow）youth.
9、I have lived in this country for a long time and I can（see though）the glossy image-making of his campaign.
10、Production targets are set for each branch, and branch , managers who don’t （measure up）usually don’t last.
1、A group of girls and boys （clustered）around the teacher , listening carefully to what she’s saying.
2、Naturalist Merlin Tuttle, through his organization, began a campaign to let people know the facts about bats, （dispelling）some of the more exaggerated myths.
3、The search （involves）pointing the telescope towards the millions and millions of stars in the Milky Way and selecting a tiny sector containing about 10000.
4、Bad weather （hampered）landing and on the first night only half of the immigrants were unloaded.
5、Suddenly the daily fear and uncertainty （escalated）into full-scale terror, and the ship echoed with screams.
6、They allowed the inmates onto the deck once a week to wash in salt water, otherwise the inmates were （confined）to the hold 24 hours a day .
7、Others argue that since the earth has endured a long （string）of ice ages in the last two million years, any warming is likely to be temporary.
8、You can also create a sense of peace and（tranquility）by reading a book or listening to beautiful music.
9、Trying to take care of everything at once can be (overwhelming) and as a result, you may not accomplish anything.
10、It helps to talk with someone about your anxieties and worries. Perhaps a friend can help you achieve a more positive (perspective )on what’s troubling you.
1、As a teenager, I was（consumed）by passion for a film star I would never meet.
2、The man grew angry and threatened to come and （smash) the place （up）if the boss didn’t pay him the money.
3、You can accuse me of （cowardice）, but I am still reluctant to fight in this unpopular war.
4、Almost in every country, there is a severe penalty for anyone who（harbor）traitors.
5、The whole village was （scandalized）by her marriage to a man who was young enough to be her grandson.
6、It was really a wonderful occasion which we will （cherish）for many years to come.
7、We live in an （acquisitive）society which views success primarily in terms of material possessions.
8、The woman who appeared in court （bridled at）the suggestion that she had been dishonest.
9、Writing teachers are supposed to design workable strategies to help students to eliminate （tautology）and avoid needless repetition when they are writing compositions.
10、The restaurant was called House Beyond House. It leaned over the lake on three sides. Despite the view and its poetic name, it was a （nonchalantly）ugly place with greasy old furniture. 1、We assume that Western agriculture is the very（pinnacle）of what is possible in the productive use of soil for the growth of food.
2、Stephen Jay Gould, a famous evolutionary biologist and （prolific）author who influenced his field for decades, died Monday.
3、Angry participants (shouted down)one member of the committee as he tried to address the audience through a bullhorn.
4、In essence, these textbooks (deprecate)the numerous Native American cultures while reinforcing the attitude that the European conquest of the New World denotes the superiority of European culture.
5、We were (scrambling)through the thick undergrowth when we suddenly came across a fast-flowing stream.
6、A child can gain much better (solace )from a fable than he can from an effort to comfort him based on adult reasoning and viewpoint.
7、The boy has learned from fairy stories that what at first seems a( repulsive), threatening figure can magically change into a most helpful friend.
8、As long as parents fully believes that Biblical stories solved the( riddle )of our existence and its purpose, it was easy to make a child feel secure.
9、In the 18th century, art in Europe was regarded, along with music and poetry, as something (edifying).
10、It was an extraordinarily productive year, for genetic engineers (undid) the secrets of human DNA.
1、Unfortunately these drugs are quite toxic and hinder the body’s ability to (fight off )infection.
2、These who torture others in mind or body in order to gain ego satisfaction are considered (sadistic).
3、Justice in any constitutional sense is still not anything hoped for by these residents, although some say that things have changed and that the younger generation won’t put up with the things older people( went along with).
4、That man’s actions are entirely( motivated) by his desire for happiness, a doctrine which has been called “theological utilitarianism”.
5、During the two-month drought, all the sunflowers on both sides of the road (withered)into brown, rattling, burry stalks.
6、The lighthearted exchanges, which they knew were being recorded, sound nothing like the words of men who fear they have done something( reprehensible), or even something out of the ordinary.
7、Since boyhood he had been determined to become extremely successful – that is , extremely wealthy, for he saw money as the only (irrefutable) proof of success.
