各国文化以礼仪双语

各国文化以礼仪（双语）

同步练习题

Part I True or False Statements:

Directions：The following statements are based on the passages in “British and American Cultures and Customs"．Please read and see whether each of the statements is True or False according to what you have learned from the passages．Write T or F on the left of each statement．

(10％)

1．Americans’ casual wear and behavior in routine 1ife best display their characteristic of informality． [Unit One]

2．You’d better not to ask people in the Western countries s uch questions as marriage，status，income，religious belief，or choice of voting，etc．[Unit One]

3．The British do not expect or welcome bargaining because they consider

it insensitive and offensive． [Unit One]

4．Americans do not expect you to show your courtesy in return，for they

are understanding and enjoy welcoming you and feel pleased if you accept their friendship easily． [Unit Two]

5．A host／hostess usually offers additional serving to the guests by passing the dish containing food from one person to another．

[Unit Two]

6．Americans’ preference to splitting the check fully indicates their stinginess． [Unit Two]

7．The relationship of the individuals of the opposite sex may lead to casual acquaintance， a type of friendship or a passionate involvement

or even marriage．

[Unit Two]

8．Both of the boy(man)and the girl(woman)in America have the responsibility for the expenses on the date．

[Unit Two]

9．You may miss smiles and brief conversations with people in the American cities where everyone appears in a hurry．

[Unit Three]

1 0．As Americans live in a mobile and ever—changing society in which people tend to avoid deep involvements with others，they tend to

have casual friendship．

[Unit Three]

11．When struggling for their status and wealth，Americans usually ignore

the spiritual or human aspect of life．

[Unit Three]

12．Driving in the U．S．entails not only mechanical manipulations of

an automobile，but customary styles of driving．

[Unit Three]

13．People of all classes in Britain prefer to go to pub，in which they

will have great fun and free talk in their private hours． [Unit Three]

1 4．Restaurants on campus and on the outskirts of towns attract students，drivers and motorists because they are convenient and serve large portion

of good and filling food at low prices．

[Unit Four]

1 5．The English people tend to underrate their own food and slight their cookery because their national cuisine is simple and awful．[Unit Four]

1 6．The English enthusiastic adoption of foreign food has enriched their cuisine，and they have almost made some foreign food national dishes． [Unit Four]

1 7．The tradition of holding an “Open House”on New Year’s Day was brought into America by Dutch immigrants and the customs of dressing up

in special costumes for New Year’s Day parade and eating baked ham were brought by Swedish immigrants．

[Unit Five]

1 8．The rules for the game of Easter Egg Roll are：

a)To see who can roll an egg the longest time．

b)To see who can make the egg roll without breaking it on a rough and windy road． [Unit Five]

1 9．Americans’ interest in spectator sports seems really excessive

and even obsessive to many foreign visitors． [Unit Six]

20．The American government is not allowed to operate a radio or TV station

to reach American people，because American people fear that the government might．take the advantage of media to influence voters in elections． [Unit Six]

Part II Vocabulary

Directions：There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part．For each sentence there are three choices．Choose the one that best completes the sentence．Then circle the corresponding letter you think is the right choice．(10％)

1．A person’s privacy is viewed as an individual or private property that

no one can share without permission in the U．S．

A．possession B．boundary C． territory

2．“Avoiding excess at the dinner table”is viewed as “”．which is the hallmark of the common people in the Western world．A．certainty B．modesty C． courtesy

3．In the United States，there is a widespread practice of making “small talk” in certain social situations．Small talk deals with various topics ，simply for the sake of keeping a conversation going．

A．potentially B．superficially C． essentially

4．Americans do not show visitors great of special courtesy if doing so requires much of their time．

A．amount B．quantity C．number

5．In America，dating a of members of opposite sex does not indicate frivolity on part of a man or promiscuity on part of a woman． A．category B．variety C．type

6．City people in America always appear in a hurry and tend to be impatient

if they are delayed even for a moment．They lead a fast paced life．

A．chief B．certain C．brief

7．The notable characteristics：Individualism，Informality，Casual Friendship，Time Consciousness，and Materialism best describe and practices that are common among the American people．

A．attitudes B．responses C．impressions

8．On the arrival in the U．S．，a foreign student should gain further information on local housing ,and some knowledge of types of housing, rent，utilities，facilities，transit service，etc． before signing

a contract． A．operations B．options C. 0rganlzatlons

9．Traffic accidents in the U．S．are usually considered to carelessness， or mechanical failures，and not from “fate”，“God's will"．or other forces beyond human control．

A．coincide with B．result from C．get through

10．A great number of colorful foreign words have been brought into the English language，and many foreign dishes have been adopted and anglicized since th e Great Britain’s colonial time．

