人教版高中英语选修七Unit1Livingwell语法篇(教师版)范文文稿
第2讲Living well 语法篇
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1.熟练掌握动词不定式的形势与用法；
2.能够熟练运用动词不定式各种形式。
一. 动词不定式的形式
e.g. He Array appears to be very
happy.
T o catch
the train, we’d
better hurry to the station by taxi.
It happened to be raining when we got there.
I’m sorry to have lost your key.
He is said to have studied abroad.
These books are to be given out to the students.
This novel has been translated into many languages.
二. 动词不定式的用法
1.作主语
e.g. To know oneself is difficult.
在很多情况下，我们通常用it作形式主语：
e.g. It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking efforts.
2.作表语
e.g. His wish is to become an astronaut.
3.作宾语
e.g. Father likes to listen to music in silence.
He had no choice but to sit there as usual.
John was happy to be given the job.
She is hard to get along with.
在feel, find, think, consider, make等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，常用it 作形式宾语
e.g. I found it impossible to work out the problem without a computer.
可接不定时作宾语的动词有：
aim appear agree arrange ask decide bother care choose come dare demand desire
determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn mean manage
offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish refuse attempt continue
4.作宾语补足语
e.g. I heard them sing yesterday.
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
注意：hope, demand, suggest后不能接不定式作宾语补足语。
5.作定语
e.g. The next train to arrive was from New York.
On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write.
6.作状语
e.g. I’m saving up to buy a computer.
He got to the station only to find the train had gone.
不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。
1) so ... as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle 把你的自行车借给我好吗？
2) such ... as to do We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。
3) enough… to do He didn't run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。
4) only to do He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。
5) too ... to do His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 她的视力太差了，不能看这么小的字。注意: too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased, happy, ready等，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的意思。The boy was too eager to get a geography book. 那个男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理书。He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。
三. 不定式的几种常见结构
1.不定式的复合结构
e.g. This box is too heavy for the little boy to carry.
2.疑问词+不定式结构
e.g. I don’t know whether to go to the meeting or not.
3.with/without+名词+不定式结构
e.g. With so much work to do, I’m not able to go to the cinema.
4.用作独立成分的不定式
e.g. To be frank, I don’t agree with what you said.
可做插入语的还有：
to tell you the truth 说老实话to be frank 坦率地说to begin with 首先
to make a long story short 长话短说to be exact 精确地说to say nothing of 姑且不说
to be sure 诚然，固然to do him justice 说句对他公道的话so to speak 可以这么说
5.用主动形式表示被动含义
e.g. Do you have anything to say on this question?
The book is difficult to understand.
There is nothing to worry about.
高中阶段常见带介词的to短语归纳：
be/get/become used to 习惯于be given to 沉溺于
be related to 与…有关系be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾
be opposed to 反对devote oneself to献身于；专心于
get down to 着手做lead to 导致object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成
put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起
look forward to 盼望pay attention to 注意
stick to 坚持make contributions to对…作贡献
1.（2019湖南卷）ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought
and inner quietness.
A.Having freed
B. Freed
C. To free
D. Freeing
答案: C
解析: 不定式做目的状语是不定式的一个经典用法。而且本句的主语we和动词free之间构成主动关系，可以使用不定式或者现在分词。但是A项使用的是不定式的完成式，表示已经完成的动作，这不符合上下文语境。句义：为了让我们免受精神和身体压力的伤害，我们每个人都需要深入的思考和内心的安宁。
2.（2019江西）He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
A. to act
B.to have acted
C.acting
D. having acted
答案: B
解析: 本句考察的是固定句式：Sb be though to…某人被认为…；如果表示的是一个已经完成的动作，就使用不定式的完成式，如果是正在进行的动作，就使用不定式的进行式。句义：他被认为表现很糟糕，现在他只能责怪自己丢了那份工作。根据句义可知他表现很糟糕是在丢掉工作之前，所以使用不定式的完成式。故B正确。
3.（2019陕西卷）20. ________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.
A. Working out
B. Worked out
C. To work out
D. Work out
答案: C
解析: 本题考察的是不定式做目的状语的用法，在非谓语动词中通常只有不定式才可以表示目的状语。句义：为了算出这个数学问题，我已经咨询了拉塞尔教授好几次了。ABD三项都不能表示目的状语。故C正确。
4.（2019四川卷）7. — I hope to take the computer course.
— Good idea. ____ more about it, visit this website.
A. To find out
B. Finding out
C. To be finding out
D. Having found out
答案: A
解析: 考查非谓语动词中的不定式用法。动词不定式可以放在句首作目的状语，译为“为了…”。句意：——我想参加这个电脑课程。——好主意。要想得到更多有关的信息，请登陆这个网站。Visit this
website是一个祈使句，表示建议。故A正确。
5.（2019天津卷）5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit
A. to find
B. found
C. finding
D. having found
答案: A
解析: 本题考察的是不定式做结果状语用法，在非谓语动词中，不定式常常和only连用，表示意料之外的结果。现在分词doing常常表示意料之中的结果。句义：很着急，她把裙子从包装里拿了出来，结果却发现裙子不合适。她很着急地试穿裙子，但是裙子不合适。说明这是意料之外的结果，所以使用A项。
基础演练
1. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.
A. Employed
B. being employed
C. to employ
D. employs
2. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.
A.buy
B. to buy
C. buying
D. to have bought
3. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told
B.telling
C. being told
D. told
4. Group activities will be organized after class _____children develop team spirit.
A. helping
B. having helped
C. helped
D. to help
5. The children all turned ______the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
A. looked at
B. to look at
C. to looking at
D. look at
Key: CBADB
巩固提高
1. I stopped the car ________ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A.take
B. taking
C.to take
D. taken
2. ________warm at night, I would fill the wood stove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
A. Staying
B. Stayed
C. To stay
D. Stay
3. V olunteering gives you a chance________lives, including your own.
A. Change
B. Changing
C. Changed
D. to change
4. The airport________next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A. being completed
B. to be completed
C. completed
D. having been completed
5. The engine just won't start. Something seems________wrong with it.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
6. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.
