北京故宫日语导游词

北京故宫日语导游词

【篇一:故宫の日语导游词】

故宫の日语导游词

今日はこれから故宫へご案内しますが、少し时间がございますので、故宫のあらましをご说明したいと思います。

故宫とはその字が表すとおり古い宫殿という意味で、中国の明、

清両王朝の皇居として建造されたものです。当时は紫禁城と言っ

ていましたが、1925年に故宫博物院と改められ、一般に公开され

るようになりました。

紫禁城の造営を命じたのは、明の第三代皇帝朱てい、つまり永楽

皇帝です。今から600年前の1406年に造営が始まり、约15年间

かかり、1420年に落成しました。その后、何回も立て直されたり、増筑されたりして、いまの规模になりましたが、ここで明、清両

代に渡って24人の皇帝が全中国を支配していたのです。

紫禁城は昔の北京城、つまり北京の町の中央线上にその中心が来

るように建てられていて、その建筑规模は世界に并ぶものがあり

ません。しかも、中国において、最も完全に保存されている最大

の古代建筑群です。紫禁城は长方形で、南北960メートル、东西750メートル、敷地面积は72万平方メートル、建筑面积は15万

平方メートルにも及んでいます。こんな広大な敷地の中を详しく

ご覧になるのでしたら一周间ぐらい必要だそうです。そこで今日

は特徴あるところだけに触れ、実际に见学なさるときにまたその

场でご案内したいと思います。

まず、故宫を见学されるとどなたでもすぐ気付かれることは、一

种独特な色彩であることでしょう。宫殿全体を取りまいているの

はベンガラ色の壁です。この色は単に美しいためばかりでなく、

古来中国では尊さと豊かさを表すものとして、用いられてきました。また、夥しい建筑群の屋根は黄、绿、黒、紫などの瑠璃瓦が

使われています。黄色は中国の五行学说の中で中央の方角を代表

しているので、皇帝の色とされてきました。ですから、皇帝の住

まい及び政务を司る所の建物には全て黄色の瑠璃瓦を用いたわけ

です。皇子たちの住まいには黄色に准ずる色として绿色の瑠璃瓦

を用いていますし、文渊阁と名づけられている书物を入れておく

仓库は、黒色の瑠璃瓦になっています。なぜ黒を使ったかと申し

ますと、黒は水を代表する色であったので、书库を火灾から守る

ためだそうです。さて、故宫の中へ一歩足を踏み入れられますと、どなたもどのぐらいの部屋があるのだろうかと思いになることで

しょう。実は、この広大な敷地の中には9000间以上あるといわれ

ています。最もこの「间」というのは柱と柱の间を表す言い方で

すので、実际にはずっと少なくなるわけですが、それにしても夥

しい数に违いありません。数え上げるのに相当な时间と根気がい

るのです。

次にこれらの建物がどのように使用されてきたかについて、ざっ

とご说明したいと思います。故宫は主に前朝と内廷に分かれており、前朝は皇帝が厳かな式典を行い、権力を示す场所です。「太

和殿」、「中和殿」、「保和殿」という三大宫殿を中心として、「文华殿」、「武英殿」が両侧に立っています。内廷のほうは

「乾清宫」、「交泰殿」、「坤宁宫」及び「御花园」を中心に、

両侧には东西六宫などの宫殿が立ち并んでいます。「乾清宫」は

皇帝が住んでいた所ですが、ここも日常の政务が执り行われたり、大臣、部下や外国からの使节と会见する场所として使われていま

した。「交泰殿」は皇后の诞生祝いの仪式を挙げる所ですが、こ

こには皇帝の権威を表す25个の玉玺、つまり印鉴が纳められてい

ました。「坤宁宫」は皇后の住まいとして使われた所です。「御

花园」はもちろん皇帝、皇后、妃、皇子たちの憩いの场所

【篇二:故宫导游词】

首先我来介绍故宫的概况。

故宫过去叫紫禁城,它是明清两代的皇宫。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐

四年(1406年)永乐十八年建成,占地面积72万多平方米,距今

已有600年的历史。在这里曾居住了明清两朝24位皇帝。紫禁城的

建筑是依据我国古代的《周礼.考工记》中“前朝、后市、左祖、右社”的原则建造的。

那么为什么叫“紫禁城”呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。咱们中国是

一个天文学非常发达的国家,早在3000多年前的甲骨文中就有许多

关于天象的记载。在古代的天象观测中,人们发现,有一颗星的位

臵是不变的,始终居于天空的正中,它是紫微星,也就是大家熟悉

的北极星。人们认为那是天帝居住的宫殿,称它为“紫宫”。皇帝称

自己为天子,就是天帝的儿子,他所居住的宫殿就叫“紫宫”,这是

其一,其二呢,皇帝居住的宫院,对寻常老百姓来说,是绝对的禁

忌之地。于是两层含义合起来,所以就叫“紫禁城”

紫禁城是明朝的第三个皇帝朱棣,也就是永乐皇帝在1406年开始

营建的,用了14年的时间才全部建成,1421年正式迁都北京。从

明朝永乐到清朝宣统,共有24位皇帝在这儿居住过,统治中国达

491年。相传紫禁城有宫殿9999间半,实际上是8700多间,是我国也是世界上目前规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。这些宫殿