A．constantly B．continually C．gradually

11．The Chinese woman found that eating American meals most ．She could neither appreciate the food prepared by the

Americans nor understand Americans’ talk and laugh after the dinner．A．troublesome B．disturbing C．elaborate

12．A New Year’s resolution is a to yourself to improve in some

way in the coming new year．

A．dedication B．determination C．demonstration

13．Easter is now a festival less and people in the Western countries celebrate it" just for fun and enjoy it with the Easter Symbols--Easter Bunny，Easter Egg，and Easter flowers．

A．tedious B．fabulous C．religious

14．On Halloween night，people dress up in different costumes，Wear ，

and yell “trick or treat! "at the doors of their neighbors’houses． A．masks B. jewels C．ornaments

15．Sports and recreation absorb a huge amount of Americans，emotion，

as well as their time．And ，money．

A．at any rate B．in some cases C．to some extent

1 6．Making noise while eating is considered as ill—bred，and a person

who does so may those who are having dinner with him／her．A．bother B．restrict C．offend

17．When invited to a dinner，you should not express your or dislike

of certain foods．Either eat it or pass it over quietly．Eat it if you

like and set it aside if you dislike it．

A．displeasure B．disapproval C．disregard

18．When purchasing a car，it is for the foreign student to be accompanied by an American who is familiar with the procedures involved，price ranges，and so forth．

A．advisable B．adequate C．acceptable

1 9．The most refined action of “please pass me the salt／pepper．”is

not about the but requires the greatest number of steps to carry It out．

A．sufficiency B efficiency C．frequency

20．President Nixon had to resign mainly because reporters for Washington Post newspaper that the president had lied when he was asked about

the Watergate burglary．

A．reflected B．released C．revealed

Part III Translation

Directions：There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part．In each sentence there a re two blanks for you to fill in with appropriate English words with the reference of the Chinese words given in the bracket．Please write your translation on each line．(10％)

1．A seIf—introduction is (一般足以)to gain acceptance into a group or join in a conversation in the U．S．[Unit One] 2．People’s behavior in public places，like their behavior anywhere else，

is (易于受到)to cultural (影响)． [Unit Two]

3．The goal of gaining core knowledge of table manners is to behave

With (谦和)and (沉着)at the dinner table．

[Unit Two]

4．Living with a host family temporarily is one of the housing options

for a foreign student before he／she finds a suitable and

(永久的住处)． [Unit Three]

5．Americans are always ready to move because they are (不安分)

and try to (追求)something new and better．

[Unit Three]

6．The Chinese woman feels an (反感)to the American fast food，such

as hot dogs，hamburgers，and sandwiches，because they are all (无

味)and smell worse． [Unit Four]

7．In the past，when kids rang the doorbell，people inside the house Were (期望／就得)to come out and give (夸赞)to the kids

'costumes and put some coins into the“trick or treat”bags．

[Unit Five]

8．The German immigrants bought the (象征物)of the Easter Bunny

to America．It was widely (忽略)by other Christians until shortly after the Civil War．

[Unit Five]

9．Although some recreational activities are costly and time and （精力消耗），most Americans think they are worthwhile．

1 0．The sports ethic is expressed in the Olympic Creed，which is not to

the most important thing in life is not the (成功的喜悦)but the

(拼搏)． [Unit Six]

Part IV Questions

Directions：Please give a brief answer to each of the following questions according to what you have learned from British and American Cultures and Customs．Write your answers under each question．(10％) 1．What do the Westerners think of the Chinese Students’excessive expression of gratitude and what is overdoing apology actually considered in the Western world? [Unit One]

2．What does the notion “Line up，and wait your turn．”reflect?

[Unit Two]

3．What is the definition of “Dutch treat”?

[Unit Two]

4．Why is American society said to “be ruled by the clock”?

[Unit Three]

5.Why does a foreign student have to pay a deposit before moving into an apartment or a house7 [Unit Three]

6．Where do middle class people in Britain prefer to go to spend their leisure hours and why? [-Unit Three]

7．Why is the United States described as a “melting pot”?

[Unit Four]

8．What do people usually do on April Fool’s Day?

[Unit Five]

9．What are the features of Thanksgiving Day?

[Unit Five]

10．Why is it said that sports business is a big business in America?

