重点高中英语语法之名词性从句
重点高中英语语法之名词性从句
————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：
2
3
高中英语语法之名词性从句
第一节 基本知识与基本概念
【什么是名词性从句？】
上一章，我们了解的是定语从句，加上我们以前了解的宾语从句和状语从句，好像“名词性从句”这个概念本身就和我们所熟知的概念不是一路货色。没错。请看下表：
根据从句在句子中的功能分
根据从句的性质分 定语从句
形容词性从句 主语从句
名词性从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
状语从句 副词性从句
只是，在平时老师讲课时，形容词性从句和副词性从句并没有形成气候罢了。相比之下，名词性从句由于“家丁兴旺”而大行其道。但是，作为学生，我们有必要了解这些基本概念的来龙去脉。
【主语从句】
顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it 代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如:
What I saw was beyond any verbal description.
That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit.
Why the company denied the contract is still unknown.
When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion.
It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing.
It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received.
【宾语从句】
在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句，应该问题不大。所以在近年的高考题中，以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。但是，宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，如介词的宾语，形容词的宾语，宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。如：
We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests.
He told the police in detail what he saw and heard.
Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years.
That will depend on whether they can get the chance.
Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment.
The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again.
【表语从句】
表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。如：
The only question left is how often the workers are paid.
His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating.
【同位语从句】
从脸谱上看，同位语从句最为麻烦。因为它们也是出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。有点像定语从句。这个点是许多学生容易混淆的地方。但是，只有我们能把握住关键，即：定语从句的先行词在从句中必须作一个成分，并且这个成分应该是个空白，也就是说，定语从句必须缺少成分。这一点恰恰是同位语从句所不能做到的。同位语从句前面的名词在从句中是没有位置的。况且，也不是所有的名词后面都会跟同位语从句，只有那些“有内容的名词”才需要解释。如fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt等。如：
That fact that the policeman didn’t fire at the man at all was ignored.
Do you have any idea what is going on in the classroom.
The possibility that we can work at home makes everybody excited.
尽管同学们在这个方面有诸多问题，但好消息还是有的，在新出台的《山东省高考考试说明》中，同位语从句不在必考的名单之中。大家可以放心了。
【连接代词、连接副词和连接词】
通过以上介绍，我们可以看出，四种名词性从句都需要有一个连接性词在从句的开头。这个词是什么性质，要看它在从句中作作的成分，如果作的是主语、宾语、表语的话，这个词就是连接代词；如果作的是各种状语，就叫连接副词；如果不作任何成分，就叫连接词。如下表：
连接词that, if, whether
引导名词性从句
的连接词连接代词who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever,
whoever
连接副词when, where, how, why
第二节考点分类解析
【考点一：语序问题】
名词性从句的语序问题一直断断续续地在各地高考题目中出现，由此可见其重要性。其实说来非常简单易记：永远陈述语气。即名词性从句中不会出现助动词提前的现象。如：
Who he is doesn’t matter much.
When and where we shall have the sports meet is a question.
I don’t know what his name is.
I don’t know what is wrong with him. = I don’t know what is the matter with him.
You can’t imagine how excited I was at that time.
4
Can you tell me what size shoes you wear?
No one can be sure ______ in a million years. （MET1991）
A. what will man look like
B. what man will look like
C. man will look like what
D. what look will man like
答案：B。这个题就是典型的考查宾语从句的语序问题。根据以上所述，应该是陈述语序。所以A、C 两个选项就不可能了。而D选项明显不符合我们的语言习惯。
【考点二：that和what的区别问题】
能引导名词性从句的关系代词有who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever八个。为何单独讲what的用法呢？重要！在考试中出现的频率高！在本书第一章《定语从句》中，我们提到过，what是不能引导定语从句的。定语从句中如果缺少的成分是主语、宾语、表语，我们选择的是关系代词that或其他。现在山头换了，到了名词性从句的知识范围了。What在名词性从句中就很有用武之地了。还是分析成分，what 在从句中作的主语、宾语、表语。而that只是一个“连接词”，既不作什么成分，也没有什么意义。如:
What you did doesn’t agree with what you promised.
What he couldn’t understand was why his teacher was never satisfied with him.
The matter of salary is what I care most if I decide to change my profession.
What we can’t get always seems better than what we have already got.
I think that your composition is no better than his.
That you don’t love her is not my business.
What we have seen is different from _______.
