2006北航考博英语试题及答案
2006年北京航空航天大学考博英语试题及答案
Part I Listening Comprehension(略)
Part II Reading Comprehension
Directions:There are four passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them,there are4choices marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage1
Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone,but that one's muscles also participate.It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.
You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body.Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically,some part of their body.Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio,he is tempted in direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.
Strange as this behavior may be,there is a very good reason for it.One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates,so to speak,in its performance.The listener"feels"himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.
The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way,but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.
21.Some psychologists maintain that thinking is______.
A.not a mental process
B.more of a physical process than a mental action
C.a process that involves your entire body
D.a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain
22.Few people are able to listen to familiar music without______.
A.moving some part of their body
B.stopping what they are doing to listen
C.directing the orchestra playing it
D.wishing that they could conduct music properly
23.Body movements are necessary in order for the listener to______.
A.hear the music
B.appreciate the music
C.enjoy the music fully
https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,pletely understand the music
24.According to the selection,muscle participation in the process of thinking is______.
A.deliberate
B.obvious
C.not readily apparent
D.very pronounced
25.The best title for this selection is______.
A.An Ear for Music
B.Music Appreciation
C.How Muscles Participate in Mental Acts
D.A Psychological Definition of the Thinking Process
Passage2
Laziness is a sin----everybody knows that.We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral,that it is wasteful,and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life.But laziness can be more harmful than that,and it is often caused by more harmful than that,and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work.Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems.They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their ideas stolen.These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work.Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work;some people are so busy planning,sometimes panning great deals or fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever"lesser"work is on hand.Still other people are not avoiding work;strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating-rescheduling their day.
Laziness can actually be helpful.Like procrastinators,some people may look lazy when they are really thinking,planning,contemplating,researching.We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was"goofing off".Newton wasn't working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity.All of us would like to have someone"lazy"to build the car to stove we buy,particularly if that"laziness"were cause by the worker's taking time to check each step or his work and to do his job right.And sometimes,being"lazy"-----that is,taking time off for a rest is good for the overworked student or executive.Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor who's simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic.So be careful when you're tempted to call someone lazy.That person may be thinking,resting,or planning his or her next book.
26.The main idea of this passage is that______.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,ziness is a moral sin
B.there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazy
https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,ziness is the sign of deep-seated emotional problems
https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,zy people do more careful work
27.The passage states that______.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,ziness is a disease
B.some people appear lazy because they are insecure
https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,ziness is more beneficial than harmful
D.a good definition of laziness is emotional illness
28.Which of the following conclusion does the passage support?______
A.The word laziness is sometimes applied incorrectly.
B.Most of the time laziness is a virtue.
C.Most assembly line workers are lazy.
D.Most insecure people are lazy.
29.The final paragraph is______.
a.gloomy B.humorous C.serious D.ironical
30."Goofing off"as used in paragraph2probably means______.
A.wasting time
B.sleeping
C.working
D.chatting with friends
Passage3
The idea of humanoid robots is not new.They have been part of the imaginative landscape ever since Karl Capek,a Czech writer,first dreamed them up for his1921play"Rossum's Universal Robots".(The word
"robot"comes from the Czeeh word for drudgery,robota.)Since then,Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme,from the sultry False Maria in Fritz Lang's silent masterpiece"metropolis"to the withering C-3PO in"Star Wars"and the ruthless assassin of"Terminator".Humanoid robots have walked into our collective subconscious,coloring our views of the future.
But now Japan's industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality.Their new humanoids represent impressive feats of engineering:when Honda introduced Asimo,a four-foot robot that had been in development for some15years,it walked so fluidly that its white,articulated exterior seemed to conceal a human.Honda continues to make the machine faster,friendlier and more https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,st October,when Asimo was inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh,it walked on the stage and accepted its own plaque.
At two and a half feet tall,Sony’s QRIO is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo.It walks,understands a small number of voice commands,and can navigate on its own.It is falls over,it gets up and resumes where it left off.It can even connect wirelessly to the internet and broadcast what its camera eyes can see.In2003, Sony demonstrated an upgraded QRIO that could run.Honda responded last December with a version of Asimo that runs at twice the speed.
