生物玻璃(中英)

生物玻璃

Biological glass

摘要：本文简单介绍了生物玻璃材料的生物活性，制备方法，具体应用以及其复合材料。并且就生物玻璃及其复合材料发展趋势进行展望.

This article simply introduced the biological activities of bioglass materials, preparation methods, application and it’s composite material. And the development trend of biological glass and it’s composites were discussed.

关键词：Biological glass

引言：生物玻璃(bioglass) 能实现特定的生物、生理功能的玻璃。将生物玻璃植入人体骨缺损部位，它能与骨组织直接结合，起到修复骨组织、恢复其功能的作用。生物玻璃是佛罗里达大学美国人L.L.亨奇于1969 年发明的。其主要成分有约占45%Na2O、占25%CaO 与25%SiO2和约占5%P2O5。若添加少量其他成分，如K2O、MgO、CaF2、B2O3等，则可得到一系列有实用价值的生物玻璃。用这种玻璃来造人体骨比某些金属要优越的多。

生物玻璃已成为材料科学、生物化学以及分子生物学的交叉学科，由于生物玻璃具有生物活性等特点，在组织工程支架材料、骨科、牙科、中耳、癌症治疗和药物载体等方面的应用前景可观。主要由Si、Na、Ca 以及P 的氧化物组成。

Preface: bioglass can implement specific biological and physiological function of glass. The bioglass implanted bone defect site, it can be combined with bone tissue directly, have the effect of repairing bone tissue, restore its function. Bioglass is americans at the university of Florida L.L. hencky invented in 1969. Its main composition is about 45% of Na2O, 25% 25% CaO and SiO2 and about 5% P2O5. If add a small amount of other constituents, such as K2O, MgO style, CaF2, B2O3, etc, can get a series of useful biological glass. With this kind of glass to make human bone is much superior than certain metals.

Bioglass has become a material science, biochemistry and molecular biology of interdisciplinary, because bioglass has the characteristics of biological activity, in tissue engineering scaffold material, orthopedist, dentist, middle ear, cancer therapy and drug carrier and so on the application prospect is considerable. Is mainly composed of Si, Na, Ca and P of oxide.

生物玻璃简介：

1.1 生物玻璃的定义

生物活性玻璃是指能够满足或达到特定生物、生理功能的特种玻璃。

1.2 生物玻璃的特点

生物玻璃是无机生物医用材料中的一个重要分支。

（1）具有良好的生物相容性，没有毒副作用；

（2）容易与周围的骨骼形成紧密牢固的化学键合，或经生物降解形成新的骨骼成分（由于它们的化学组成与生物体的自然骨骼相似）；

（3）生物玻璃的力学性能较差，限制其应用。

Bioglass profile:

1.1 definition of biological glass

Bioactive glass is able to meet or achieve a specific biological, physiological function of special glass.

1.2 the characteristics of biological glass

Bioglass is an important branch of inorganic biomedical materials.

(1) has good biocompatibility, no side effects;

(2) easy to closely strong bond with bone formation around, or through the biodegradation to form new bone composition (due to their chemical composition and biological is similar to natural bone);

(3) biological glass mechanical properties is poor, limit its application.

生物玻璃的生物活性：

2.1 生物玻璃活性的定义

生物玻璃的生物活性在于，在人体液中，其表面发生一系列反应，最后在表面形成一层与人体骨骼无机相相似的羟基磷灰石（HA）而与人体硬或软组织如胶原蛋白和细胞紧密联结的能力。

2.2 生物玻璃具有生物活性的原因

生物玻璃的活性在于其在体内能与自然骨、软组织形成化学键合。

Bioglass biological activity:

2.1 the definition of the biological activity of glass

Bioglass biological activity lies in the fact that in human body fluid, the surface produces a series of reaction, and finally formed in the surface layer is similar to human bone inorganic phase of hydroxyapatite (HA) and the body is hard or soft tissues such as collagen and cell's ability to bond tightly.

2.2 biological bioactive glass

The activity of biological glass lies in its with natural bone and soft tissue in the body to form chemical bonds.