A. we heard
B. we have heard
C. what we heard
D. what we have heard
答案：D。我们应该可以看出这是个宾语从句。从句中hear是个及物动词，缺少宾语。所以，应该选有what引导的从句。而不能是that或者省略了that的情况。
I couldn’t agree with ______ at the meeting.
A. that you said
B. which you said
C. all what you said
D. what you said
答案：Ｄ。与上一题相同，这也是一个考查宾语从句的题目。从句中的say是个及物动词，缺少宾语。所以，应该选择what引导的宾语从句。但是，这个题目最容易错的选
项是Ｃ。因为有些同学会认为all是先行词，而后面时what引导的定语从句。
但是，从上一章的讲解我们应该学会what是不引导定语从句的。所以，Ｃ根本就是
不存在的。
【考点三：that和whether的区别问题】
有时候，它们两个比较难以区别，因为，它们都是连接词，都在从句中不作成分。但是，它们之间最大的区别在于“意义”。即that在从句中既不作成分，也没有自己的意义；而whether就不同了。它虽然不在从句中作什么成分，但是它又意义，即“是否”。这就能够左右从句的意思，使从句所表达的意思变成一个还没有确定的因素。如：
I don’t know whether he can join us or not.
I’m sure that he can join us.
It is none of your business whether I love her.
It is none of your bu siness that I don’t love her.
5
综上所述，区分that还是whether，重要一点就是看主句需要从句表达一个什么意思，是确定的，还是不确定的；是事实还是疑问。前者选that，后者选whether。如：
I have no doubt _____ Mr. Johnson will make it here on time.
A. that
B. whether
C. why
D. when
答案：Ａ。这个题之所以选择that，就是因为前面的I have no doubt（毫无疑问），这样
的主句已经不再需要从句表达什么“是否”了。
No one can be sure _____ the board will accept our conditions.
A. that
B. whether
C. why
D. what
答案：Ｂ。这个题中的No one can be sure（没有人能肯定）就要求从句表达一个“董
事会能否接受我们的条件”的意思，而不能是一个既定的事实。
【考点四：if和whether的区别问题】
二者在引导宾语从句时都有“是否”之意。但并不是永远可以互换。一般认为，二者可
以互换的环境也只有在宾语从句中。如：
He didn’t give us explicit reply whether/if he will attend our wedding ceremony.
而在介词的宾语从句中，在主语从句中，在表语从句中，在同位语从句中，在和不定式搭配的结构中等等，习惯上只能用whether。如：
1. _______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. （1996）
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where
答案：Ｂ。这是主语从句。
2. The question of _______ they are old or young is not important.
A. which
B. whether
C. how
D. if
答案：Ｂ。这是介词of的宾语从句。
3. The question is ______ the film is worth seeing.
A. if
B. what
C. whether
D. how
答案：Ｃ。这是表语从句。
4. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.
A. if
B. when
C. whether
D. how
答案：Ｃ。这里是和不定式搭配。
5. The news _____ our team has won the match is unknown.
A. which
B. if
C. whether
D. then
答案：Ｃ。这是同位语从句，解释说明news。
值得注意的是：有些资料依然强调if不能与or not搭配的问题。过去有过这样的规定，只是在现代英语中，已经不再强调了而已。现在认为if… or not也可以接受。
【考点五：wh-词和wh-ever的区别问题】
一般认为，wh-词在引导从句时，依然保留了很大部分的疑问词的本色，所以，它们引导的从句在意思上应该表达的是一个“问题”，如：“谁？什么？何时？何地？为何？怎么？”等。而wh-ever已经没有这层色彩，不再关心这样的“问题”，而是充满了让步的意味，多有“无论．．．”之意。如：The police wanted to know who will benefit most from the old man’s death.
警方想知道谁将从老人的去世中受益最多。
6
Whoever will benefit from the old man’s death will be questioned by the police.
能从老人的去世之中受益的所有人都将受到警方的盘问。
Who will be sent to help the people in the flooded areas hasn’t been announced.