In2004,Toyota joined the fray with its own family of robots,called Partner,one of which is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet.Its fingers work the instrument’s valves,and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips.Toyota hopes to offer a commercial version of the robot by2010.This month,50Partner robots will act as guides at Expo2005in Aichi,Japan.
Despite their sudden proliferation,however,humanoids are still a mechanical minority.Most of the world's robots are faceless,footless and mute.They are bolted to the floors of factories,stamping out car parts or welding pieces of metal,making more machines.According to the United Nations,business orders for industrial robots jumped18%in the first half of2004.They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots,such as self-navigating vacuum cleaners,lawn mowers,and window-washers,which are selling fast. But neither industrial nor domestic robots are humanoid.
31.In paragraph1the author introduces this topic by relating______.
A.the idea of humanoid robots
B.Karl Capek's creation of robots
C.Hollywood's production of robot films
D.the origin of and popular movies about robots
32.According to the author's description,Asimo______.
A.is a four-legged robot
B.seems more like a human being than a machine in action
C.seems more like a machine than a human being in action
D.is in a sort of animal form
33.Sony’s QRIO could perform all the following tasks EXCEPT______.
A.walking everywhere freely
B.understanding some words uttered by people
C.finding its way
D.continuing walking after it stumbles
34.From the passage we may infer that Toyota’s Partner______.
A.is much better than any other robots
B.is no more than a mechanic device
C.may be put into mass production
D.may speak like man
35.Judging from the context,this passage is probably written______.
A.in2004
B.in2005
C.between2003~2004
D.between2004~2005
Passage4
Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life.The great ocean basins hold bout300million cubic miles of water.From this vast amount,bout80,000cubic miles of water are sucking into the atmosphere
each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean.More than24,000cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents.This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams,springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent.Thus,the hydrosphere permits organic existence.
The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid.One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about9percent,whereas most liquids contract on cooling.For this reason,ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom.If the ice sank,the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly,except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season.Thus,all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents,which moderates climate,would be notably absent.
Another outstanding characteristic of water is that it has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia.This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and sore vast quantities of heat,thereby often preventing climate extremes.In addition,water dissolves more substances than any other liquid.It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents.In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited.Solar evaporation of salt is widely practiced,potash is extracted from the Dead Sea,and Magnesium is produced from seawater along the American Gulf Coast.
36.A characteristic of water NOT mentioned in this passage is that water______.
A.expands on freezing
B.is a great solvent
C.is like ammonia
D.has a very high heat capacity
37.From this passage,we may conclude that______.
A.ocean and land masses are equal
B.ocean masses are smaller than land masses
C.it is difficult to get fresh water from the ocean
D.none of the above is correct
38.By“hydrosphere”the author means______.
A.the moisture in the air
B.the part of the earth covered by water
C.the Milky Way
D.the frozen waters of the earth
39.Fish can survive in the oceans because______.
A.there are currents in the ocean
B.ice floats
C.evaporation and condensation create a water cycle
D.water absorbs heat
40.“Anomaly”,as used in the second paragraph,means______.
A.state of being anonymous
B.abnormality
C.characteristic
D.property
Part III Vocabulary(10points)
Directions:In this part,there are20sentences with four choices below each sentence.Choose the best one from the4choices.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
41.Early exponents of science fiction such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells explored with zest the future
possibilities opened up to the optimistic imagination by modern technology.
A.inspiration
B.enthusiasm
C.fantasy
D.endeavor
42.Except for coarse earthen-wares,which can be made from clay as it is found in the earth,pottery is made from special clays plus other materials mixed to achieve the desired results.
A.conventional
B.unique
C.genuine
D.crude
43.When the fire broke out in the building,the people lost their heads and ran into the elevator.
A.poured
B.dismayed C panicked D.trembled
44.The English language contains a(n)______of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.
A.altitude
https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,titude
C.multitude
D.attitude
45.The wealth of a country should be measured______the health and happiness of people as well as the material goods it can produce.
