专英小测题目(翻译)
Quiz 1
1、Name the organelle that houses DNA and can make A TP chloroplast/Mitochondria.
名称的器官，里面的DNA ，可以使三磷酸腺苷叶绿体/线粒体。
2、Name the organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes lysosome.
名称的器官，其中包含溶酶体水解酶。
3、Name the organelle that looks like a stack of membranous sacs ,and functions in processing of
proteins endoplasmic reticulum.（Golgi complex）
名称的器官像一叠膜囊，和功能的蛋白质在加工内质网。
4、Name the process that bring materials such as food partides into cell by engulfment
phagocytosis.
名称的过程，使材料，如食物粒子进入细胞吞没吞噬。
5、Name the organelle in plants that is the sit for photosynthesis chloroplast.
名称中的器官，这是植物进行光合作用的叶绿体坐下。
6、Translate:
O Oxygen C Calcium H Hydrogen
P Phosphorus Ca Carbon
Quiz 2
1、Which organelle contains stroma and grana chloroplast.
基质细胞和粒含有叶绿体。
2、Actin and myosin are protein that make up the tubulin or cytoskeleton.
肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的蛋白质构成的微管蛋白或骨架。
3、Ribosome are organelle involved in protein syntheses.
核糖体是细胞参与蛋白质的合成。
4、The double membrane organelle that contains the chromosomes in eukaryotes called the
nucleus.
双重膜器官，包含所谓的真核细胞染色体的核心。
5、Translate:
K Potassium Hg Mercury Na Sodium
Cl Chlorine N Nitrogen
Quiz 3
1、DNA is replicated during the S phase.
DNA的复制在S期。
2、The association of a DNA molecule histones and nonhistone protein is know as a chromatid.
该协会的一个DNA分子蛋白和非组蛋白质知道作为一个染色单体。
3、During G1, S and G2 phase, a cell is said to be in interphase.
在G1期， S和G2期，细胞被认为是在界面。
4、A normal diploid human cell contains 46 chromosomes.
一个正常的人二倍体细胞含有46个染色体。
5、Translate:
mm millimetre mg milligramme kg kilogramme
cm centimetre ml millilitre
Quiz 4
1、A diploid organism that has two identical alleles for particular gene is homozygons.
2、A unit of heredity located on a chromosome and composed a sequence of DNA nucleotides is called gene.
一个单位的遗传位于染色体组成的DNA序列被称为基因核苷酸。
3、Name the insects that sex chromosomes were first discovered flies.( Fruit fly.)
名称的昆虫性染色体首次发现苍蝇。
4、The physical chemical and psychological expression of genes possessed by an organism is called translation. (phenotype.)
物理化学和心理基因表达的生物体所拥有的被称为翻译。
5、Translate: P12
There are two different tipes of cells in the biological world. Cells with a nucleus and cells that lack one. The anuclear cells, called prokaryotic cells, evolved before others and are the bacteria of today. Eukaryotic cells, later products of evolutionary processes have also endowed them with other intracellular compartments called organelles.(出自书本P12, 2.. 即老师给我们做的作业题。)
Quiz 5
1、The binomial system of linnaeus requires a two-part,name for each organism,the first name is the genus, the second name is species.
二项式系统林奈需要一个分为两部分，每一个生物体的名称的第一个名字是属的，第二个名字是物种。
2、The largest most inclusive taxonomic category is the Kingdom.
最大的包容性最强的生物种类是英国。
3、Microbiology often has been defined as the study of microbes/microorganisms.
微生物往往被界定为研究微生物/微生物。
Most of which are invisible without a microscope.