谁将被派往洪灾区去救援还没有宣布。
Whoever will be sent to work in the flooded areas will spare no effort to help
the people in need. 不管是谁被派往灾区救援都会全力以赴地帮助灾民。
【考点六：no matter wh-和wh-ever的区别问题】
二者都有“无论．．．”之意。在引导让步状语从句时确实可以互换，没有什么区别。但是，no matter wh-只能引导状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。Wh-ever则二者兼收，来去自由。由此包含与被包含的关系决定，二者同时出现而必选其一时，答案肯定是wh-ever。如：
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. (主语从句)
Whoever/ No matter who breaks the rules, he/she will be punished. (状语从句)
Don’t believe whatever he tells you. (宾语从句)
Don’t believe him, whatever/ no matter what he tells you. (状语从句)
【考点七：名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题】
先看宾语从句的虚拟语气。一般说来，如果从句作的是表示说话人某种观点、态度或要求等语气的动词的宾语时，从句中要求用should＋动词原形的虚拟语气（should经常可以省略）。这些动词常见的有：desire, demand, require, request, order, propose, command, advise, suggest等。如：例：He insisted that she （should）spend more time studying.
He demanded that we （should）be on time.
The boss required that all waiters (should) keep standing all day long.
The publishing house suggested that I (should) type my book out.
有两个特例是高中老师不愿意错过的。那就是suggest和insist。它们俩后面的宾语从句是否用虚拟语气还要看具体语境来定。如：
The doctor suggested that I had a cold。
(这个suggest的意思是“解释，说明”。后面不用虚拟语气)
The big smiles on her face suggested that she had passed the test.
(这个suggest的意思是“表明”。后面不用虚拟语气)
The doctor suggested that I (should) stay in bed for a few day.
(这个suggest的意思是“建议”。后面用虚拟语气)
The young man insisted that he was well enough to serve in the army.
(这个insist坚持的是一个事实不是一种观点。后面不用虚拟语气)
That young man insisted that he should be sent to the front.
(这个insist坚持的是一种观点，即“他应该被派往前线”。后面用虚拟语气) 以上是宾语从句中的虚拟语气现象。如果是其他三种名词性从句，只要和上述动词有关，也享受同样的待遇。如：
The headquarter s’ suggestion is that we (should) wait for another few days. (表语从句)
His order that all the soldiers (should) swim across the river was refused. (同位语从句)
7
It is strongly recommended that you (should) take a taxi. (主语从句)
另外，在下面这几个特殊的句型中，后面的主语从句也用虚拟语气。
a. It is important/ necessary/ natural/ a wonder/ essential（必要的）/suggested that…should do…如：
It is important that you （should）be on time.
It is necessary that you (should) exercise regularly.
b. I wish that … did…. 如：
I wish I were a bird.
I wish one day I could live on the moon.
c. I’d rather that… did…如：
I’d rather you did it yourself.
I’d rather I hadn’t lent you that bicycle yesterday.
【考点八：宾语从句的反意疑问句的问题】
众所周知，反意疑问句是由句子的谓语和主语的代词形式共同构成。如：
He is ignorant, isn’t he?
He isn’t strong, is he?
但是，如果前面的句子中含有宾语从句，怎么办？答案是一定针对主句的主语、谓语。如：You know he is ignorant, don’t you?
I told you he isn’t strong, didn’t I?
有一种例外，当主句的主语是I,且谓语动词是表示观点的动词如think, believe, suppose, expect, am afraid等时，就只能针对从句反问了。因为没有人会对自己的观点吗上进行反诘。如：
I think he is ignorant, isn’t he?
I believe he isn’t strong, is he?
【考点九：it在名词性从句中的作用问题】
代词it的用法有很多。但近几年的高考关注的却比较集中，即it作为普通回指代词的用法和在名词性从句中作形式宾语和形式主语的用法。如：
作形式主语：
It worried me a bit that he didn’t phone.
It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date.
It doesn’t matter when you arrive--- just come when you can.
It wasn’t clear to anyone why he didn’t come.
It was surprising how many unhappy marriages there are.
作形式宾语：
I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.
I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
I think it important that we should keep calm.
Don’t take it for granted that your parents should do everything for you.
He doesn’t want it to be known that he’s going away.
You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.
8
【考点十：主语从句和强调句型的混淆问题】
从表面上看，it作形式主语的主语从句有时候和强调句型有些相似。如：
It is impossible that we can persuade him to join us. (主语从句)
It is with Tom’s help that we were able to persuade him to join us. (强调句型)
其实，强调句型其实很简单，即在It is/was 与that之间放上我们想要强调的某个句子成分。大部分考题都是考查that的选择问题。即考查考生判断某句是否是强调句型的问题。这个看似容易的问题在出题人的多种变化之下有时也会变得很令人头疼。下面是几种常见的出题形式：1．基本式：
It was on the top of the mountain that we met the foreign tourist.