8、Blanche Blank points out that a university should be a resource centre for those who want to develop their intellectual powers, and that selling it to the youth as a take-off pad for the material good life is really a (perversion )of its true spirit.
9、The most( grotesque )story was told by an oil worker who saw a small boy of five or six feet.
10、Before the rainy season came, the workers were busy rebuilding the dam because it was too weak to( withhold) the pressure of the rising water.
1、The report says that heart disease( snatched) life away from 7.4 million people last year.
2、Exercise has a well-recognized (tranquilizing) effect, which helps you work in a more relaxed fashion.
3、Residents of this island are growing rich from the mining of gold deposits, which has now (eclipsed) fishing as the state’s major revenue source.
4、The government has founded a $2.5 million program to investigate whether honeybees can be trained to( pinpoint )landmines and other military targets.
5、we’re in an era when compute hackers are stealing credit-card numbers and other technologically adept criminals are( transgressing) national borders.
6、Both of them are reported to have experienced an episode of carbon-monoxide poisoning caused by the use of burning coals to heat a poorly (ventilated) room.
7、Physicians do not always have a clear understanding of the ailments that are (afflicting )their patients, but they usually suggest options for further treatment.
8、Several countries, including Britain, Denmark and Germany, have （outlawed）all scientific work on cloning humans.
9、In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete at all in the global market place, diversity is an（imperative）.
10、Although some airlines prohibit passengers from using electronic equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to （enforce）a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.
1.Chris decided to divorce(离婚) Pat because he often _____D____a girl yong enough to be his daughter.
A brought up （长大）
B stood up for （站起来）
C took advantage of （趁着）
D played around with（戏弄）
2. Generations(一代人) of women in this part of world were ___C___by poverty(贫穷),by religion宗教and by tradition(传统).
A acquired （获得）
B undergone （经历/承受）
C enslaved（奴役）
D bolstered（支持）
3．My neighbor邻居is always complaining抱怨about his secondhand car ---he doesn’t know when she’s______B__.
A celebrated （著名的）
B well off （手头宽裕的）
C deceptive（虚伪的）
D well-found（以及发现）
4. It is becoming abundantly clear that,unless I make some determined move,I will become a permanenty（永久的）___A____in the machine.
A cog （齿轮）
B model
C victim
D conductor(导体)
5. The recent fall in house prices has___A_____disaster for many people who want to sell their houses.
A spelt(招致)
B averted(避免)
C resolved(下定决心的、坚决的)
D transformed(变换)
6. I told my sister I’d lend her my new shirt if she let me borrow her jacket,but she didn’t rise to the ____A___ .
A bait（诱饵）
B mask
C obligation
D compromise(妥协)
7. My husband ate a ___B____breakfast before he set off for his remote farmhouse.
A prime （最初的）
B hearty（丰盛的）
C convenient
D heady（兴奋的）
8.Yesterday moring when she said she was going to leave him for good ,he thought it was only a __C____.
A bliss（幸福）
B sacrifice（牺牲）
C bluff（欺骗）
D consequence
9. Alice was ____D__ with grief when she heard her husband died in a plane crash.
A above herself （趾高气昂）
B in touch
C in line
D beside herself（发狂）
10. Due to an __B____by my bank,there was less money in my account than there should have been.
A intent （意图）
B oversight（疏忽）
C indecision(优柔寡断的)
D ebgarement（订婚）
B单元
1. We are now in a world where the speed at which you distribute information often means the difference between success and failure,and her influence__C___quality.
A supervises
B supplements
C supersedes
D scandalizes
2. A teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitude because her influence can be___B___ if she has personal prejudices.
A delectable
B deleterious
C meritorious
D deliberate
3. The__A____abthropologist Genrge Murdock has listed seventy-there items that characterize every known culture,past and present.
