农村老人的娱乐方式分析

一、农村老人的娱乐方式

One, the rural elderly form of entertainment

中国的农村与城市有很大的不同，体现在老人的娱乐方式上：城市的老年人在家可以看电视、听广播，出门则可以逛公园、去老年人活动中心下棋、打球、跳舞、放风筝等；而在农村，这些都几乎不被老年人所拥有，农村老人的主要娱乐方式有看电视、打牌（麻将）、聊天、参加宗教活动、赶集、睡觉等。

China's rural and urban has very big different, reflect on the old man's entertainment: urban elderly people can watch TV at home, listening to the radio, go out then you can park, to the elderly activity center to play chess, play, dance, fly a kite, etc; And in the countryside, these all were the elderly have little, rural elderly main entertainment to watch TV, play CARDS, mahjong), chat, and participate in religious activities, market, sleeping, etc.

（一）看电视

(a) watch TV

改革开放以后，随着农村经济的发展，拥有电视机的农村家庭越来越多，闲暇时间看电视就成了大多数农村老人的主要娱乐方式。通过收看各种电视节目，农村老人一方面开阔了视野，加深了对外面世界的认知，在汲取知识的同时消磨了时间，达到了娱乐的目的。电视在起到了娱乐功能的同时，也有一些局限，表现在：一是有些农村老人上学时间短，识字少，导致他们文化水平低，使他们不能理解和吸收一些电视节目的内容；二是有些农村老人，尤其是少数民族老人一辈子只说方言，不懂普通话，看电视有时也只是在看画面，电视能带给他们的娱乐就十分有限。另外，即便拥有电视，也有很多老人选择有时收看，有时不看，主要原因在于适合他们收看的节目太少。

After reform and opening up, with the development of rural economy, rural family has a television is becoming more and more leisure time watching television has become the main entertainment. Most of the rural elderly By watching all kinds of TV programs, rural elderly widened the field of vision on the one hand, to deepen the cognition to the outside world, spent my time in the acquisition of knowledge at the same time, achieve the purpose of the entertainment. While play the function of entertainment, TV also has some limitations, displays in: one is some rural elderly school time is short, the less literate, contributed to their cultural level is low, so that they can't understand and absorb some of the content of television programs; Second, some rural elderly, especially minority old man a lifetime only speak in tongues, don't understand mandarin, watch TV sometimes just looking at the screen, TV can bring their entertainment is limited. In addition, even with the TV, there are many old people choose to watch sometimes, sometimes, main reason is suitable for the program they watch.

（二）打牌（麻将）

(2) CARDS (mahjong)

改革开放之前，农民的生产方式以集体为主，公共生活也多；实行家庭联产承包责任制之后，农民开始单干，公共生活日渐稀少，闲暇时间不少人便感到孤独和寂寞。牌桌可以增进农村老人的人际交往，消除其孤单寂寞，刺激大脑活跃并预防老年痴呆症的发生。但是农村的牌桌容易被扭曲为兴盛的赌博事业，通过扑克、麻将、牌九、纸牌等工具，赌博的形式五花八门，农闲和节日时尤为猖獗。赌博使原本健康有益的娱乐方式发生质变，诱发许多不良因素，在农村赌博造成的悲剧屡见不鲜：或输光多年积蓄，债务累累，甚而倾家荡产，偷盗抢劫。另外，久坐打牌容易引发心肌梗死等疾病，不利于老人的健康，因而，老人打牌的时间最好不要超过两个小时。

Before the reform and open policy, give priority to with collective peasant mode of production, public life is great; After the household contract responsibility system, farmers began to go it alone, public life becomes scarce, spare time a lot of people feel lonely and lonely. Tables can improve rural elderly interpersonal communication, to eliminate the lonely, stimulate the brain activity and the prevention of alzheimer's disease. But rural tables are easy to be distorted to flourish of gambling business, through the poker, mahjong, PaiJiu, CARDS and other tools, gambling in the form of multifarious, in particularly rampant and holidays. Gambling qualitative change in the original healthy entertainment, cause many adverse factors, caused the tragedy of the common occurance in rural gambling: or the lost years of savings, debt, or even ruin, steal to rob. In addition, sedentary CARDS easy to cause the disease such as myocardial infarction, unfavorable to the old man's health, therefore, the old man play time had better not more than two hours.

（三）聊天

(3) chat

城市化进程不断加快，大量的农村青年人纷纷进城，农村逐渐出现了空巢化和老龄化。农村留守老人在默默操劳的同时，还要承受内心里对子女的思念、生活的压力以及孤独和寂寞的煎熬。聊天可以让老人增强自信、乐观开朗，适当消除农村老人孤独、紧张、害怕等不利情绪，因此，许多农村老人把聊天视为自己一大爱好。农村老人与子女面对面交流的时间减少，他们聊天的对象一般局限在街坊邻居中与自己情况类似的同伴，当遇到不顺心的事或感到寂寞难耐时，相互倾诉成为他们的一大娱乐方式。

With the accelerating of urbanization, a large number of rural young people rushed to the town, the countryside gradually appeared empty nest and aging. Rural rear old man in silent and work at the same time, also want to bear children miss in the heart, the pressure of the life and the loneliness and loneliness. Chat can let old man confidence, optimistic and cheerful, appropriate to eliminate the rural old man lonely, nervous, afraid of bad mood, so, many of the rural elderly chat as its a big hobby. Face-to-face time reduce rural elderly and children, they chat object is generally limited in the neighbourhood with their similar companion, when goes wrong things or feel so lonesome, talk to each other to become one of their big entertainment.