2. 一般疑问句式：
Was it on the top of the mountain that you met the foreign tourist?
3. 特殊疑问句式：
Where was it that you met the foreign tourist?
4．复合句式：
Can you tell me where it was that you met the foreign tourist?
5．套定语从句式：
It was in the house which was built by his father that he was born.
6. 套定语从句加省略式：
--- Where did you meet the foreign tourist?
--- It was in the hotel where we lived (that we met the foreign tourist).
判断一个句子是否是强调句型是个关键。这里重要思路是当去掉强调句型、各个成分各归其位以后，该句子是否还成立。下面几个例子就不是强调句型：
It was not yet seven o’clock when he came back last night.
因为，*He came back last night not yet seven o’clock.就不是个正确的句子。
--- I heard that Tom was once almost drowned. When was that?
--- It was in 2000 when he was swimming in a pool.
同理，*He was swimming in a pool in 2000. 从逻辑上看也不成立。因为，我们不可能一整年都在游泳。
第三节巩固练习
（一）、【夯实基础】
1. America was ________ was called “India” by Columbus.
A. that
B. where
C. what
D. the place
2. --- I’d like to invite you to a co ncert this evening.
--- Thank you, but ______ I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.
A. while
B. if
C. when
D. whether
3.I kept looking at the man, wondering ______________.
A. whether I have seen him before
B. where I had seen him before
C. that I had seen him before
D. when I had seen him before
9
4.You have not yet answered my question ________ I can join in the party tonight.
A. whether
B. if
C. which
D. that
5. Information has been put forward _______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into
universities.
A. while
B. that
C. when
D. as
6. A computer can only do _______ you have instructed it to do.
A. how
B. after
C. what
D. when
7. It is a common belief _______ teenagers today know about computers and are familiar ______ using them in all aspects of life.
A. that; out
B. what; with
C. that; with
D. what; about
8.Don’t leave for tomorrow _______ you can do today.
A. if
B. what
C. that
D. unless
9. Was it because it rained yesterday ______ he didn’t come?
A. why
B. when
C. then
D. that
10. ______ all the inventions have in common is ______ they have succeeded.
A. What; what
B. That; that
C. What; that
D. That; that
11. --- What clothes should we wear to attend the ball?
--- Dress _______ you like.
A. what
B. however
C. whatever
D. how
12. ________ has ridden on a railway train knows how _____ another train flashes by when it is traveling in the opposite direction.
A. Anyone who; rapid
B. Whoever; rapidly
C. Anything; rapid
D. Whatever; rapidly
13. We believe _______ you have devoted yourself ________ sure to come true.
A. that; is
B. all that; to be
C. that all; are
D. what; to is
14. You may give the film ticket to _______ you think needs it.
A. no matter who
B. whomever
C. whoever
D. no matter whom
15. Was it in 1998, when he was still at middle school, ______ this boy became expert at computer?
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. that
16. It was ______ he came to Macao ______ he knew what kind of place it was.
A. that; when
B. until; that
C. not until; when
D. not until; that
17. All finished, we sat down to enjoy ______ we thought the most delicious dinner.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. it
18. It was not until he explained it a second time _______ it.
A. when we understood
B. that we understood
C. did we understand
D. that did we understand
19. The Beaches held _____ they called “family day” once each year.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. when
20. --- How did he fail the examination?
--- It was because he was too careless _______ he made so many mistakes.