A eminent
B imminent
C reminiscent
D legitimate
4. These computer hackers skip skip school and lose contact with friends;they may even ___C___personal hygiene.
A forge
B furrow
C forgo
D fortify
5. Education___B____the conviction that you can always learn something new.
A installs
B instills
C fulfills
D imbues
6. Sadly the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of ___B____.
A immigration
B extinction
C distinction
D extaction
7. Jane was in a __C__as to whether to marry Paul,who was poor,or Charles,who was ugly.
A paradox
B stigma
C dilemma
D predication
8. Most public places are simply not __D____to the needs of people with a physical handicap.
A deserted
B dwelled
C motivated
D geared
9. People who like to wear red dresses are more likey to be talkative and __A____.
A vivacious
B introverted
C lucrative
D perilous
10. The __B_____who had isolated himself from the outside world for over ten years was found dead oin his hamlet.
A miser
B hermit
C pauper
D vegetarian
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面的表述与空格前的内容属于并列关系，由逗号连接。答案选择meaning。[A] wisdom [C] glory [D] freedom 这些选项都表示褒义色彩和后面lazy、depressed 矛盾。 6.[答案][B] Indeed 考点：上下文逻辑关系 分析下四个选项可以看出并无体现因果关系故[A] Thus排除，另外instead，nevertheless 表示转折语意，但是上下文逻辑并无体现。故[A]Instead [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless均排除。 7.[答案][C] working 考点：上下文语义理解 One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans.根据上下文对比的语意对照应该选择working。前面提到unemployed 。此处在进行对比，故选择表示反义呼应的词working。 8.[答案][A] explanation 考点：句内语意理解+固定搭配 some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. [答案][D] among 考点：句内语义理解、介词辨析 很明显应该指前者的发生范围。浏览四个选项，among“在....中”表示范围，符合此处语义需要，故为答案。 [答案][C] worry about 考点：上下文语义理解+句内语义理解 Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. [答案][C] necessarily
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Language Points 1.Subtitle:Toxin sniffers，missile jammers,dirty-bomb detectors： The post-9/11security blitz is affecting more than public safety—it’s changing the course of science. Toxin sniffers:毒素嗅探器missile jammers:导弹人为干发射机 dirty-bomb detectors:放射性核弹探测器 全句可译为：毒素嗅探器、导弹人为干发射机、放射性核弹探测器：“9·11” 事件后闪电式的保卫行动不仅影响着公共安全——还在改变着科学的进程。 2.Par.[1]:In the race to prevent future9/11-style attacks—or worse—Washington has marshaled the U.S.science establishment on a scale not seen since Sputnik. 全句可译为：华盛顿以前苏联发射人造地球卫星以来所未有的规模对美国的科 学机构做了安排。 3.Par.[2]:“A lot of it is security theater technology designed to make you feel better,”says Bruce Schneier，author of Beyond Fear：Thinking Sensibly about Security in an Uncertain World. 全句可译为：《超脱恐惧：明智地考虑变幻莫测世界的安全问题》的作者布鲁 斯·施奈尔说：“这当中有许多都是做表面文章的保安技术，目的是让你感到 更安全。 4.Par.[6]:As the archive of visa applicants balloons，scans of all10 fingers will provide more fail-safe identifications. 全句可译为：随着护照签证申请人的档案急剧增加，对十指全部进行扫描将 使身份验证更加万无一失。 5.Par.