其中大部分是无形无显微镜。
专英第二课翻译
Collection of wastewater（废水的收集） The “Shambles” is a street or area in many medieval English cities（单词“Shambles”在中世纪的英国城市是指一条街或地区）, like London and York（如伦敦和纽约）. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries（在18和19世纪）, Shambles were commercialized areas（意指商业化地区）, with meat packing as a major industry（是一个把屠宰和分割肉制品作为主业的地方）. The butchers of the Shambles would throw all of their waste into the street（区域内的屠户会把所有的废弃物扔在街上）, where is was washed away by rainwater into drainage ditches（这些废弃物在下雨时被冲入排水沟）. The condition of the street was so bad that it contributed its name to the English language originally as a synonym for butchery or a bloody battlefield（因为环境是如此的恶劣，它在英文中的原始含义就是屠场或血腥场地的同义词）. In old cities（在老城里）, drainage ditches like those at the Shambles were constructed for the sole purpose of moving storm water out of the cities（排水沟的唯一目的跟它们最初建在Shambles里一样，就是用于排放雨水）. In fact, discarding human excrement into these ditches was illegal in London（实际上，把人类排泄物排入这些沟渠是非法的）. Eventually, the ditches were covered over and became what we now know as storm sewers（最终，这些沟渠被遮盖起来，并且变成了我们现在所知道的雨水管道）. As water supplies developed and the use of the indoor water closet increased（随着城市供水和室内厕所的发展）, the need for transporting domestic wastewater（排放家庭污水）, called sanitary waste（即生活污水）, became obvious（变得显而易见）. In the United States（在美国）, sanitary wastes were first discharged into the storm sewers（生活污水首先被排入雨水道）, which then carried both sanitary waste and storm water and were known as combined sewers（它们既排放生活污水，也排放雨水，被称为合流制下水道）. Eventually a new system of underground pipes（最终一种新的地下管道系统出现了）, known as sanitary sewers（即生活污水排水管道）, was a constructed for removing the sanitary wastes（被建造用于专门输送排放生活污水）. Cities and parts of cities built in the twentieth century almost all built separate sewers for sanitary waste and storm water（在20世纪所建设的城市或城市部分，基本上都建设了分流制排水系统分别排放生活污水和雨水）.
最新01-14年专八汉译英(附答案)
01到14年专八汉译英真题及答案： 2014年本题是一篇典型的文学翻译，原文选自老舍名篇《我的母亲》。老舍的作品生活气息浓郁，语言朴实直白。因此，在翻译本篇时不仅要注意忠实于文字意义，更要忠实地再现原文的语言风格，所以要避免用过于高级的词汇表达和句子结构，用平实的语句表达出原文的精神面貌。 当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。可是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷的考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。入学，要交十圆的保证金。这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦，只要儿子有出息。当我由师范毕业，而被派为小学校校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。 参考译文：After I graduated from primary school，relatives and friends all suggested that I should drop out and learn a trade to help my mother. Although I knew that I ought to seek a livelihood to relieve mother of hard work and distress，I still aspired to go on with study. So I kept learning secretly. I had no courage to tell mother about the idea until admitted to a normal school which provided free uniforms，books，room and board. To enter the school，I had to pay ten Yuan as a deposit. This was a large sum of money for my family. However，after two weeks' tough effort，mother managed to raise the money and sent me off to school in tears afterwards. She would spare no pains for her son to win a bright future. On the day when I was appointed the schoolmaster after graduation，mother and I spent a sleepless night. I said to her，"you can have a rest in the future." but she replied nothing，only with tears streaming down her face. 2013年 生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 Life is like a cup of wine; people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. Hold in the hand and gaze at it, the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood, which is the impress of life. Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste, the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life, which is complicated and blurred. Once the sip is swallowed, the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind, leaving a person lifelong benefit. There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine: the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows, just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. When life comes to twilight years, it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity, just like a bottle of wine to be savored.