10
最新高中英语语法定语从句总复习
高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
高中英语语法重点难点回顾
高中英语语法重点难点回顾 ?主谓一致常考难题： Five minuｔes iｓ enougｈｔo do this exerｃise．?Ｅａch boy anｄ each girl ｗants to servｅｔｈe people ｉn fuｔuｒe.?More thａn one stｕｄｅnt haｓ se ｅn ｔhe film. ?Mａny a ship has been daｍageｄ in tｈｅ stoｒm.?More members than ｏnｅａre against yoｕr ｐlaｎ.?一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式：gｌasseｓ, cｌoｔheｓ, troｕｓers，ｓhoes, comｐasse ｓ， chｏpsticks, ｓciｓsors等。 但如果主语用a kｉnd oｆ, ａｐaiｒ oｆ， a series of等加名词构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。A ｐair ｏｆ sｈoes was on tｈe desk． 并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时ａnd 后面的名词没有冠词。例如： Trutｈａnd hｏnｅsty is tｈｅ best poliｃy.?The girl’ｓteacｈer ａnd fri ｅｎｄ iｓ a ｙoｕnｇ doctor. To lovｅ and tｏｂｅｌｏveｄ is thｅ gｒeat hａｐpiness.?Goinｇｔo ｂeｄe ａrlｙａnd getｔｉng ｕp earlｙｉｓ a gooｄｈａｂit．?A knifｅanｄf ｏrk ｉs oｎｔｈｅtablｅ. 当主语后面跟有ａs wｅlｌａs, aｓｍuch ａｓ , no ｌess than, alonｇwith， w ｉｔｈ，ｌike, rａthｅr than, ｔogetheｒ witｈ, but, eｘceｐt, ｂesｉdes，ｉｎcｌuding, ｉn ａddiｔion ｔo等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如: The ｔeaｃheｒａs wｅll as ｔｈe studeｎts ｗas exciｔed.?Tｈe room with its furnitｕｒe was reｎtｅd.?Ａ (grｅａt）ｎumber ｏf修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a gｒeat deal of,a largｅａmount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 关系代词wｈｏ, that, ｗhicｈ等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如： Ｔhｏse whｏ want ｔo go pｌease sign youｒ namｅs here. Somｅ oｆ the eｎｅｒgｙ thａt ｉs used by man cｏmｅs fｒom thｅｓun． 季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称,球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠1/2 one(a）hａlf 1/4 one(ａ）ｑuarter 词。? 形容词的顺序: 系动词be，grow，get，becoｍｅ，fｅel，appear,provｅ,ｓeｅm,look,ｋeep，smell，t ａste,soｕnd,ｔurn,remaｉn限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词＋大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料?Tｈoｓe tｈree beautiｆul laｒｇe squ ａｒe oｌd bｒｏwn wooｄtaｂｌe?某些以a－开首的形容词例如:ａｆraｉｄ,ａliｋe，alone，asｌｅeｐ，awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。 某些以－ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：fｒiｅｎdｌy，liｖｅlｙ, loveｌy，lｏnely，likely,dｅadｌy,siｌｌｙ，orderlｙ, ｔimely等。?1）close接近地 clｏseｌy仔细地,密切地?2）ｆｒeｅ免费地ｆreｅly自由地,无拘束地 3)harｄ努力地 hardlｙ几乎不 4)lａte 晚，迟lately 近来?5)most 极，非常ｍostｌy主要地?6）widｅ广阔地，充分地 wideｌy广泛地?７)ｈiｇｈ高 hｉghｌy高度地,非常地 ８)deｅp深,迟 deeｐｌy抽象意义的“深”
高中英语语法系列：定语从句
高中英语语法系列：定语从句 知识要点 1.关系代词和关系副词的选用 2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 3.几组的关系词特殊用法 一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The happy man who lives next to me sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything. 引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词和关系副词。比如who,whom,that,which,wh ere,when,why等 关系词三重作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中担任句子成分。 The man who lives next to me sells vegetables. 该句中，who lives next to me是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系词 引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词w here,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
1.用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句 who指人，用作主语 whom指人，用作宾语 which指物，用作主语、宾语皆可 that指人和物，用作主语、宾语皆可 The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou. Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious. 2.用关系代词whose引导的定语从句： 先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子 The room whose window faces south is mine. 3.用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 (1)when在从句中作时间状语 October lst,1949is the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of Chin a was founded. (2)where在从句中作地点状语 I recently went to the town where(=in which)I was born. (3)why在从句中作原因状语 The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed the train.