[9]:Resembling a sleek outhouse，the$150,000walk-through machine sends a quick blast of air over your clothing to dislodge trace explosive particles. walk-through:（建筑物）从两端都可进入的 全句可译为：这种价值15万美元的从两端都可进入的机器像个造型优美的 户外小屋，它在你的衣服上面迅速地吹过一股气流，从衣服上吹下微量炸药 粒子， 6.Par.[10]:Still,building technology today already seems light-years beyond pre-9/11days． 全句可译为：然而，今天的建筑技术看来已经远远超过“9·11”事件以前的 日子了。 7.Par.[11]:GPS:Global Positioning System全球卫星定位系统 8.Par.[12]:A cyber-attack on the country’s financial networks or power and telecommunications grids could make other means of protecting our physical assets moot. 全句可译为：对国家的金融网或电力和电信网进行的网络攻击，可使我们保 护有形资产的其他手段变得无实际意义。 9.Par.[12]:Developers describe it as a“Google-esque”tool and predict
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考研英语二翻译练习题 来源：文都教育 考研英语二中的翻译题为150词左右，难度总体来说并不大，但也需要同学们在平常勤加练习。下面小编给出一道翻译练习题，后附参考译文，供大家学习。 It was an adventurous, rewarding life but something was missing. “I remembered the plays I had written at school and that long buried ambition also to be a story teller. I began to write up my diaries of my desert excursions, attempting to publish a book on my camel expedition. That idea failed, but I had picked up a writing habit on weekends and public holidays and in 1997 I started my first novel, loosely based on my family heritage in China—which I finished in 2002.” In 2003 it was published by Hodder & Stoughton as …The Palace of Heavenly Pleasure?. While continuing to live in Beijing working for Jardines, he now spends several months of the year in Italy where he b ought a house for writing. Several more books followed. …The Palace of Heavenly Pleasure?, set in the Boxer Rebellion, became the first in a trilogy. 那是一种很有意义的冒险生活，但是总觉得缺少了点什么。“我记得自己在上学的时候写过戏剧，那个时候野心勃勃，励志要成为一个讲故事的人。我开始写我的沙漠旅行日记，试图出一本关于我的骆驼探险队的书，结果失败了。但我逐渐养成了在周末以及节假日进行写作的习惯。1997年，我开始写我的第一本小说，内容大致基于我们家族在中国的生活。这本小说于2002年完成。”2003年，该书由霍德&斯托顿出版公司出版，名为《天乐院》。 现在，威廉姆斯除了继续在北京为怡和集团工作之外，每年还会抽几个月到意大利一所他专门买来进行写作的房子里待几个月。于是便有了之后的几本书。以“义和团运动”为背景的《天乐院》，成为了三部曲中的第一部。
武汉大学研究生英语单词表(精排版)
Unit One ( be ) fraught with：充满 stumbling block：绊脚石,障碍物 cement：n. 水泥,接合剂；v. 接合,用水泥涂facade：n. 建筑物的正面 ritual：n. 仪式,典礼,宗教仪式,固定程序a. 仪式的,依仪式而行的，老规矩的，惯常的ethnocentric：种族[民族]中心主义的, 种族[民族, 集团]优越感的 lull：n. 暂停,间歇,稍息v. 平息,使...平静,哄tenacity：n. 固执,不屈不挠,顽固connotation：n. 含义 inflection：n. 屈曲,变调,音调变化refreshment：n. 点心,提神之事物,精神爽快spatial：a. 空间的 preconception：n. 预想(先入之见,偏见) stereotype：n. 铅版,陈腔滥调,老套v. 使用铅版,套用老套 inscrutable：a. 难以了解的,不能测 preferential：a. 先取的,优先的,选择的prone：a. 俯卧的,易于...的,有...倾向的ambiguity：n. 不明确,含糊,暧昧,模棱两可truism：n. 自明之理,老套的,众所周知deterrent：a. 制止,防止,挽留n. 挽留的事物,妨碍物 arousal：n. 激励,鼓励 deplete：v. 耗尽,使...空竭recuperation：n. 复原，恢复：恢复健康和力气. permeate：v. 弥漫,渗透,普及 proxemic：a. [社]空间关系学的 scrutiny：n. 研究(推敲) dyad = diad：n. 二数,一对,二元一位screen out：v. 筛选出 circumvent：v. 绕行,陷害 detachment：n. 分离,分遣,分遣队 Unit Three integration：n. 