跨文化交际考试样卷

跨文化交际考试样卷

I.Understanding terms （20%）

Directions: Match each of the terms in Column A with its corresponding definition or explanation in Column B. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET II.

Column A Column B

1. low-context culture A. a culture in which information is

contained in the verbal code, and the

message is stated clearly and

explicitly without depending on the

context of the communication or the

participants

2. the Spir-Whorf hypothesis B. a type of cultural change that results

from continuous firsthand contact between two distinct cultural groups

3. ethnocentrism C. the study of how people use,

structure, interpret, and understand

time

4. power distance D. a hypothesis first advanced by two

American linguists, which holds that

the structure of a language affects

the ways in which its speakers are

able to conceptualize their world, i.e.

their world view

5. acculturation E. the belief that one’s own culture is the

best and all other cultures are inferior.

6. chroxemics F. the degree to which the culture

accepts the unequal distribution of

power

7. cultural pattern G. a circumstance in which a new

component of identity is

incompatible with an existing one 8. identity conflict H. the troublesome feelings such as

depression, loneliness, confusion,

inadequacy, hostility, frustration, and

tension, caused by the loss of

familiar cues from the home culture 9. uncertainty

avoidance I. the norms, values, and beliefs related

to the toleration of ambiguity

10. culture shock J. the conditions that contribute to the

way in which a people perceive and

think about the world, and the manner

in which they live in that world.

II.Term translation（20%）

Section A:

Directions Write the English equivalents of the following. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET II.

1.低情景依赖型文化

2.文化内涵

3.刻板印象

4.跨文化身份

5.亚文化

Section B:

Directions Write the Chinese equivalents of the following. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET II.

1.proxemics

2.individualism

3.euphemism

4.past-oriented culture

5.acculturation strategy

Part III True or False (20%)

Directions: Mark A if the statement is True; mark B if it is False. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Shee t.

1. The iceberg model of culture implies that it is very difficult to understand a culture thoroughly.

2. Culture is innate as soon as a person is born.

3. People may sometimes get confused about his or her cultural identity.

4. Scholars prefer the term subculture to co-culture in describing a culture which exists within a dominant culture.

5. A person could be a member of several different subgroups at the same time.

6. Stereotyping is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes your experiences and guides your behavior toward a particular group of people.

7. Values are social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture. They are the innermost “skin of the onion.”

8. Ethnocentrism is the belief that somebody else’s cultural bac kground, including ways of analyzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal

and nonverbal communication, is better than our own.

9. People in the United States place a greater emphasis on history and do not like change as compared with people of Asian and Latin cultures.

10. Companies should avoid sending female employees to the Middle East, as

in Arab countries men may refuse to work with women.

11. In short, intercultural communication competence requires sufficient

awareness knowledge, motivations, and skills. Each of these components alone is sufficient to achieve intercultural communication competence.

12. People in various cultures have basically similar values.

13. People from cultures that follow the monochromic time system tend to do

one thing at a time.

14. In the U.S., a handshake should be firm, while an Asian handshake is usually gentle.

15. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in all cultures.

16. Attitude toward time and use of space convey nonverbal messages in

intercultural encounters.

17. When in another culture, an appropriate caution would be to watch the

behavior of the persons you are talking with and match their style.

18. It is generally advocated that Germany uses high-context language.

19. Knowing cultural variations in the use of silence is helpful when

conversing with persons in another culture.

20. Although oral communication varies from culture to culture, non-verbal

communication is almost always interpreted the same in each culture.

Part IV Blank Filling (10%)

Directions: Fill in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank given below. Each choice in the Word Bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words more than once. After you have decided on your choice, mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.

Communication is central to our existence. It is through ____1____ that we learn who we are, and what the world around us is like. To a large ____2____, our identity as both individual and cultural being is shaped through communication. Through this, we explore the world around us, and ____3____ bonds, networks, and relationships with other people. Communication permits us to ____4____ our thoughts and feelings to others, and to satisfy our emotional and ____5____ needs. As we learn to communicate better, we begin to achieve some measure of control over events that affect us and those around us.

There are three basic aspects to communication: our individual personality, the culture we operate in, and the physical ____6____ that surrounds us. Each of these aspects has a(n) ____7____ on what and how we communicate.

Communication is transactional. Each person encodes and sends messages, and in turn receives and decodes ____8____. The coding and decoding process is primarily culture-based and involves a diverse set of elements, including words, gestures, ____9____, values, etc.

Whether a communication is successful or not depends greatly on the circumstances. The key is whether the participants have some ____10____ cultural background, knowledge, and experiences. In cross-cultural situations, this shared area may be very small.

(Adapted from Hu Chao: Intercultural Communication ) Part V Situational Dialogues (10%)

1. Tina: Wow, look at all the things on sales. ____________

Andrew: Yes. Look, this shirt is 50% off.

Tina: And look at these shoes. They are 30% off the normal price.

A. I’d like to buy a shirt.

B. There are some real bargains.

C. Are the prices reasonable?

D. These shoes are the same as mine.

2. Customs Officer: _____________

Mrs. Johnson: No, nothing at all.

Customs Officer: No perfume, alcohol or cigarettes?

Mrs. Johnson: Well, I have 200 cigarettes; that’s all.

A. Do you have anything in the bag, ma’am?

B. Do you have anything to declare, ma’am?

C. Do you want to buy something, ma’am?

D. Is there anyth ing I can do for you, ma’am?

3. Linda: Hello. I’d like to send this package, please.

Clerk: ______________

Linda: First class. How long will that take?