A. speaking
B. having spoken
C. to speak
D. to have spoken
7. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.
A. being done
B. do
C. to be done
D. to do
8. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A. to be made
B. being made
C. made
D. having been made
9. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate
10. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.
A. Finding
B. to find
C. being found
D. to have found
Key: 1-5 CCDBB 6-10 CCADB
1.It’s important for the figures regularly.
A. to be updated
B. to have been updated
C. to update
D. to have updated
2. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets
B. meeting
C. meet
D. to meet
3. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _____ anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch
B. watching
C. watched
D. to have watched
4. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________ away.
A. to stay
B. staying
C. stayed
D. stay
5. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told
B. telling
C. being told
D. told
6. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better silent.
A. remain
B. be remaining
C. having remained
D. to remain
7. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. Locking
B. to lock
C. having locked
D. to have locked
8. Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A.to carry
B. carrying
C. to be carried
D. being carried
9. Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.
A. to work
B. to be working
C. to have worked
D. to have been working
10. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .
A. held
B. holding
C. be held
D. to hold
11. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier into small pieces.
A.break
B. breaking
C. broken
D. to break
12. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered
B. be cheered
C. to be cheered
D. were cheered
13. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.
A.keep
B.kept
C.keeping
D.to keep
14. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety.
A.to raise
B.raising
C.to have raised
D. having raised
15. The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A. expressing
B. expressed
C. to express
D. to be expressed
Key: 1-5 ADAAA 6-10DBACD 11-15DCDAC
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一. 单项选择
1. ________ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains gave him a sense of peace.
A. While walking
B. Walking
C. He was walking
D. When he was walking
2. ________ with Lei Feng, we still have a long way to go.
A. Comparing
B. Compared
C. To compare
D. Being compared
3. —Can I have the document right now?
—Of course. Wait a minute and I'll have my secretary ________ it for you.
A. to print
B. printing
C. printed
D. print
4. I really like this song as it is often heard ________everywhere in China.
A. singing
B. sung
C. having sung
D. to sing
5. The door ________ tomorrow will get dry the day after tomorrow.
A. Painted
B. to be painted
C. being painted
D. to paint
6. ________ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.
A. Convincing
B. Convinced
C. To convince
D. Having convinced
7. He could do nothing but ________ what he had said.
A. to take back
B. to be taken back
C. taking back
D. take back
8. I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday.
A. Joining
B. to join
C. will join
D. wants to join
9. ________ Australia's relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was really ________.
A. Supposing; amazing
B. Comparing; amazed
C. Considering; amazing
D. Given; amazed
10. I came into the classroom, ________ my seat and sat down to read.
A. finding
B. to find
C. found
D. to be found
Key: 1-5 DBBDB 6-10 BDBCC
二. 阅读理解
We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control. Sometimes a single unimportant event may cause a number of
things to happen. Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time. The telephone rings and this causes your troubles to begin. While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table, destroying your half-prepared meal. You hang up hurriedly and attend to your baby. Meanwhile, the meal gets burnt. As if this is not enough to bring you to tears, your husband arrives home, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.
Things can also go wrong on the road. During rush hour one evening two cars collided and the drivers began to argue. The woman driver behind the two cars happened to be a learner. She got into a panic and stopped her car. This forced the driver following her to stop suddenly. This driver’s wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake, and as she was thrown forward, the cake went right through the window and landed on the road. A truck driver seeing a cake flying through the air slammed on the brakes. The truck was carrying empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the truck onto the road, causing a terrible traffic jam. It took the police an hour to get the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the truck driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles. Only two dogs were enjoying themselves, for they were happily having what was left of the cake.
1. If you want to answer the phone without any trouble, you'd better ___________ .
A. pull out the telephone line when you are with your baby
B. put your baby on the bed and keep an eye on him / her
C. not hurry to answer the phone
D. make sure your baby is not near the table
2. Who is responsible for the accidents that happened on the road?
A. The two drivers who were arguing.
B. It wasn't mentioned in the passage.
C. The woman driver.
D. The truck driver.
3. From this story we learn that ________.
A. there are many road accidents every day
B. the accidents mentioned in the passage are very strange
C. no one knows why this kind of accident happens
D. the accidents mentioned in the passage are very common
4. The writer's purpose in writing this passage is to ___________.
A. remind us not to answer the phone when we are busy
B. tell us driving is dangerous every day
C. remind us not to be nervous when we meet an accident
D. remind us not to carry a cake when we are sitting in a car
5. The main idea of this passage is that ________.
A. troubles always come in groups
B. accidents may happen anywhere at anytime
C. a telephone call may cause great trouble
D. anyone may have trouble on their way home
Keys: CBDCA
三.基础写作
假设你叫马莉，一个叫丽丽的朋友写信要你介绍一些急救知识，请你立即回复，内容包括:
(1) 如果有人窒息，你得立即给他做人工呼吸，使他恢复呼吸。
(2) 若有人大出血，你必须马上给他止血。用手帕压在出血点上并按住不动。
(3) 如有人被动物咬伤，让他把伤口放在冷水管下冲洗，尽快去看医生。
(4) 对于简单的刀伤，只要将伤口冲洗一下，弄干净，然后盖上一块清洁的干布就行了。[写作要求]
1.请你就以上内容提示用5个句子写一封英文信。
2. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计人句数。
Dear Lily,
Yours,
Mary