整合,集成 analogy：n. 相似,类似 therapy：n. 疗法,治疗 smoothie：n. 善于讨好女人的男子, 举止优雅的人 casserole：n. 餐桌上用有盖的焙盘,砂锅菜fluid：a. 流体的,流动的n. 流体,液体inadvertently：ad. 不注意地 duress：n. 强迫, 监禁 sabotage：n. 怠工,破坏活动,破坏v. 从事破坏活动,妨害,破坏 culinary：a. 厨房的,烹调的 delectable：a. 快乐的,可喜的,愉快的backfire：v. 产生事与愿违的后果vi. (指内燃机等)逆火,回火,适得其反 cardinal：n. 枢机主教,鲜红色a. 主要的,深红色的 standoffish：a. 有点不友好的,冷淡的endearment：n. 亲爱,钟爱 intrusion：n. 闯入,侵扰 sibling：n. 兄弟姐妹 pester：v. 使烦恼,使苦恼 whine：n. 抱怨,牢骚v. 哭诉,发牢骚sobering：a. 使清醒的, 使冷静的 steer：v. 引导,驾驶,航行 Unit Four warrant：n. 正当理由,根据,委任状v. 保证,辩解,担保 symptomatic：a. 具有征候的,征候的,根据征候的 distortion：n. 扭曲,变形,曲解 retard：n. 阻止,迟延v. 妨碍,迟延,迟缓infrastructure：n. 下部构造,下部组织,基础结构，基础设施 thwart：a. 横～v. 反对,阻碍ad. 横过optimize：v. 使...完美,乐观,使...完善v.优化portfolio：n. 文件夹,证券投资组合aggregate：n. 合计,总计,集合体a. 合计的,集合的,聚合的v. 聚集,集合,合计vestige：n. 遗迹,退化的器官 constraint：约束, 强制,约束条件；[计算机] 限制，对感情的压抑 ration：n. 定额,定量,配给 subsidy：n. 补助金,津贴 externality：n. 外表(外在性,外部的事物) subsidize：v. 给与补助金,给与奖助金,贿赂entail：v. 使必需,使蒙受 unleash：v. 解开...的皮带,解除...的束缚,解放revenue：n. 财政收入,税收 disparity：n. 不一致 bid up：竞出高价
研究生英语精读教程翻译 上 课后习题及其答案。。
一、你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人 如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活 [1]你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗？你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。 [2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。” [3] “你的能力固然重要,”匹兹堡卡内基–梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。 [4]以你的工作为例。宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都会人寿保险公司的推销员进行了调查。他们发现，在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。在新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。 [5]公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化行业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出一般的推销员10%。 [6]他们是如何做到的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气，抱怨电话线路，甚至怪罪别人。他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。[7]克雷格·安德森让一组学生给陌生人打电话，请他们为红十字会献血。当他们的第一、二个电话未能得到对方同意时，悲观者说：“我干不了这事。乐观主义者则对自己说：“我需要试试另一种方法。” [8]无论是消极还是积极，都是一种本身会成为事实的预言。安德森说：如果人们感到没有希望，他们就不会费事去获得成功所需的技能。” [9]据安德森看来，有无控制感是成功的试金石。乐观者能够掌握自己的命运。如果事情不顺利，他立刻做出反应，寻找解决办法，制定新的行动计划，并且主动寻求指点。悲观者则感到自己只能由命运摆布，行动拖拉。既然认为毫无办法，他便不去寻求指点。 [10]乐观主义者也许认为自己比事实能够证明的要强——有时正是这一点使他们充满生机。匹兹堡肿瘤研究所的桑德拉·利维博士对患晚期乳腺癌的妇女进行了研究。对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说，两次发病间隔的时间比较长，而这是生存下去的最好预兆。在一次对早期乳腺癌妇女的初步研究中，利维博士发现这一疾病在悲观病人身上复发更早。 [11]乐观态度不会使不治之症痊愈，却有可能预防疾病。在一项长期研究中，研究人员跟踪观察了一组哈佛大学毕业生的健康史。所有这些人都是班上的学生，并且健康状况良好。他们之中有的是积极思考者，有的是消极思考者。20年后，悲观者中患有中年常见病——高血压、糖尿病、心脏病——的人数要比乐观者多。 [12]许多研究显示，悲观者的无助感会损害人体的自然防御体系，即免疫系统。密执安大学的克里斯托弗·彼德森博士发现悲观主义者不能很好地照顾自己。他消极被动，无法避开生活中的打击，无论做什么都会担心身体不好或其他灾难将临。他大嚼不利于健康的垃圾食品，逃避体育锻炼，不听医生的劝告，还总是要再贪一杯。 [13]在多数人身上，乐观主义和悲观主义兼而有之，但总是更倾向于其中之一。塞利格曼说，这是一种早在“母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式，来自千万次警告或鼓励，消极的或积极的话语。过多的“不许”及危险警告会使一个孩子感到无能、恐惧以及悲观。 [14]随着年龄的增长，儿童能体会到许多小小的成就感，如学会系鞋带等。家长可以促使这类成功转变为控制感，从而培养出乐观主义。 [15]悲观是一种很难克服的习惯，但并非不能克服。在一系列具有重大突破的研究中，伊利诺伊大学的卡罗尔·德韦克博士对小学低年级儿童做了一些工作。她帮助那些屡屡出错的学生改变对失败原因的解释——从“我准是很笨”变成“我学习还不够努力”——因此他们的学习成绩提高了。 [16]匹兹堡的利维博士想知道把病人变成乐观主义者是否会延长他们的生命。在一次试验性研究中，两组结肠癌病人受到同样方式的治疗，但其中一些人还得到了鼓励乐观态度的心理帮助。试验结果表明这一做法有一定的效果。现在已在计划实施一项重大研究，以确定这一心理变化是否会改变病情的发展。 [17]因此，如果你是个悲观主义者，你完全有理由乐观起来。你能改变自己。以下就是范德比尔特大学的心理学家史蒂夫·霍朗指出的方法： [18]一、当坏事发生时，仔细留意自己的想法，把你最初的想法原原本本地记下来，一字不改。
初中英语单项选择题汇总题(附标准答案)
初中英语单项选择题汇总题(附答案)
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初中英语单项选择题汇总（附答案） 第一部分初中中考英语单选题真题练习 第一章冠词 真题 1. —What would you like for afternoon tea? (09广州，16) —Tow pieces of bread and cup of coffee, please. A. an; a B. 不填; a C. at; the D. 不填; the 2. old man behind Mary is university teacher. (09广东省，29) A. An; an B. A; the C. The; a D. The; an 3. —How do you go to work? (09深圳，1) —I usually take bus. A. the; a B. /; a C. a; a D. the; / 4. After Lucy and Lily, Tony is now student to win the game in our class. (09佛山，23) A. the third B. a third C. the second 5. —Are you good at playing basketball or playing piano? (08深圳，21) —Both． A. a; a B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the 6. When you make a mistake, don't always make excuse for yourself. (08佛山， 29) A. an B. the C. / 7. —Do you like a blue bike for your birthday? (07佛山，31) —But I prefer green one. A. the B. / C. a 8. He is university student and he comes from island in England. (07广东省，26) A. an; an B. an; a C. a; an D. a; a 巩固练习 1.There's 800-metre-long road behind hospital. (09甘肃兰州) A. an; an B. a; a C. an; the D. a; the 2.I really like book you lent me yesterday. (09河北) A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 3.Jimmy bought car yesterday, but it’s used one. (09山东威海) A. a; a B. a; an C. a; the D. the; an 4.What exciting news it is! Is news true? (09山东烟台) A. an; the B. an; a C. /; the D. /; a 5.—I just have cup of milk for breakfast. (09四川成都) —That’s not enough. A. a; a B. the; the C. a; 不填 6.Sandy often takes her dog for walk around the lake after supper. (09江苏南京)
研究生2英语选择题
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2018考研英语二高频词汇表
考研英语二高频词汇表选自英语二词汇《句句有词》 process过程；工序；程序vt. growth增加，增长(量)；生长，发展technology工艺，技术 theory理论，原理；学说；看法，见解economy经济(制度)，经济情况；节约，省俭behavio(u)r行为，举止；运转情况 account账(目)，账户；叙述，说明 economic经济(学)的，经济上的 individual单独的，个人的 product产品，产物；乘积 rate(比)率；速度，进度；价格，费用 create创造，创建，创作；引起，产生 decline下降，减少，衰退；婉拒 hard硬的，坚固的；烈性的；困难的 ability能力，本领；才能，才智
professional spot斑点，污点；地点；一点儿vt．认出，发现；玷污tend照管，护理 view眼界；风景；(常用pl．)看法vt．看待；观察advocate鼓吹(者)，拥护(者) amount数量vi．合计；等同 community团体，社会；界，族；社区;群落 concern关联；关心n. environment factor因素，要素 intelligence智力，智慧；情报 rape [reip] n.强奸；破坏，蹂躏 vt.强奸；破坏，蹂躏rash [r??] a.轻率的，鲁莽的 [反] deliberate n.皮疹 guideline [?ga?dla?n] n.指导方针，指导原则，准则，标准gut [ɡ?t] n.[pl.]胆量；内脏a.本能的vt.取出内脏 refund [?ri:f?nd] n.v. 退款；赔偿