（四）参加宗教活动

(4) to participate in religious activities

在物质生活日见丰富的今天，农村的精神文化生活缺乏，农民除了日出而作，日入而息，精神文化生活无所寄托。他们的富余时间，尤其是老年人的时间愈显得富足，由于缺乏精神寄托，许多人就痴迷于一些宗教活动。其表现有两个：一是参与正规宗教活动。宗教具有精神寄托等功能，特别是对农村老人更是如此。他们通过参加宗教活动，交流感情、消除孤独，使精神生活得到了充实。二是参与封建迷信活动。近年来，封建迷信活动在中国农村表现得很突出，特别是一些文化素质低的农村老人便深受影响。其表现为：不惜钱财修庙建寺；测八字、看风水；婚丧嫁娶择吉日；遇病逢灾要进香拜佛，把自己美好希望的实现建立在对神的膜拜中。凡此种种，不一而足。农村老人迷信所带来的一大后果就是容易上当受骗。有些不法分子就利用农村老人迷信的弱点，进行诈骗而屡屡得逞。

In today's material life became more and more rich, spiritual and cultural life in rural areas lack of farmers in addition to the sunrise, sunset, rootless spirit culture life. Their spare time, especially the elderly time are greatly rich, due to a lack of spirit, a lot of people obsessed with some religious activities. Its performance has two: one is to participate in normal religious activities. Religion has a spiritual function, especially for rural elderly. By taking part in religious activities, communicate emotion, eliminate loneliness, enrich spiritual life gets. The second is to participate in the activities of feudal superstition. In recent years, the feudal superstition in rural China, especially some low cultural quality of rural elderly deeply influence. Its performance is: adding at money repairing the temple; Eight, to see feng shui; Weddings, pick an auspicious day; Meet every disaster to visit pay, hope myself implementation based on the worship of god. All this, to name but a few. One of the great consequences of rural elderly superstition is gullible. Some criminals make use of the rural elderly superstition weaknesses, scams and tactics perfected.

（五）赶集

(5) market

在农村，“集”是指有固定日期开放的、为方便买卖活动而设的几个固定的市场。赶集，就是到集市上买东西、卖东西或者玩耍。由于农村缺少大型超市、公园、文化馆等基础设施，集市便成了农村人必不可少的地方，赶集便是他们十分热衷的活动。特别是对于空巢化和老龄化日趋明显的当今农村，那些老人们平日很少娱乐，有时想说话也找不到人。待到赶集这一日，他们不仅可以买卖一些生活必需品或农副产品，满足基本生活的需要，而且还能欣赏到一些具有民族风味和地方气息的民间艺术表演。当很多农村老人都来到集市上时，还不可避免地会遇到一些熟人，三三两两聊聊天、打打牌，满足他们对社会交往的需求。中国一些农村如关中、川西等将宗教资源与经济活动结合起来举办了庙会活动，每逢庙会之日，农村老人纷纷赴会（当地人叫“朝庙子”），先烧香，再观看表演，累了就捐少量现金或实物就可解决饮食问题，有吃有玩有消遣，因而引发了农村老人的欢迎。老人特别是老年妇女特别喜爱朝庙子，大多数老年妇女宁可省吃俭用，也要每月至少朝两次庙子。这些庙会的发起人和主要参与者都是农村老人，他们并不富裕，之所以如此热心，是因为他们能在这些活动中找到精神慰藉，获得社会地位。

In the countryside, "set" refers to a fixed date open, for the convenience of business activities and

several fixed market. The fair, is to the market to buy things, sell things or to play. Because rural lacks large supermarkets, parks, cultural centers and other infrastructure, market became rural people indispensable place, market activity is they are very keen. Especially for the increasingly obvious in today's rural empty nest and aging, the old people who seldom entertainment, sometimes want to also can not find people to speak. Stay on the market that day, they can buy and sell some necessities or agricultural and sideline products, not only satisfy the basic living needs, but also enjoy some ethnic and local flavor of folk art performances. When a lot of rural old man came to the fair, also will inevitably encounter some acquaintances, the 3322 chat, play CARDS, to meet their need for social interaction. Some of China's rural such as guanzhong, western sichuan combine religious resources and economic activities held in the temple fair, on the day of the temple fair, the rural elderly have arrived (locals call "the temple"), to burn incense, to watch the performances, tired will donate a small amount of cash or in-kind can solve the problem of eating, have to eat to play with myself and thus cause the rural elderly. Old man especially older women favorite dynasty temple son, most of the older women would rather save, also want to at least two times a month temple son. The temple fair of the originator and the main participants are the rural elderly, they are not rich, so enthusiastic, because they can find spiritual consolation in these activities, access to social status.