A.in line with
B.in terms of
C.in regard with
D.by means of
46.Radar is used to extend the______of man's senses for observing his environment,especially the sense of vision.
A.validity
B.liability
C.capacity
D.intensity
47.We are writing to the manager______the repairs recently carried out at the above address.
A.with the exception of
B.with the purpose of
C.with reference to
D.with a view to
48.They made detailed investigations to______themselves with the needs of the rural market
A.adhere
B.acknowledge
C.acquaint
D.activate
49.Probably there's a good reason for her absence,as she doesn't usually stay away from work.
A.Conspicuously
B.Prospectively
C.incidentally
D.Presumably
50.I was______in my reading,and didn't at first hear the doorbell ring.
A.immured
B.immersed
C.busy
D.infatuated
51.Ten minutes later,the police came and______the crowd.
A.dismayed
B.dispersed
C.dismounted
D.distressed
52.There are______differences between theory and practice.
A.legible
https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,den
C.radical
D.medieval
53.Will you______my article to find out whether I've made any mistakes?
A.look after
B.look through
C.look up
D.look into
54.When he lived in that remote place,radio was the only means he had to keep______of current events in the country.
A.account
B.trace
C.record
D.track
55.The flashing red light served as a______of danger ahead.
A.predictor
B.caution
C.precaution
D.prevention
56.According to the weather forecast,which is usually______,it will snow this afternoon.
A.accurate
B.dull
C.awkward
D.tedious
57.If his father could not keep up the payments on the mortgage,his uncle might______it for him.
A.redeem
B.amend
C.resemble
D.appeal
58.His writing depicts this changing world and the increasing cultural diversity of the United States.
A.conflict
B.refinement
C.variety
D.movement
59.She was artful and could always get round her parents in the end.
A.play
B.deceive
C.confuse
D.annoy
60.He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk coherently.
A.honestly
B.appropriately
C.intelligibly
D.flexibly
Part IV Cloze(10points)
Directions:Decide which of the choices given below could correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Who won the World Cup2004football game?What happened at the United Nations?How did the critics like the new play?(61)______an event takes place,newspapers are on the street(62)______the details whenever anything happens in the world,reporters are on the spot to(63)______the news.
Newspapers have one basic(64)______,to get the news as quickly as possible from its source,from those who make it to those who want to(65)______it.Radio,television,and(66)______inventions brought competition for newspapers.So did the development of magazines and other means of communication(67)______,this competition merely spurred the newspapers on.They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the(68)______and thus the efficiency of their own operations.Today more newspapers are(69)______and read than ever https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,petition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields.Besides keeping readers(70)______of the latest news, today's newspapers(71)______and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’economic choices(72)______advertising.Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very(73)______,Newspapers are sold at a price that(74)______even a small fraction of the cost of production.The main(75)______of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The(76)___in selling advertising depends on newspaper's value to advertisers.This(77)_____in terms of circulation.How many people read the newspaper?Circulation depends(78)______on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment(79)______in a newspaper's pages.But for the most part,circulation depends on a newspaper’s value to readers as a source of information(80)______the community,city,county,nation and world----and even outer space.
61.A.Just when B.While C.Soon after D.Before
62.A.to give B.giving C.given D.being given
63.A.gather B.spread C.carry D.bring
64.A.reason B.cause C.problem D.purpose
65.A.make B.publish C.know D.write
66.A.another B.other C.one another D.the other
67.A.However B.And C.Therefore D.So
68.A.value B.ratio C.rate D.speed
69.A.spread B.passed C.printed https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,pleted
https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,rm B.be informed C.to be informed https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,rmed
71.A.entertain B.encourage https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,cate D.edit
72.A.on B.through C.with D.of
73.A.forms B.existence C.contents D.purpose
74.A.tries to cover B.manages to cover C.fails to cover D.succeeds in
75.A.source B.origin C.course D.finance
76.A.way B.means C.chance D.success
77.A.measures B.measured C.is measured D.was measured
78.A.somewhat B.little C.much D.something
79.A.offering B.offered C.which offered D.to be offered
80.A.by B.with C.at D.about
Part V Translation(15points)
Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate it into Chinese.Writing the translation on the ANSWER SHEET(2).