沿中轴线排列,并向两边展开,左右对称,格局严正,气魄雄伟,

极为壮观。当我们漫步在这些宫殿之间时,不仅仅可以亲身接触到

它的一砖一瓦,还会欣赏到青铜、玉器、书画、珠宝等珍贵的文物。要知道,这些文物都是从故

宫博物院150多万件藏品中精心挑选出来的,您定会爱不够,也看

不够。再者说,在那些文物的背后,在眼前这些殿宇之中曾经发生

过许许多多令人荡气回肠的故事,足以让您听不够、想不够。简单

一句话,您今天走进了这明清两代的皇宫,就是走进了中华文明的

宝库。

故宫的全称是“故宫博物院”,因为它是在明清两朝的皇宫和宫廷旧

藏文物的基础上,建立起来的综合性国家级博物馆。说到这儿您可

能会问了,那故宫博物院是什么时候成立的呢?不要着急,这还要

从末代皇帝溥仪的退位说起。1911年,辛亥革命推翻了清王朝的统治,1912年溥仪正式宣布退位。按说,这座宫殿应该收归国有。可是,按照当时的规定,溥仪却被允许居住在后宫部分,长达十几年。在1924年冬季的一天,冯玉祥将军的手下鹿钟麟,将溥仪和他的

后妃逐出了皇宫,同时成立“清室善后委员会”,接管故宫,并对皇

宫中的文物进行了清点。又经过一年的紧张筹备,1925年10月10

日在乾清门前广场举行了盛大的建院典礼。那天,为了争先目睹这

座神秘的皇宫和宫殿里珍藏的宝贝,许多人拥向故宫,北京城万人

空巷、交通堵塞,这件事成了当天各大报纸的重要新闻。

故宫在开放的第一天,到底接待了多少游客,我们不知道。可这几年,每年都有近1000万中外游客到故宫参观游览。因为故宫是全年365天开放的,算起来,每天平均要接待将近3万人呢。

故宫博物院已经有80多年的历史了,在这么长的时间,尤其是新中国成立后,故宫在古建筑保护、文物收藏、研究和展览方面,取得

了巨大的进步。您知道吗?目前故宫珍藏的文物有150多万件,占

全国文物

馆藏总量的十分之一,其中一级文物占全国文物的五分之一还多呢?那故宫的文物都有哪些品种呢?这150多万件文物种类齐全,包括

玉器、陶瓷、书画、珐琅、漆器、金银器,以及大量帝后、妃嫔服饰、衣料和家具等十多个门类。

这些年来,故宫博物院除了保存和复原三大殿、后三宫和西六宫外,又开辟了青铜、陶瓷、书画、珍宝、钟表等专馆,并经常举办各种

临时的主题性展览。另外,你还可以到故宫的网站上看看,网址是:https://www.360docs.net/doc/3417568637.html,. (d是英文digital 数字的意思;pm是palace museum,故宫的意思。中文意思就是数字故宫。

城池

午门是皇宫的正门,因其位于紫禁城的午位(正南方)故称午门。“五凤楼”;在明清两朝,它的地位非常重要,许多重大仪式都是在

这里举行的。比如:每年农历十月,皇帝要亲自到这儿来颁布下一

年的历书。另外,打完仗,将士得胜回朝后,要在午门前举行隆重

的献俘礼。午门有时也会作为举行喜庆活动的场所。每年农历正月

十五的元宵节,这儿要张灯结彩、“放灯”三天,而且允许平民百姓

来赏灯游玩,显示皇家于民同乐、普天同庆的太平景象。然而,说

到这午门,大家都会想到“退出午门斩首”这句话吧。其实,这句话

纯属误传,北京当时的刑场在南城的菜市口。那这句话是怎么传出

来的呢?过去大臣们和皇帝在朝堂上议政,经常出现意见不和的情况。在明朝时,皇帝就可以把触犯他的大臣拉到午门外用竹子打屁股。这叫廷杖。千万不要小看这竹子,它是一种碗口粗的毛竹,里

面还要灌上水银,据说是为了加大杀伤力,几杖下

去就能皮开肉绽。被打的人不死也要终生残疾。这种恐怖的事情从

皇宫传到民间,就逐渐变成“推出午门斩首”了。

神武门故宫的北门。这座门故去除了供帝后妃嫔、太监、宫女们进

进出出外,还是击鼓报时的场地。当年这门楼上有一支大鼓和一口

大钟,每夜有专人值班击鼓报更。这里说的更,是过去人们对夜间

的计时方法,一更约为两个小时,一夜分五更。夜里11点到第二天

1点,正是三更的时候,所以就有了“三更半夜”或“半夜三更”的说法。每天夜幕降临后,在击鼓报初更之前,先要敲钟108响。楼高夜静,紫禁城里的人们,都能听到这钟鼓声。

