高中英语书面表达应用文(一)书信

高中英语书面表达应用文(一)书信
高中英语书面表达应用文(一)书信

应用文(一)书信

应用文是用文字来互通有无、反映情况、传达信息、联系工作的文体,是人们在生活、学习、工作和公务活动中经常使用的多种写作形式。与一般的文体相比,应用文有两大特点:一是应用文非常重视格式,书信有书信的格式,通知有通知的格式等等各不相同。二是应用文写作中有大量的惯用词句。书信中怎样表示感谢,怎样表示道歉,怎样表示祝贺等以及口头通知的开头与结尾都有常见的模式及框架。

英语应用文的范围很广,其中包括:书信、日记、通知、便条、启事、海报、广告等。应用文受其内容特点和表达方式的制约,要求格式规范,结构严谨,语言简洁朴实,以达到准确表达意思、交流思想和传递信息的效果。

(一)书信

写作指导

英文书信格式包括信封格式和信的格式。

1. 信封的写法

(1)收信人的姓名和地址应写在信封的中央位置上,先写姓名,后写地址。

(2)发信人的姓名和地址写在信封的左上角或信封背面的门盖上,也是先写姓名,后写地址。

示例:

2. 信的写法。信的格式通常包括以下六个部分:

(1)信头(Heading)。指发信人的地址和发信日期,写在信纸的右上角。顺序是先写地址,后写日期,地址和日期的写法都要符合英语的习惯。写地址应由小到大。日期有两种写法:月、日、年(如June 8,2004);或日、月、年(如8th June,2004)。私人信件,因为是亲密或熟识的亲友间的信件来往,只写发信的日期即可。

(2)信内地址(Inside Address)。指收信人的姓名和地址,写在信纸的左上角,低于信头。在私人信件中往往省略。

(3)称呼(Salutation)。对收信人的称呼写在信内地址下面。一般用Dear…或My dear…开头,给亲属写信时在Dear或My dear后面加上亲属关系

的词即可,如Dear Dad,My dear Grandma等;写信给小辈或平辈可直呼其名,如Dear Xiao Jun,Dear Mary等;写信给不太熟悉的人常在Dear或My dear 后加上“某先生”或“某太太”等,例如:Dear Mr. Jackson,Dear Mrs Smith。写信给某公司、工厂、学校等,常用Dear Sir,有时也用Sir或Gentleman。

(4)正文(Body)。是书信的主体部分,是写信人要谈论或陈述的内容。正文要求文字简

明达意,层次分明。

(5)结束语(Complimentary close)。写在正文下面右下角的位置。常用Yours,Yours Sincerely/Sincerely yours,Yours truly/Truly yours等。

(6)签名(Signature)。签名的位置是在结束语下面一行至二行。最好是用墨水钢笔亲笔签名,即使用打字机打出的信件,最后仍需亲笔签名。

示例:

例文赏析

1. 假定你是北京第108中学高三(2)班的班长李芳,在北京大学英语系任教的澳籍教师哈罗德(Harold)先生上月曾去你校听过英语课。现在你代表全班同学给哈罗德先生写一封信,请他来参加你们班的英语晚会,并请他在晚会上讲一讲“英语泛读”问题。

晚会安排如下:

(1)时间:10月15日晚7点半开始,大约持续两个小时;

(2)地点:本校阅览室;

(3)内容:由同学和老师唱英语歌曲,表演话剧。

注:写信时间是2004年10月10日。全篇词数:120~150。

析:这封信是一封邀请信。其特点是简短、热情,给人以真诚、亲切的感觉。其内容包括:邀请原因、活动地点和时间。这封邀请信比较正式,因此信头、信内地址要齐全,信的内容里也不要出现非正式英语词语和句型。

邀请信常用语句有:

(1) Would you like to go swimming with me next Sunday?

(2)I should he very glad if you would...

(3)We hope you can come, and look forward to seeing you by then.

(4) Will you do us the favour of joining our party?

