高中英语语法:动词用法讲解

高中英语语法:动词用法讲解
高中英语语法:动词用法讲解

高中英语语法之动词用法讲解

动词的分类

动词按其在句中所充当的句子成分分为谓语动词和非谓语动词

一.谓语动词: 用于谓语中的动词称为谓语动词. 按照其能否独立作谓语, 谓语动词又可分为两类:

1.能独立作谓语的动词称为完全动词, 即实义动词;

2.不能独立作谓语的动词称为不完全动词, 包括: 连系动词, 情态动词, 助动词

连系动词有两种: ①.表示特征状态, 如: be, appear看起来, seem看来,似乎, look 看起来, sound听起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, feel 摸起来, remain仍然是; ②.表示变化过程, 如: become变成, get成为, grow变得, turn变成, go变得, prove证明是

情态动词和助动词参看其他章节

二.非谓语动词: 不充当谓语的动词形式称为非谓语动词, 包括: 不定式, 分词(现在分词和过去分词, 动名词三种, 它们在句中可以充当主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语等, 具体细节参看第十一章.

三.使用实义动词时要注意的问题:

1.实义动词分为及物与不及物, 及物动词要求有宾语, 能用于被动语态; 不及物

动词不能有宾语, 不能用于被动语态

2.实义动词还可分为持续动词与瞬间动词, 前者可以与表示段时间的时间状语

连用, 而后者不可. 但瞬间动词的否定式表示“该动作没有发生”, 可视为一种可持续的状态, 并可与段时间状语连用

a. They watched the train leave for five minutes. ( watch是持续动词

b. I received his letter yesterday. ( receive是瞬间动词

c. How long have you joined the army ?(错误: joined是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用

d. When did you join the army ? (正确

e. How long have you been in the army ? (正确

f. How long may I borrow the book ? (错误: borrow是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用

g. How long may I keep the book ? (正确

h. I haven’t received his letter f or almost two months. (not receive表示“没有收到”, 这一意思可视为一种持续的状态, 因此可以和段时间two months连用

四.短语动词的种类: 共有五种不同的短语动词

1. “动词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: depend on, look for

2. “动词+副词”: 有的相当于及物动词, 如: look up(查找, 有的相当于不及物动词, 如: slow down(慢下来. 这类短语动词的宾语是代词时, 只能放在动词和副词之间, 如: call her up; 这类短语动词的宾语是名词时, 既可放在动词和副词之间, 也可放在副词之后, 如: call Tom up或call up Tom

3. “动词+副词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: keep away from

4. “动词+名词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: lose sight of

5. “be +形容词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: be worthy of

动词的形式

一.动词的基本形式有: ①.原形; ②.单数第三人称现在时形式, 即词尾加– s / - es;

③.过去式; ④.过去分词; ⑤.–ing 形式

二.动词第三人称单数现在时形式的构成规则:

①.一般情况加-s, 如: works, learns, comes

②.动词以-s, -x, -sh, -ch, -o结尾时, 加-es, 如: passes, fixes, washes, teaches, goes

③.动词以辅音字母加y结尾时, 将y变为i, 再加-es, 如: carries, cries, flies, studies

三.动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则:

1.规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则:

①.一般情况下词尾加-ed, 如: worked, wanted, opened, answered, played, obeyed

②.以不发音的-e结尾的词在词尾加-d, 如: hope –hoped, like –liked;

③.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 将y变为i, 再加–ed, 如: study –studied, try –tried;

④.以重读闭音节或-r音节结尾, 末尾只有一个辅音字母(x除外的, 双写末尾的辅音字母, 再加-ed, 如: stop –stopped, clap -clapped, plan-planned, refer-referred, admit

–admitted, permit –permitted

⑤.少数双音节动词, 尽管重音在第一个音节, 仍双写末尾的辅音字母, 然后再加

-ed, 如: travel –traveled, program –programmed, 但美式英语不双写辅音字母

2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成: (参看不规则动词表

四.动词的-ing形式的构成规则:

①.一般情况直接加-ing, 如: working, studying, going, seeing, staying

②.以不发音的-e结尾, 去掉-e再加-ing, 如: live –living, move-moving;

③.以重读闭音节或-r音节结尾, 末尾又只有一个辅音字母(x除外, 将末尾辅音字母双写, 再加-ing, 如: planning, starring, beginning, referring;

④.少数几个以-ie结尾的重读开音节动词, 应将-ie变成y, 再加- ing, 如: die –dying, tie –tying, lie –lying

⑤.少数双音节动词, 虽然重音在第一音节, 也双写末尾的辅音字母, 然后再加-ing, 如: travel –traveling, 但在美式英语中一般不双写

⑥.以非重读的元音字母加-l结尾的动词构成-ing时, l要双写, 再加-ing(美国英语不双写, 如: travelling, quarrelling

⑦.注意以下几个词的- ing形式: hoe –hoeing, picnic – picnicking, panic –panicking, dye –dyeing

(完整版)高中英语语法动词不定式和动名词做宾语

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高中英语语法(时态和语态)

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高中英语语法(6)-动词的ing形式

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高中英语语法系统全解【珍藏版】

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全国通用高中英语 语法复习讲义+训练 动词的时态

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高考英语语法专题复习动词时态和语态

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