[Unit Six]

Part V Writing

Directions：In this part there are two topics “The Chinese Spring Festival"／“The Chi nese New Year” and “Stress in Life"．

Choose one of the topics and write an essay within 200 words．

Please write your composition neatly on the paper．．(10％)

A．Write something about the customs and habits Chinese people have on “The Spring Festival／The Chinese New Year” and describe how Chinese celebrate this traditional holiday．

B．Write an essay about “Stress in Life”

a) What are the sources of your stress and pressure in life?

b) What are the positive and negative effects of stress and pressure?

c) What solutions you may take to minimize your stress in life? Answers:

Part III Translation (10％)

1．normally，sufficient2．subject，influence3．graciousness／gracefulness，poise4．permanent，residence5．restless，pursue6．aversion，tasteless7．expected／supposed，praise／compliment8．symbol，ignored9．energy，consuming10．triumph，struggle

Part IV Questions(10％)

empty thanks and insincerity，an awkward behavior People are all equal and no one has the privilege of going directly to the front of a line．／American people’S aversion t o touching and being touched．3．Split the check／share the expenses／pay one’s own expenses4．Everything is done

in orderly fashion or by means of schedule．／

People are expected tO be punctual．5．for the damages during one’S occupancy／It will be available for the repair．6．To saloon bars，which are more comfortable and less crowded．7．Because of its diversity．／Because it consists of different cult tires， nationalities，beliefs and SO on．8．They play practical jokes／tricks on other people／They make good clean fun of other people without hurting／insulting／harming them．9．Family(reunion)，feast，football and friends10．Sports games require clothing，supplies，equipments that can be quite costly／surprisingly expensive，and some companies make big profits by advertising、their products on TV，newspapers， magazines，etc．

Part V Writing(10％) Directions：In this part there are two topics“The Spring Festival”／“The Chinese New Year”and“Stress in Life．“Choose one of the topics and write an essaY within 200 words．Please write your composition neatly the paper． (10％)

A．Write something about the customs and habits Chinese people

hav e on the‘“The Spring Festival’”“The Chinese New Year!”and

describe how Chinese celebrate this traditional holiday．

B．Write an essay about“Stress in Life“

a)What are the sources of your stress and pressure in life?

b)What are the positive and negative effects of stress and pressure?

c)What are solutions you can find to minimize stress in life?

Test Paper

一、True or False Statements. Please read and see whether each of

the statements is True or False according to what you have learned

from the passages．Write “T” or “ F” on the left of each statement．（本题10题 ,每题2分,共20分）

1、1．Americans’ casual wear and behavior in routine 1ife best display their characteristic of informality． [ ]

2．You’d better not to ask people in the Western countries such questions as marriage，status，income，religious belief，or choice of voting，etc．[ ]

3．The British do not expect or welcome bargaining because they consider

it insensitive and offensive． [ ]

4．Americans do not expect you to show your courtesy in return，for they are understanding and enjoy welcoming you and feel pleased if you accept their friendship easily． [ ]

5．A host／hostess usually offers additional serving to the guests by passing the dish containing food from one person to another． [ ] 6．Americans’ preference to splitting the check fully indicates their stinginess． [ ]

7．In the States，people of all ages may prefer to be called by their first names．[ ]

8. One more point about “sir”and “madam．”They are followed by either the first names or the last names．[ ]

9. In the United States，one’s income is the top secret．People working

in the same office have the faintest idea of how much each person earns，except the boss．[ ]

10. Overdoing apology actually is an awkward behavior in the American society，even if it is done only to be polite．[ ]

二、Vocabulary: There are 5 incomplete sentences in this part．For

each sentence there are three choices．Choose the one that best completes the sentence．Then circle the corresponding letter you

think is the right choice．

（本题5题,每题2分,共10分）

1．A person’s privacy is viewed as an individual or private property that no one can share without permission in the U．S． ( ) A．possession B．boundary C． territory

2．“Avoiding excess at the dinner table”is viewed as “”． which is the hallmark of the common people in the Western world．( )

A．certainty B．modesty C． courtesy

3．In the United States，there is a widespread practice of making “small talk” in certain social situations．Small talk deals with various topics ，simply for the sake of keeping a conversation going．( )

A．potentially B．superficially C． essentially

4．Americans do not show visitors great of special courtesy if doing so requires much of their time．( )

A．amount B．quantity C．number

5. Whenever you have been a guest in a home，you should send

a hand—written thank—you note．( )

A．must B．of course C．definitely

三、Translation：Translate the English paragraphs into Chinese:（本

题共5小题,每题5分,共25分）

1. The host usually shows the guest upon his arrival to the sitting room．If the guest is a lady，most men in the room will stand up when

she comes in．Women of all ages still appreciate this courtesy, although the custom is followed by fewer people now than in the past，especially among the younger generation．

2. The use of “nicknames” is fairly common among people in the United States．A nickname is not the person’s real name but a name assigned to him or her because of certain physical characteristics，behavior patterns，or some other factors．Foreign students often get nicknames if their names seem too long or unpronounceable to their American friends．Being called by a nickname is not usually uncomplimentary；on the contrary，it may indicate that the student

is viewed with respect and even affection.