(5)Be sure to come. (请务必出席)

范文:

Class 2, Senior 3

No. 108 Middle School

Beijing

October 10th, 2004

Mr. Harold

English Department

Beijing University

Beijing

Dear Mr. Harold,

It is a month since you came to attend our English class. We are going to have an English Evening at half past seven on 15th this month. It will last two hours. The teachers of English and the students of our class are going to sing English songs and perform some plays. You are welcome to attend it. And we'd be very pleased and thankful if you make a speech on "English Extensive Reading" then.

Be sure to come. Thanks a lot.

Yours truly,

Li Fang 2. 假设你是赵奇非,五年前出国留学,回国后发现你们城市发生了巨大变化。请你根据下列提示,用英语给你在美国的同学Adela发一封e-mail,告诉她这里的变化。

要点提示:

(1)兴建了更多的公路和立交桥,交通便利;

(2)高楼林立,人们的住房条件改善;

(3)许多家庭有了私家车,出现了假日旅游热;

(4)手机、电脑使通讯更加便捷;

(5)越来越多的外国公司来你们城市兴办工厂和商店。

注意:

(1)词数在100左右。

(2)文章的开头已为你写好。

参考词汇:

(1)立交桥overpass (2)私家车private car

Dear Adela,

Our city has changed a lot in the past five years.

析:这是一封电子邮件(c-mail),要注意格式正确。首先,要在标题(Heading)栏的“收信人(To)”框中输入收信人的E-mail地址。“主题(Subject)”框的内容应简明地概括信的内容。在给出开头的e-mail中这两项可省略。其次,e-mail一般使用非正式的文体,因此称呼(Salutation)较灵活。在同辈的亲朋好友或同事间可以直呼其名,但对长辈或上级要使用头衔并加上姓。正文(Body)语言要简单明了,便于阅读。信尾客套语与书信相同,有时也很简明。如用“Thanks”“Best”,而不用“Yours sincerely”等。

介绍“变化”多用一般现在时态和现在完成时等。尽可能使用较高级的词汇,恰当地运用连接词和过渡词,以承上启下,使行文流畅。所有这些较为高级的表达方式会给文章带来一道道亮丽的风景。在段首和段尾要准确无误地写好主题句。

范文:

Dear Adela,

Our city has changed a lot in the past five years. First, more highways and overpasses have been built, which makes it very convenient for people to travel. Many high buildings have appeared, which are modern and beautiful. As a result,people’s living conditions have been greatly improved. Besides, many families have got private cars. And they can enjoy themselves travelling on holidays. They lead a rich and colorful life. Mobile phones and computers are very common now. So it is easier for people to keep in touch with each other than before. More and more foreign companies have started factories and shops here. I think living here is the

same as in America.

Best wishes to you.

Yours truly,

Zhao Qifei

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Our family has shopped at your supermarket for several years. The quality of the food has been consistently good, the prices reasonable, and the staff friendly and helpful. One of your employees is particularly outstanding, and I thought I d drop you a line and say a word on his behalf. Freddy, who bags groceries and brings them out to the car, frequently goes out of his way to help. Yesterday he had finished loading my car and was heading back to the store. I tried to pull out but found myself stuck in the snow. When he heard my wheels spinning, Freddy came back and gave me a push. That certainly beat calling a tow truck! It s nice to find someone these days who s willing to go that extra mile to please a customer. That young man will go far in life. Truly yours,

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我期望您会在百忙中光临 7、The reception will be held in ...,on ... 招待会定于...在...举行 8、We sincerely hope you can attend 我们期待您的光临 9、We are looking forward to ... 我们期待着.... 10、We have decided to have a party in honor of the occasion 为此我们决定举办一次晚会 11、Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience 是否参加,请早日告之 二、感谢信 1、Thank you very much for .... 十分感谢...

2、Many thanks for your ... 非常感谢您... 3、Please accept my sincere appreciation for ... 请接受我对...真挚的感谢 4、I am truly grateful to you for ... 为了...,我真心感激您 5、It was good (thoughtful) of you ... 承蒙好意(关心)... 6、You were so kind to send ... 承蒙好意送来... 7、Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon. 再次感谢您的盛情款待,并期待不久见到您 8、I find an ordinary "thank-you" entirely inadequate to tell you how much...

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