专英考试句子及翻译
1、The use of logarithms has decreased the labour of computing to such an extent that many calculations, which would require hours without the use of logarithms, can be performed with their aid in a small fraction of that time. 对数的使用把计算的劳动量减少到这样的程度，即许多计算当未采用对数时需要耗费数个小时，而现在由于借助对数只要用原来的很少的一部分时间就能完成。 2、For a long period of the history of mathematics, the centric place of mathematical methods was occupied by the logical deductions. 在数学史的很长的时期内，逻辑推理一直占据数学方法的中心地位。 3、Equations are of two kinds ---identities and equations of condition. 方程有两种---恒等式和条件等式。 4、Many leading institutions of higher learning have recognized that positive benefits can be gained by all who study this branch of the mathematics. 许多居领导地位的学术机构承认，所有学习这个分支的人都将得到很好的收益。 5、In this course the student will learn a great deal about geometric figures such as lines, angles, triangles, circles, and designs and patterns of many kinds. 在这门课程中，学生会学到大量几何图形，例如直线，角，三角形，圆以及许多种设计和模式。 6、Sets are a means by which mathematicians talk of collections of things in an abstract way. 集合是数学家们用抽象的方式来表述一些事物的集体的工具。 7、Some people find it helpful to think of a set as analogous to a container (such as a bag or a box) containing certain objects, its elements. The empty set is then analogous to an empty container. 一些人认为这样比喻是有益的，即集合类似于容器（如背包和盒子）装有某些东西那样，包含它的元素。空集则类似于一个空的容器。 8、Two perpendicular reference lines (called coordinate axes) are chosen, one horizontal (called the “x-axis”), the other vertical (the “y-axis”). Their point of intersection, denoted by O, is called the origin. 选取两条相互垂直的直线，其中一条是水平的（称为x轴），另一条是竖立的（为y轴）。 把它们的交点记作O，称为原点。
翻译作业
《形合和意合的差异与英汉互译》---英语专业论文范文 关键词：英汉互译形合意合语篇 摘要：由于英语语篇讲究形合，汉语语篇讲究意合，两种语言在联句成篇上的明显差异导致英汉互译不是原文单词与译文单词的对译，而是两种语言的语篇动态对译。掌握两者的差异，有助于更准确地理解原文，更地道地构建译文。 关键词：英汉；互译；形合；意合；语篇 一、引言 语言是文化的载体，任何一种语言都反映了与其相应的文化。西方人重形式分析和逻辑推理，强调“由一到多”的思维传统。在处理问题上，注意把具体问题从总体中分离出来，把极复杂的问题划分为比较简单的形式和部分，然后逐一去研究；汉民族讲究“天人合一”，重视整体思维，注重心理时空的思维方式。在处理问题上，注意从整体上，从一事物与他事物的联系上加以认识，予以解决。英汉民族思维模式的差异导致两种语言在结构上差异明显。英语讲究形合，语法显性，而汉语则注重“意合”，语法隐性。所谓形合，指的是句中的词语或分句之间用语言形式手段（如关联词）连接起来，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。汉语讲究意合。所谓意合，指的是词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。形合和意合的差异是英汉在语言学上最重要的一个区别。 二、英汉语篇形合与意合差异对英汉互译的影响 任何语言都不是独立地使用一种固定的表达模式来传递语言信息的，而是两种模式的混合自由作用。但是受文化背景、思维模式的影响，在表达过程中会表现出不同的特点。英语重形合，汉语重意合。英语行文注重结构、形式，注重显性接应，以形显意，语义连贯诉诸理性，因而句子结构严谨、完整。汉语行文注重功能、意义，注重隐性连贯，以神统形，语义连贯诉诸意向，因而汉语句子比较简洁，少用甚至不用形式连接手段。英汉在语篇的连句表意中彰显出不同的表达特色。可见英汉互译不是原文单词与译文单词的对译，而是两种语言的语篇动态对译。成功的译文应在意义上与原文等值，在遣词造句上看不出硬译的痕迹，符合译文行文要求和表达习惯，做到“信、达、雅”，即：忠实原文的实质精神，表达充分又确切，文字优雅流畅。 英汉形合、意合的差异导致汉译英时，若不加分析，一概完整地逐字、逐词、逐句照译，势必出现“汉化英语”，译文成为英文语篇中的破句或电报语，而英译汉时，则出现“英化汉语”，原文中所存在的连词在译文语篇中显得有些苍白，甚至累赘，失去了语言的简洁性、紧凑性。翻译实践证明，大量句子英汉互译时，往往需要在语篇中重新构建符合译文语言特点的表达。 1. 句子主语的调整。 英汉语句子均由主语和谓语两大部分组成，但英汉语句子主谓之间的句法关系差异明显。英语重形合，句子的主谓之间存有强制性的一致关系，决定谓语动词的人称形式和数形式，因此英语句子的主语在句中一般是不可或缺的。它是如此地不可或缺，以致当主语因修辞原因而移位时，甚至要使用形式主语来补足空位。汉语重意合，句子的主谓之间没有强制性的一致关系，主语对谓语动词的形式没有决定作用，句法地位并不十分重要，在语境（包括上下文、情景语境、常识与背景知识等）中为交际双方所共知的主语常常省去，以意承脉，因而汉语中存在大量的无主句或主语省略句。如以下汉语中的无主句，译成英语时则要补出主语。 （1）好，不再说了吧；要落泪了，真想念北平呀！ （老舍，想北平） Now，let me leave off writing，for I am on the point of shedding tears. How I miss. Peiping! （2）凭窗站了一会儿，微微的觉得凉意侵人。 （冰心，笑） Standing at the window for a while，I felt a bit chilly. （3）It is hard to find out what any county can door will do next. （Lord Dunsany：The Greatest Invention） 很难预料一个国家能做什么或是接着会干什么。 2. 句式上的调整。 意合在形态上是平级配列，而形合在形态上是次级配列。汉语的句子以说话者的意念为主轴，形成一种意念机制，表