高中英语语法状语从句归纳总结
状语从句一． 二．分类：
adv.+that （如此……以致） so that （结果……） such+n.+that （如果……以致） that （所以，因此） 让步状语从句： though/although 不可同but 连用。 though/although （虽然） however （可是） even though/if （即使） no matter+what/which/where/who/when =whatever/whichever/wherever/whoever/whenever （不论什么/哪一个/哪里/谁/何时） 比较状语从句： as （正如） as…as （和……一样） not as/so … as （不如……） than （比……更） the+比较级…+the+比较级 （越……越……） 条件状语从句： if （假设） unless （如果不） so long as （只要） on condition that （如果） 方式状语从句： as （像……那样地） just as （正像） as if （好像） as though （好像） 三． 四． 各种状语从句的简化方法：
1． 2．以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于after/before+doing sth. 作状语。 例：After she sang，she left the rich man's house．= After singing，she left the rich man's house．3． 4．以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于on+doing sth.,作状语，此时的动词为非延续性动词。 例：Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village． = Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village． 5． 6．时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。 例：She stopped when she saw her husband．= She stopped to see her husband． If you want to understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． = To understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． 7． 8．结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。 例：He was so tired that he couldn't go any further．= He was too tired to go any further． I came here so that I could ask some questions．= I came here(in order) to ask some questions．9． 10．以when，while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于when/while/if +doing sth.作状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例：When he turned on the radio，he found it broken．= When turning on the radio，he found it broken．While she was walking along the street，she was hit by a car．= While walking along the street，she was hit by a car． 11．原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语。 例：Since l didn't know Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English．= Not knowing Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English． 注意：形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语，来代替原因状语从句，放在句首、句末均可，但一般应加逗号。 例：As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house． = Thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house． 12．在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中，若从句和主句主语不一致时，可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with/without名词或代词十分词(短语)”形式作状语。 例：When the film start appeared, the children got exited．= The film start appearing，the children got exited． If all the work is done, you can have a rest．= With all the work done，you can have a rest． Nothing can live if there is no air．= Nothing can live without air．
高中英语非限定性定语从句语法归纳
非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句，尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。 如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。 如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。 如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。
高中英语语法复习之三大从句
三大从句 定语从句 1.The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. 2. The girl who is making a speech right now is our monitor. 3. The vase that I broke yesterday was very expensive. 4. The boy who helped you yesterday is my neighbour. 5. That's just the topic that I'm very interested in. 6. He is just the boss who gave me that valuable opportunity. 7. I like the cake which you bought yesterday. 8. He is the teacher who helped me. 9. We all like that speaker who is very humorous. 10. The old lady whose two daughters are both teachers is our neighbour. 11. She is the girl whom I met at the party. 12. There are occasions when one must yield. 13.Beijing is the place where I was born. 14.Is this the reason why he refused our offer? 15. His father died the year when he was born. 16.He is unlikely to find the place in which he lived forty years ago. 17. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 18.This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 19. He has finished the difficult exercise, which is easy for you. 20.None of us know the reason for which Tom was absent from the meeting. (why = for which ). 只用that不用which的情况 ①先行词指物且含有不定代词(all, little, few, much, everything, anything等) Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? All that Lily told me seems untrue. ②先行词被the only, the very, the right, any, every, some, no, just等修饰 This is the very bus that I am waiting for. The only thing that we can do is to lend you some money. ③先行词含有最高级或含有序数词时，如： This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. What is the most interesting film that you have ever seen? ④先行词既有人又有物
高中英语语法知识点总结
高中英语语法知识点总结 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1、The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains、 A、 which was B、 it was C、 which were D、 them were 【陷阱】 容易误选A或B，将 A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】 最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops、 A、 which is B、 it is
C、 which are D、 them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are 2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A、 that B、 which C、 where D、 what
高中英语语法_状语从句练习30题及详解
1. Tim is in good shape physically he doesn't get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as 2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless 3. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she got to her office． A．since B．that C．when D．until* m John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since 6. Today, we will begin ________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. when B. where C. how D. what 7. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since 8. My parents don’t mind what job I do I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 9. You can’t borrow books from the s chool library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as 10. All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for
高中英语语法表语从句详解素材
定义 表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，从句作的是主语的表语成分。 A The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人困惑 主语,连系动词,形容词作表语 The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪. 主语连系动词一个句子作表语---表语从句 B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,whether,how.whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等 He has become a teacher. 他已经成为一名教师。 He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。 She has remained there for an hour. 她曾在那里停留了一个小时。 She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour. 她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。 His suggestion is good. 他的建议是好的。 His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。 The question is confusing. 这个问题令人困惑. The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。 Who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。 Why he cried yesterday. 昨天他为什么哭。 How I can persuade her to join us in the party. 我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。 Whether the enemy is marching towards us. 是否敌人正向我们行进. 注意 A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。 引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether
(完整版)高中英语语法专项训练.--状语从句
高中英语语法专项训练----状语从句 1.Don’t be afraid of asking for help _______ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 2. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 3. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. while 4 You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway. A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless 5.“Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?” “Yes. He had never praised him _______ he became one of the top students in his grade.” A. after B. unless C. until D. when 6. _____ I suggest, he always disagrees. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whoever 7. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them. A. where B. in which C. at D. for them 8. _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. A. Wherever B. However C. Whichever D. Whoever 9. Mary clapped her hand over her mouth _______ she realized what she had said. A. while B. as soon as C. suddenly D. then 10.________ her faults, she’s Arnold’s mother. Don’t be so rude to her.
