美国大学的写作课是怎么上的

美国大学的写作课是怎么上的
美国大学的写作课是怎么上的

美国大学的写作课是怎么上的?

老师最看重学生会不会思考

作者:鲁林希

刚来到圣路易斯华盛顿大学的时候,其宴挺沮丧的,被丢迸了“Writing for 8econd lauguage wriler”(用第二语言写)的课里。其实我的心里是明白的,因为相比于那些在美国念高中或者在外国语学校读书的同学,自己对于英语的把握实在是不够娴熟。我没有办法写出很漂亮的句子,用很高深的词语,甚至连很多基本的语法小错误都会频繁出现。

而在教育课上,我看到自己的论文只有B的时候,也是万分沮丧,并且自以为是地觉得自己一定是在语言的运用上不够熟练。我和朋发抱怨,要是自已是native apeakcr(当地人),分数一定比他们高很多。但是当我拿到了细节成绩单的时候,我很讶异地发现自已在orkWnimiiun(文章结构)的部分居然一分都没有缺。而被扣分的原因是文章的思考不够全面,找的资料也不够全面,不够严谨。后来很无意识地瞥到了身边美国孩子的分数,她的语言运用和文章结构、逻辑部分的得分居然都比我要低很多!

在沮丧之佘,我也很迷惑。说实话,我在出国之前写英语文章,通常是字斟句酌地把词语改得足够华丽。我也一直认为,好的写作是语言的华丽,词汇的丰富。

所以,当我第一天坐进进写作课课堂上的时候,我就下定决心,这堂课的目标,就是写出漂亮的句子,娴熟的文字。当我期望着老师给我们大量的经典文章阅读,给我们词汇和句型参考的时候,课堂大纲的内容却完全超乎了我的想象——这并不是一堂教你怎么写文字的课,而是一堂真正教你怎么思考的课。

课上,老师告诉我们,当你对于一个事物进行论证的时候,为了增加它的说服力,客观的统计数据是最有利的方法。他告诉我们,我们应该对所有可能反驳的观点进行论证,我们应该学会换位思考,去思考读者所考虑的问题。尤其是当我们对一件事物进行争辩的时候,我们应当对我们争辩的词汇本身进行定义。

譬如说“谋杀”,人人都觉得自己清楚地知道什么是谋杀,可是,究竟什么是“谋杀”呢?同学给出了这样的定义:谋杀就是有预谋的,并非无意识的杀人。老师又问,那么,死刑的执行算不箅谋杀呢?为了减轻爱人的痛苦而执行安乐死算不算谋杀呢?

老师告诉我们,当我们没有在写作的一开始僦对这些我们所要讨论的基本词汇做定义的时候,很有可能从一开始,我们的思路和读者的思维就已经脱节了。论证的时候,一定要全面,一定要囊括所有的细节。

我们的第一篇作业,就是对一位作家抗议机场用人体扫描仪的文章进行评析。老师让我们不是评析他的句子有多么华美,语言有多么流畅,而是看他的逻辑有没有漏洞,他的数据是否运用恰当,他的论证能不能获得读者的共鸣,他的思考有没有全面性。

在我看来,这堂课远远不止于写作了,如果放在中国,这是一堂绝妙的思维课。但是美国人很习惯地在普通的学科里传授这样严谨的思维方式。我忽然明白对于美国教授来说,语言的华丽,例汇的丰富本来就是次要的东西。只要做到基本的语法正确,词汇恰当,那么他们关注的永远都是内容,你的思考。

仔细想想自己,认认真真地开始这种带有思考的写作,也不过是这几年事情,议论的题材在大学之前更是从来没有触及过。如今才明白中国孩子和美国孩子们最大的差距其实并不在于文字,而是在于思考。

怪不得美国老师、孩子们听说中国大学不需要上写作的时候,表现出万分讶异的神情。“wrilirig evcrywhcre!(写作无处不在)”他们说。的确,“Thinking is everywherc(思考无处不在)”这样意义上的写作课确实是必不可少的。

最后,我想用我的写作教授对我说的话作为结尾。“我能看出来你是个很娴熟的作者,因为你的逻辑和结构都非常不错。一种语言的运用取决于时间,取决于你在那个文化背景中

待了多久,所以并不需要着急,但是逻辑和思维才是个好的作者最不能缺乏的东西。”(《都市快报》2013.11.21A14版,作者是杭州女孩,学习经历:高中就读杭二中,目前是美国圣路易斯华盛顿大学大一学生,学习心理和经济专业)

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