最新近十年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案-
2007年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案 C-E:暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。 Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their heads, eating by the river bank. Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of the Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where he is resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk. The exuberant water plants have nutrited the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls. When approaching near, you would find their lily-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial impressions.
英语期末考试句子翻译
任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票（vote）.(be eligible to ) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for,scholarship) A form to apply for scholarships is sent by the university to each student before the start of each semester . 遵照医生建议，我决定戒烟。（on the advice of） On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking . 公司位于县城的正中央.(Be located in) The park is located right in the center of town . 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(Facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 警察们正忙着填写关于这场事故的各种表格。（fill out） The policemen are busy filling out forms about the accident. 我想在还车之前把邮箱（fuel tank）加满（fill up） I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car. 如果你要投诉，最好遵循正确的程序。（follow the procedure） If you want to make a complaint,you would better follow the correct procedure. 要不是约翰帮忙，我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。（without） We could not have finished the experiment so soon without John’s help. 暴风雨之后，岸边的人们焦急地搜索湖面以期待发现小船的踪迹。 After the storm of boat the people on the store anxiously scanned the lake for any sign. 我们需要通过减少道路上的车辆以降低燃料消耗。（consumption） We need to cut down on our fuel consumption by having fewer cars on the road. 电费上涨增加了我们的负担。（add to） The rise in power costs has added to our burden. 你应该自己判断行事，别总是跟在你哥哥后面。（follow the lead） You should fudge by yourself,and not always follow your brother’s. 那种发型今年很流行，但是我想明年就会过时。（in fashion） That hair style is in fashion this year,but I an afraid it will be out of fashion next year. 在追求真理的过程中，我们注定（fate to）要遭受失败的痛苦。（in one’s quest for） In our quest for truth, we are fated to suffer from many failures. 我们得把感情放在一边，从专业的（professinal）角度来对待这件事。（from a```stand point）We have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional stand point. 这部戏非常精彩，我很快就沉浸于激动人心的剧情之中。（lose oneself in of ） The plan was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement in of it. 她没有什么爱好——除非你把看电视也算是一种爱好。 She hasn’t got any hobbies---unless you call watching TV a hobby. 他说他是直接从市长本人那里得到这个信息的。（first-hand） He said he had got the information first-hand from the major himself. 既然你不能回答这个问题，我们最好问问别人。（since） Since you can not answer the question, perhaps we would better ask someone else. 那件工作很难做，不过我想试试看。（have a shot） It is a difficult iob but I’d like to have a shot. 这是一本关于商务实践而非理论的书。（as opposed to）
英专综合教程6册课文翻译及课后答案Answer-to-unit1
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