Clerk: About three days.

A. How would you like to send it?

B. Which class are you in?

C. Where do you want to send it to?

D. Which class is it in?

4. James: Could I have my bill, please? Can I pay by credit card or eurocheque?

Receptionist: _____________

James: I’ll pay by credit card, then.

Receptionist: That’s fine. I hope you enjoyed your st ay here.

A. Here’s your bill.

B. Sorry, we don’t take credit card.

C. You can pay by eurocheque.

D. Yes, we take both.

5. Stan: Thank you from the bottom of my heart for saving my little girl’s life. John: ______________

Stan: I can’t tell you how much I appreciate what you’ve done.

John: I’m just happy I could help.

A. There’s nothing to be afraid of.

B. This is a wonderful day.

C. Anybody would have done the same.

D. I am glad to save her.

6. Harry: I hear you are going to get married soon.

Ron: That’s right, next June. June 21st. Can you come to the wedding? Harry: Oh! _____________ That’s when we’re away on vacation.

Ron: Never mind we’ll send you some wedding cake.

A. That’s great!

B. What a pity!

C. You have my deepest sympathy.

D. You certainly can.

7. You meet your newly-arrived American teacher again on the way to school, what could you say to greet her?

A.Hello, Mrs Webster. Pleased to meet you again.

B.Hello, Mrs Webster. Lovely to see you again.

C.Hello, Mrs Webster. I’m very happy to run into you.

D.Hello, Mrs Webster. Are you having a walk around the campus?

8. You and some of your classmates wish to visit your American teacher. What could you say to the teacher to make the arrangements for the visit?

A.We’d like to come and visit you, and were wondering when might be

convenient.

B.We are coming to visit you tomorrow afternoon.

C.Please tell us when you are free. We want to visit you.

D.We’d like to visit you. Could we come tomorrow afternoon?

9. A westerner has invited you to dinner, sayin g “Would you like to come to my home for dinner Sunday evening?”You would like to accept the invitation. How could you respond?

A. Yes, please

B. Thank you very much. I’d love to.

C. That’s very kind of you. Thank you very much.

D. Yes, I really want to.

10. You have chatted for a while with a Canadian friend over the phone and

have also arranged a time to meet. Now you decide to try and end the call when there is a pause in the conversation. What could you say next to indicate that you wish to bring the conversation to a close?

A.Right, I’ll see you Friday evening, then.

B.Well, I’d better not hold you up any longer.

C.OK, goodbye then.

D.I have nothing more to say. See you Friday evening.

Part VI Case Study (20%)

Directions:Read the following two scenarios carefully and answer the questions that follow. Analyze the cases of intercultural communication by applying related theories you have learned in this semester.

（1）

Katherine came to Beijing in 1998 and found a job as an English teacher in a foreign language institute. Soon after her classes began, she found that her students showed no interest in her teaching style. Quite a few of them avoided attending her class. She was feeling quite upset and discouraged so she decided to ask the Director, Prof. Wang, for help. Prof. Wang reviewed his timetable and suggested they meet at ten o'clock on Thursday morning. When Thursday came, Katherine arrived at Prof. Wang's office at the exactly ten o'clock finding him talking with another teacher in Chinese. Seeing that she had come, Prof. Wang smiled and gestured her to sit down. Katherine sat down and the professor excused himself and continued to talk with the other teacher. After five minutes, he finished his conversation, and apologized to Katherine, and began to focus his attention on her situation Prof. Wang shoed great concern and asked her what the problem was. Just as she was discussing her problem, another Chinese teacher interrupted, with form that required the Director's signature. The Director smiled, apologized to Katherine again, and turned to talk with the Chinese teacher in Chinese. Katherine became impatient, and wondered why their discussion should be interrupted since she had made an appointment. Also, she was upset and frustrated that they continued to speak Chinese in front of her. Although their talk continued, she was apparently unhappy about what had happened.

Questions:

1.How would you explain the Director's behavior toward Katherine?

2.How would you make the Director understand why Katherine felt

frustrated and angry?

(2)

In China, the staff who are working at the Foreign Affairs Office often get international calls from foreign teachers. Before foreign teachers come to China, they frequently ask the staff for information. The staff often tell them that they will discover everything they need to know once they arrive in China. Some foreign teachers are doubtful of that, and continue to call. The staff

repeat again and again that the Foreign Affairs Office and the teaching departments will arrange everything for them. Besides, every foreign teacher has a contact person to help with problems about teaching and daily life when they are in China.

Question:

1.What do you learn from this case? Use the theory we learned this

semester to explain your answer.

I.Understanding terms (20%, 2x1)

1. A

2. D

3. E

4. F

5. B

6. C

7. J

8. G

9. I 10. H

II.Term translation (20%, 2x1)

Section A

1.low-context culture

2.cultural connotaion

3.stereotype

4.intercultural identity

5.subculture / coculture Section B

1.空间关系学/空间语言学

2.个人主义

3.委婉语

4.过去取向（指向）文化

5.（跨）文化适应策略

III.True or false (10%, 1x1)

1-5. T F T F T 6-10. T T F F T 11-15. F F T T F 16-20. T T F T F

IV.Blank filling (10%, 1x1)

1.B) communication

2.E) extent

3.A) establish

4.F) express

5.C) material

6.D) environment

7.I) influence

8.G) messages

9.J) symbols

10.H) similar

V.Situational dialogue (10%, 1x1)

1.B B A D C 6. B A D B A

VI.Case study (20%, 10/each)

(open)