伊壁鸠鲁伦理学(双语)

伊壁鸠鲁伦理学

伊壁鸠鲁（公元前341年－公元前270年）古希腊哲学家、伊壁鸠鲁学派的创始人。伊壁鸠鲁哲学的基础是德谟克利特的原子论。他的学说的主要宗旨就是要达到不受干扰的宁静状态。

伊壁鸠鲁伦理学的中心是人生问题。他认为，人生的目的就是追求快乐，快乐就是人生最高的善。他指出快乐是幸福生活的开始和目的。

关于快乐的规定，伊壁鸠鲁所说的快乐，并不是指奢侈放荡的快乐。用他话来说就是“我们所谓的快乐是指身体的无痛苦和灵魂的无侵扰”。

对此，伊壁鸠鲁把快乐分为身体的快乐和精神的快乐。在伊壁鸠鲁看来，肉体的快乐虽然是必要的、合乎自然的，但它是暂时的、不稳定的、浅薄的，只有精神的快乐才是持久的、稳定的、深刻的，使人享受心灵的愉快和幸福，而这种愉快和幸福是肉体快乐所达不到的。对于人生来说，真正的快乐不是在于肉体，而在于精神的快乐。故此，伊壁鸠鲁主张一种对身体有益的、简朴的生活方式。

对于死亡，伊壁鸠鲁主张德谟克利特的原子论，认为“死亡和我们没有关系，因为只要我们存在一天，死亡就不会来临，而死亡来临时，我们也不再存在了。”因此，人们不必害怕死亡。

在今天，“Epicurean”这个词已经具有贬义，用来形容那些追求享乐的人们。通过以上部分的论述我们知道，伊壁鸠鲁的快乐论并不像通常被误解的那样，是低级庸俗的享乐主义。相反，伊壁鸠鲁的快乐论表达的是一种有节制的、淡泊的幸福观。感官与精神的快乐在其学说中被赋予了应有的合理地位，可以说，这是一种自然的、中庸的快乐学说。

Epicurus ethics

Epicurus (341B.C. ~270B.C.), ancient Greek philosopher, founded Epicurus school. Epicurus’ philosophy is based on Democritus’s atomic theory. His theory’s main purpose is to achieve undisturbed state o f peace.

Epicurus ethics’ center is about life. He believes the purpose of life is to pursuit pleasure. Pleasure is the highest good of life. He pointed that pleasure is the beginning and end of a happy life.

About pleasure, Epicurus said, pleasure is not means luxury. His

so-called pleasure is no pain in body and no disturbance in soul.

Epicurus divided pleasure into physical and spiritual. For Epicurus, the pleasure of body is necessary, but it is temporary, unstable, and shallow. By contrast, the pleasure of spirit is lasting, stable, and profound, making people enjoy the joy of the heart, which cannot reach by the former. For human life, the real pleasure not lies in the body, but in the pleasure of spirit. Therefore, Epicurus argued for a wholesome, simple way of life.

As far as death concerned, advocating Democritus’s atomic theory, Epicurus believed that “death is nothing to us, since so long as we exist, death is not with us; but when death comes, then we do not exist”. Consequently, people have no necessary to afraid of death.

Today, the word “Epicurean” has some derogatory meaning, used to

describe those who only pursue pleasure. Through the above parts of the article, we know that Epicurus happiness theory is rather than hedonism. On the contrary, the epicurean happiness expressed a temperate, indifferent style of life. Sensory and mental pleasure are being given reasonable positions in his theory. We can say that Epicurus happiness theory is a natural and moderate theory.