Artificial intelligence and virtual reality are tow computer-related technologies that may cast large
shadow on education.Much of school planning may be done not by human agents but by programs created by human agents;and much of what was once accomplished by textbooks and occasional field trips will now be performed in virtual reality.One can ask:what is the truth value of the materials prepared entirely by non-human entities?
In a turnabout from previous trends,the acquisition of credentials may become less important. Individuals will be able to educate themselves(largely if not wholly)and to exhibit their mastery in a simulated setting.Why pay$120,000to go to law school,if one can"read law"as in early times and then demonstrate one's
legal skills via computer simulation?Or learn to fly a plane by similar means,for that matter?
Technology has revolutionized the world in which schools operate.Now it's time for education to catch up to change.
Part VI Writing(15points)
Directions:Write a composition of no less than200words on the following topic on the ANSWER SHEET(2).
Space Research
2006年参考答案
21-25DACCC
26-30BBACA
31-35DBACB
36-40CCBCB
41-45BDCBD
46-50DCCDB
51-55BCDDB
56-60AACBC
61-65CBADC
66-70BADCD
71-75CBBCA
76-80DCABD
Part V Translation
人工智能和虚拟现实是两种与电脑有关的技术，他们可能对教育产生重大影响。许多教学计划可以不用人力制定，而是有人们发明的程序来制定，以前的课本教学和偶尔的野外旅行现在也都可以通过虚拟现实来完成。也许有人会问：全部有非人类实体准备的材料的真正价值是什么？
随着以往趋势的逆转，获得文凭就可能变得不那么重要了。每个人将能够自学，即使不能完全自学，大部分也是可以的，并且能够在模拟场景下展示自己的实力。如果一个人可以通过电脑模拟像以前一样学习法律，并展现自己在法律方面的才华，那他为什么还要花费$120,000去法律学校？或一个人能同样通过电脑技术学会驾驶飞机，那他为什么还要花费大笔钱去飞行学院学习？
技术使学校运作方式发生了重大变革。现在是教育来适应这样改变的时候了。
考博英语历年真题
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.360docs.net/doc/329397054.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
北航考博辅导班：2019北京航空航天大学光学工程考博难度解析及经验分享
北航考博辅导班：2019北京航空航天大学光学工程考博难度解析及 经验分享 根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知，全国开设57所光学工程专业的大学参与了2018-2019光学工程专业大学排名，其中排名第一的是浙江大学，排名第二的是华中科技大学，排名第三的是天津大学。 作为北京航空航天大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，北京航空航天大学的光学工程一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第十一。 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于北京航空航天大学光学工程考博相关内容。 一、专业介绍 光学工程是一门历史悠久而又年轻的学科。它的发展表征着人类文明的进程。它的理论基础——光学，作为物理学的主干学科经历了漫长而曲折的发展道路，铸造了几何光学、波动光学、量子光学及非线性光学，揭示了光的产生和传播的规律和与物质相互作用的关系。 北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院博士招生专业 专业代码及名称：14、080300 光学工程 考试科目详细内容，请咨询招生学院。 二、综合考核 北京航空航天大学光学工程专业博士研究生招生为资格审查加综合考核形式。其中，综合考核内容为: 复试以综合面试的方式进行差额录取。学院按学科（专业）成立复试专家组（定向生除外），由不少于5人的本学科（专业）或相近学科（专业）的博士生导师组成，对参加复试的考生进行综合考核，主要评价学生视野、实际应用知识能力及培养潜力。 复试成绩满分300分。复试成绩低于180分为不合格，不予录取。 综合面试环节主要内容和形式如下： （1) 思政考核：不合格者不予录取。 （2）外语水平（满分100分）； 英文自我介绍，随机的英语提问和回答，考核英语听说能力。 （3）专业知识考核（满分：100分） 全面考核考生对所学学科(专业)理论知识和应用技能掌握程度，利用所学理论发现、分
2016年全国医学博士英语统考试题和参考答案
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