高中英语语法之四种名词性从句
四种名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)讲解与练习 ◆学习宾语从句 学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法(直接引证变间接引语也在 宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句(主从、表从、同位从)做铺垫，连词、语序、时态基本相同，只是后三种考点相对宾.语从句少的多，主要是对连词的应用进行考查。所以学好宾语从句是必要的。 宾语从句三注意三特殊 一注意:注意引导词(连词) 由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that 在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由 一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what, when，where 等。 Eg：Tom says(that)he will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京 二注意:注意从句语序. 宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。 Can you tell me what he is doing能告诉我他正在做什么吗? <特别提醒>当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。 Eg：Do you know what makes him so angry? 你知道什么事使他如此生气吗？ <特别提醒>如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在.时态。 Eg：Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon. 老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。 ◆主语从句(与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。只是不能用if, that 不可省;) (一)、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。 (二)，主语从句的特点 1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if不能用; 1)、陈述句用that。 2)、一般疑问句用whether。 3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how等词引导。 2.以it为形式主语出现 Eg：1.It's true that the earth is round. That the earth is round is true. 2.表是否的意思时，不能用if代替whether. It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not. Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided. 3.从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。 Why didn't he come? Why he didn't come is not known. （三）特殊疑问词变化 Whoever=no matter who=any one who Whomever=no matter who=any one who
高中英语语法知识点(可编辑修改word版)
高中英语知识点扫描大全最新 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1.The factory was built in a secret place, around high mountains. A.which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【陷阱】容易误选A 或B，将A、B 中的which 和it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）： (1)Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around some fruit shops. A.which is B. it is C. which are D. them are (2)The murder happened in an old building, beside the city police station. A.which are B. it is C. which is D. them are (3)Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A.which are B. it is C. which is D. them are 2.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A.that B. which C. where D. what 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为around 是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around 的宾语。 【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C 的理由是：句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？ 3.David is such a good boy all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。 【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such … that…，句末的动词like 缺宾语。选C 的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as 在定语从句中用作动词like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like 后有自己的宾语him：David is such a good boy all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 请再做以下试题（答案选D）： It was not such a good dinner she had promised us. A. like B. that C. which D. as 4.The buses, most of were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A.that B. it C. them D. which 【陷阱】容易误选C，用them 代指the buses。 【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D： (1)His house, for (2)Ashdown forest, through he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that B. it C. them D. which we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer. A.that B. it C. them D. which
高中英语语法状语从句 归纳总结
状语从句 一．分类： 种类连接词注意区别： 时间状语when/whenever/while/as/before/after/instantly /until/till/by the time/as soon as/hardly…when /no sooner…than/the moment/the minute/immediately 有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句： the?minute,?the?moment,?every?time,?the?first?time 例：The?moment?he?reached?the?country,?he?started?his? search. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。 有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句： directly 例：Directly?the?master?came?in,?everyone?was?quiet. 校长一进来，?大家就安静下来 as和when、while： as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于主句 之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或while。从 示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。 till/until和not…till/until： until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 地点 状语 where//wherever where，表示某一个；wherever，表示任何一个。 原因状语Because/as/since/now that/for because和since、for、as、now that： because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提 问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或si 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断 只能用for。now that都表示“既然”now that一定要是现在 的，since可以是现在，也可以是过去和现在。 条件状语if/unless/once/in case/as long as/on condition that 多用一般时态，如果表示一般将来的情况，就用一般现在时 果表示过去将来的情况，就用一般过去时。 目的状语(so) that,/in order that/for fear that/in case/lest so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情 词 结果状语so…that, such…that 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰 或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可 示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配 比较 状语 Than/not so//as…as//the more…the more Your watch is not the same as his.(the same as结构)方式 状语 as if, as though, as, (just)as---so，as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。 让步状语 Though/although/even if/even though/ as//, no matter what/who/which/how/when，whatever/whoever /whichever/however/whenever ，whether---or---（不管---- 都） as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正 序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用 时间状语从句：