生物玻璃的制备方法：

3.1 高温熔制法(传统制备生物玻璃的方法)

定义:以Na2O、CaO、SiO2和P2O5等为原料，通过高温烧结而成生物玻璃。

生物玻璃性能控制方式：控制生成晶体的种类、颗粒大小以及含量多少等。如，适当调整熔制温度可以提高玻璃的生物活性；生成细小的晶粒可以提高玻璃的断裂韧性。

缺点：采用该方法制备的生物玻璃密实无孔、比表面积小，一般当SiO2 含量超过60(wt)%时，玻璃就不再具有生物活性。

3.2 溶胶-凝胶法

定义：以醇盐为各组分前驱物，溶胶混合物经过水解形成凝胶，经过陈化、干燥，最后在600～800℃热处理后得到SiO2-CaO-P2O5 系统、SiO2-CaO 系统等生物玻璃。

缺点：总体降解速度较快，但是玻璃中的Si 成分仍然残留在体内而无法降解，Si 在体内的代谢机理目前尚不清楚，要真正从根本上解决生物玻璃的降解问题，要展开Si 在人体内代谢机理的基础研究，根据其机理设计玻璃的组成。

The preparation method of biological glass:

3.1 high temperature melt method preparation of bioglass (traditional)

Definition: by Na2O, CaO, SiO2 and P2O5 etc as the raw material, through high heat sintering and bioglass.

Bioglass performance control mode, control produce crystal type, particle size and amount, etc. Such as, appropriate adjustments melted temperature can improve the biological activity of glass; Generate tiny grain can improve the fracture toughness of the glass. Weakness: the preparation by the method of bioglass dense non-porous, small specific surface area, generally when the SiO2 content in more than 60 (wt %), glass no longer have biological activity.

3.2 sol-gel method

Definition: alkoxide as precursors of components, the mixture of sol gel forms through hydrolysis, after aging, dry, and finally in 600 ~ 800 ℃after heat treatment is SiO2, SiO2, CaO CaO - P2O5 system system such as biological glass.

Weakness: the overall degradation speed faster, but Si composition still remain in the body of the glass to degradation, Si in the body's metabolic mechanism is not clear, to fundamentally solve the problem of the degradation of bioglass, on the basis of Si in the human body metabolism mechanism research, according to the composition of the mechanism design of glass.

生物玻璃复合材料：

分类标准：按与生物玻璃复合的材料的性质

分类：生物玻璃－有机复合材料、生物玻璃－金属复合材料、生物玻璃－无机复合材料。

Biological glass composite materials:

Classification criteria: press and biological properties of glass composite materials Classification: bioglass - organic materials, biological - metal composite materials, biological glass and inorganic composite materials.

生物玻璃及其复合材料发展趋势展望：

生物活性玻璃作为理想的人工医学材料已得到广泛研究和临床应用，越来越显示出惰性生物材料所不能比拟的优势。

生物玻璃今后的主要研究方向：

（1）生物活性玻璃需要高温结烧成型，这样有些材料的活性不免会受到影响

而大大降低，因此在制备工艺上需寻求低温合成路线，如溶胶-凝胶法、液相反应等技术；

（2）生物活性玻璃像普通玻璃一样存在力学弱点，即脆性大，因而限制了其应用范围，增强、增韧将是今后一个重要的研究方向；

（3）可降解生物微晶玻璃、调控降解速度并激活成骨细胞基因的生物玻璃、仿人工骨和齿的生物玻璃的复合材料、高强度加工的微晶玻璃、酶载体微孔玻璃、生物芯片玻璃等材料将成为重点研究对象。

Outlook: biological glass and its composites development trend

Bioactive glass as the ideal human medical material has been widely research and clinical applications, more and more shows inert biological materials can not match advantage. Bioglass main research direction in the future:

(1) biological activity glass needs high temperature and burning forming, so the activity of some materials inevitably affected and greatly reduced, thus on the preparation process to seek low temperature synthetic route, such as sol-gel method, liquid phase reaction technology;

(2) biological activity glass mechanical weaknesses as common glass, namely brittle, thus limiting its application range, enhancement and toughness will be an important research direction in the future;

(3) biodegradable microcrystalline glass, control the degradation rate and activate osteoblast gene of bioglass, imitation artificial bone and tooth glass, high strength composite materials processing microcrystalline glass, enzyme carrier of microporous materials such as glass, biochip glass will become the key research object.

参考文献

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3 资料网站：百度文库万方数据平台2013