3. In order to understand the Western idea of personal privacy，

you should start by thinking of a nation’s concept of “territoriality．”A nation has borders or boundaries，and everything within those boundaries belongs to that nation and no other．And so is it in the case of a private house．If one enters

a private house without asking for permission，he is likely to be accused of trespassing or even burglary．

4. In Britain，small gifts such as a pen or a book would be suitable tokens of genuine gratitude and flowers or champagne suffice to thank colleagues for their services．Do not，however， appear patronizing or unduly forward，especially if the recipient is a woman．

5. From time to time，it is necessary to display a more sophisticated knowledge of table etiquette．This is not difficult，once you have mastered the basics．Anyone armed with this core knowledge and the

ability to adapt smoothly to the situation at hand will be able to handle even the most formal event．The goal is not，after all，to demonstrate utter mastery of the most arcane details, but rather to behave with graciousness and poise at the table．

四、Questions ：Please give a brief answer to each of the following questions according to what you have learned from Western Cultures

and Customs．Write your answers under each question．（本题共5小

题；每小题5分，共25分)

1．What do the Westerners think of the Chinese Students’excessive expression of gratitude and what is overdoing apology actually considered in the Western world?

2．What does the notion “Line up，and wait your turn．”reflect? 3．What is the definition of “Dutch treat”?

4.What does the notion Three “ings” reflect in Britain?

5.What does the notion Three “don’ts” reflect in Britain?

五、Writing：In this part there is a topic “M y ideal life”．

Write an essay within 200 words．

Please write your composition neatly on the paper.（本题共1小题，

共20分）

Answer：

一、判断题

1. T 、2 T 。

3. F 、 4 T 。

5. F 、 6 F 。

7. T 、 8 F 。

9. T 、 10 T 。

1.答：

客人到达后，主人通常会把客人带到客厅。如果客人是一位女士，在她进屋的时候，客厅里所有的男士都应站起来欢迎。虽然和过去相比，越来越少的男士特别是年轻一代会遵循这样的礼数，但是不管多大年龄的女士都很喜欢这样的礼节。

2.答：

美国人很喜欢称呼别人的外号。绰号不是一个人的真实姓名而是根据这个人的这

个人的某种身体特点、行为习惯或者其他因素而给他起的外号。如果外国学生的姓名太长或者发音很难，他们的美国朋友就会给他们起外号。通常被别人叫外并不含有贬损的意思，正相反，被叫外号代表的是尊敬甚至喜爱的意思。

3.答：

打个比方说，西方人关于隐私的概念就好比西方人关于领土的概念一样。每个国家都有自己的边境或边界,边界之内的任何事物都属于这个国家的而不是别人的。一个家庭之内的情况也是如此。如果有人没有经过主人的同意就擅自进入主人家，他就可能由于擅自闯入或者盗窃罪而被起诉。

4.答：

在英国，一些小礼物比方说一支笔或一本书都是表达真诚谢意的礼品，一束鲜花或一瓶香槟就足够可以用来表达对于同事帮忙的感激。相反，千万不要以恩人自居的姿态面对要接受礼物的人，送礼物的时候也不要过于直截了当，特别当对方是一位女士的时候。

5.答：

有的时候，我们也需要表现出一些精细的餐桌礼仪。只要掌握了一些基本要素，要做到这一点也并非难事。任何人掌握了餐桌礼仪的一些核心知识又有随机应变的能力，他就能应付即使是最正式的场合。我们的目标并不是要向外人展示我们掌握了很多有关餐桌礼仪的深奥的知识，而是在餐桌边表现得亲切自然就可以了。

四、Questions:

答：

some Chinese students make excessive expressions of gratitude，which gives US，Westerners，the sense of empty thanks and insincerity，and makes US feel uncomfortable．

Overdoing apology actually is an awkward behavior in the American society，1．答：

This behavior reflects their notion that all people are equal，in the sense that no one has the privilege of going directly to the front of a line．It also reflects their aversion to touching，which is much less likely to happen in a line than in a crowd jostling to get service．

3.答：

It means split the check, or share the expenses or pay one’s own expenses.

4.答：

Three “ings” refer to betting, drinking and tipping，the ending for each of which is “ing”.

5. 答：

They don’t like jump the queue, They don’t like ask a woman about her age, They don’t like bargain in Britain when you do the shopping．五、Writing：In this part there is a topic “M y ideal life”．

Write an essay within 200 words．

Please write your composition neatly on the paper.