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十二月份的由来：十月
October
十月
More of the same: octo is the Latin for ‘eight’, for that ten month calendar. Two months were added to the end of the calendar year around 713 BC, and the beginning of the year was moved to 1 January in 153 BC.
和上面说到的九月一样，英语中的十月，来自拉丁文octo，即“八”的意思，也是根据老历法来的。公元前713年，历法被修改，增加了两个月放在年尾，而到了公元前153年，才以1月1日作为新一年的开始。
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浅谈高中英语课外阅读训练的指导
浅谈英语课外阅读的指导 五常市高级中学王晓丽高中英语大纲明确指出：“要提高学生阅读能力，单纯通过教科书中的课文教学是不够的，还要根据学生的具体情况，有计划地指导学生在课外阅读一定数量的读物。” 在教学实践中我体会到，学生优秀的习作几乎都是得益于课外阅读和对真实生活的体验。英语的学习单靠简单的记忆已不能取得高分了，更需要阅读能力的提高。要提高学生阅读能力，单纯通过教科书中的课文教学是不够的，还要根据学生的具体情况，有计划地指导学生在课外阅读一定数量的读物。阅读教学在我国外语教学中历来受到重视。 首先，合理选择材料：思想性强，内容健康；兴趣是成功的原动力，作为教材延伸形式出现的课外阅读，材料要多样化，要讲求趣味性。这就对我们外语教师提出了更高、更全面的要求。让学生独立阅读，但又不是“放羊式”的阅读，而是在教师有计划的指导下进行的课外阅读。 其次，精读和泛读结合：泛读广泛、大量、快速，故重点放在针对问题快速地捕捉信息上。快阅读，知大意；根据上下文猜测词义；根据构词法猜测词义；注意深层意思的理解；把理解题目作为提纲来读。 英语是实践性很强的课程，英语学习不能局限在小课堂里，构建课内外结合、校内外沟通的英语教育体系，创造一个广阔的英语学习空间。 1.《高中英语阅读训练》是一本很好的读物。题材较为广泛，如人物传记、寓言故事等。每单元编配三篇阅读训练材料，包括一篇快速阅读材料和两篇泛读材料，较长的分为上、下两篇。A篇为快速阅读，题材与课文基本相同，难度略低于课文，其目的是为了复习和巩固课堂上所学的语言知识，培养学生对阅读的兴趣，训练他们快速阅读的技能。因此，我在每上完一模块教材后就利用几分钟时间，安排学生当场独立完成（从高一到高二，从慢到快），并要求学生在阅读文章上面记录阅读的时间及正确理解率，以便学生以后检查自己的阅读理解率的提高情况。B、C两篇材料要求学生在课外完成，教师做不定期的检查。 2在课外阅读过程中，学生可以饶有兴趣地将课内所学的知识自然而然地迁移到课外阅读中。新颖丰富的课外阅读材料可以激发学生英语学习的兴趣和求
高中英语阅读文本的解读doc
悟文本之美，显阅读之效 ——来自高中英语阅读文本解读的全过程记录 浙江省温岭市大溪中学黄海丽 【摘要】本文将通过一个阅读文本解读的全过程记录，来展示文本解读的基本流程；并 着重剖析文本解读的技巧与策略。只有教师领悟到文本的美与精华，才能充分去挖掘和利用 文本所赋予的内涵，真正发挥阅读教学的有效性，凸显阅读的目的所在。 【关键词】阅读文本解读流程技巧与策略 一、引言 阅读教学一直是高中英语课堂的重头戏。《新课标》明确指出英语阅读教学的真正目的 是提高学生语言综合运用能力。然而，在日常的阅读教学过程中，教师习惯于把目光聚焦到 高级词汇、短语、优美的句子以及复杂的句型结构上，而对文本内容的处理只是蜻蜓点水， 停留在表层的理解。在各种大型的阅读教学展示课上，教师为了在有限的四十五分钟之内充 分展示自己所谓“完整”的教学设计，快马加鞭，一环紧接一环，迫使学生走马观花，紧张 和被动地接受，使学生失去了自我学习的意识，根本没有体验真正开放性的，深层次思维的 阅读活动，从而很难达到《新课标》的阅读教学目的。 分析上述现象，究其根源，教师没有树立起现代的教学理念，对文本的解读没有到位， 教学重点把握不准，教学思路混乱，教学时间分配不合理。因此，为了实现《新课标》的阅 读教学目的，在文本的解读中，教师要将整体性原则和趋向性原则结合起来，既要挖掘文本 中真实优美的语言、新颖独特的内容、深刻丰富的寓意, 又要趋向于文本中最精华部分的教 学，这样，才能将语言、内容、思想完美地融为一体，最大化地体现文本的功能，最大化地 发挥阅读教学的有效性。 笔者在多年的教学实践中不断探索和尝试,总结了“文本解读四步法”。下面将通过一 个阅读文本解读的全过程记录，来展示文本解读的基本流程，并剖析和探讨文本解读的技巧 与策略。 二、文本解读的全过程记录 1、教材内容：NSEFC Book 6 Unit 4 Reading: THE EARTH IS BECOMING WARMER --- BUT DOES IT MATTER? 2、教材分析：这是一篇杂志文章，主要讲述了地球温度上升的现象和原因。这种现象 是自然发生还是人为的？这个问题引起了激烈的争论。许多科学家认为，这种变化是人类燃 烧矿物燃料所致。这些物质的燃烧产生以二氧化碳为主的温室气体。正因为自然界有温室气 体的存在，地球才不至于很冷。但大量排放二氧化碳会使地球普遍升温。对于地球升温，科 学家有不同的看法。有些科学家认为，地球升温，会给人类带来灾难，也有科学家认为，有 利于改善人类生活。文章最后以开放性的问题结尾：对于全球变暖，人类要不要采取措施？ 这是一篇集语言、内容、思想为一体的文章典范。文本中不仅含有丰富的词汇、短语以 及高级结构句型，还围绕当今世界热门的话题“全球变暖”展开；文章既呈现了科学家们的 观点，也留给读者想象和思考的空间。同时，文章还通过两个图表来呈现全球气温上升以及 空气中二氧化碳含量上升的现象。 然而，如何在有限的阅读课堂实现阅读效率的最大化，让学生学会从图表中获取、分析、 处理和归纳信息，用语言去表达图表反应的现象、陈述个人的观点，需要教师对文本进行仔 细地解读，感知、构建、推敲和锁定其亮点，然后重新整合，有效地设计，从而构建成文本 解读的最佳基本流程。