东华门是整个明代皇宫的东门,与西华门一东一西,遥相对应。东

华门与西华门不像午门与神武门那样处于正南正北方为,而是处于

靠近东南、西南方位。

西华门是紫禁城的西门,门外与东华门一样矗立着一块下马石碑。

这个门的职能与东华门相同,是大臣们上朝进宫出入的必经之地,

或许因为出入东华门要经过一大片马厩的缘故,大多数朝臣一般进

出皇宫都走西华门。清代皇帝和太后平时出宫游玩也多走西华门。

角楼在紫禁城高高的城墙上,有四座小巧别致、精美无比的角楼。

它们像四颗明珠,镶嵌在高大的城墙上,它们不仅是我国,也是世

界上的建筑精品。这角楼的建筑十分复杂,它一共有三层檐。关于

这角楼的建造,还有一个故事呢,我来说说吧。相传,明朝的永乐

皇帝在修建皇宫时,特意指定要在紫禁城的死角,各建造一座“九梁

十八柱七十二脊”的角楼,并且限期100天,盖不好要杀头。谁也没

有见过这么复杂

的建筑阿,这可难坏了全国各地的能工巧匠。眼看皇帝的限期就要

到了,工匠们愁的都吃不下饭。这是,来了一个卖蝈蝈的老头儿。

他那蝈蝈笼子非常精致漂亮,大家都为过去看那巧夺天工的笼子。

有个工匠不自觉的数起笼子上的玉米秸,“一根梁,两根梁…..”一数,一共是九根横粱、十八根柱子、七十二个脊。哎,这部正式咱们要

盖的角楼吗!大家非常兴奋,突然想起卖蝈蝈的老头儿,可一看,

老头儿不见了。工匠们七嘴八舌的说,这是鲁班爷显灵,来救我们了。于是,工匠们如期建好了角楼。

护城河和金水河紫禁城城垣的外围围绕着一条宽52米,深6米的

护城河,河岸陡直,由条石砌成,俗称筒子河。清代护城河的北、东、西三面内侧建有守卫围房732间,戒备森严。护城河水的源头

是京西的玉泉山,玉泉山水经过颐和园、运河、西直门的高梁桥,

流到市中心的后海,然后从地安门的步梁桥下分出支流,经景山西

门的地道进入护城河。从康熙朝开始在护城河中种莲藕,农历七月,荷花盛开,十分壮观。收获的莲子和莲藕除交给宫中食用外,剩余

的拿到市场上卖,所得银子作为小花销。嘉庆以后开始出租给人养

荷收取租金。故宫周围有两条金水河,一条是内金水河,一条是外

金水河。外金水河在天安门前,其水系来自护城河西边的河段,护

城河河水到达宫墙西南角后,进入地道,在从织女桥流出,绕过社

稷坛,从外金水桥流过,经牛郎桥向东过天妃闸,流出皇城。内金

水河的水是从神武门西边的地道引入的护城河河水,河水沿内廷西

区供电墙外向南流,在慈宁花园墙外向东南转,蜿蜒经武英殿,在

太和门前广场形成一个优美的拱形渠,然后转向北流经文渊阁,【篇三:北京故宫导游词-中英对照版】

故宫导游解说词

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女士们、先生们:

今天有幸陪同大家一道参观,我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名的

故宫博物馆,一般大家都简称它为故宫,顾名思义,就是昔日的皇

家宫殿。自1911年清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯

至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此,先后有明朝的14位,清朝的10位,共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达

五个世纪之久。帝王之家,自然规模宏大,气势磅礴,时至今日这

里不仅在中国,在世界上也是规模最大,保存最完整的古代皇家宫

殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统

和独特风格,所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位,是建筑艺术的

经典之作,1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence

in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction

began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the

first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

故宫又称紫禁城,究其由来,是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而

形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在

三垣的中央,正符合“紫微居中”的说法。因此,古人认为紫外线微

垣是天帝之座,故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊,因此

他们也要模仿天帝,在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字,以表现其位居

中央,环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传

说老子出函谷关,关令尹喜见有紫气从东来,知道将有圣人过关。

果然老子骑了青牛前来,喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象,那么用“紫”

字来命名也就顺理成章了。“禁”字的意思就比较明显了,那就是皇

宫禁地,戒备森严,万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字,在1924年末代

皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步,大家可

以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严,神圣不可侵犯啊!

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son

of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ‖an eastern purple cloud is drifting‖ became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

紫禁城建在北京,是有其历史的,也因为这里是一块风水宝地,说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建,用了14年的时间才基本建成,到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了,故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群,为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为,

五行包括金,木,水,火,土,其中土占中央方位,因为华夏民族

世代生息在黄土高原上,所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情,于是从唐朝起,黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩,其他人不得在服

饰和建筑上使用。而红色,则寓意着美满,吉祥和富贵,正由于这

些原因,故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红,黄两种颜色。

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good

fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

故宫占地72万多平方米,有宫殿楼阁9900多间,建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高9.9米,号称10米的城墙,墙外一周是52米宽的护城河,俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米,东西宽约760米,城上四角各有一座结构奇异,和谐美观的角楼,呈八角形,人称九

梁十八柱,七十二条脊。城四周各设一门,南面的正门是午门,北

门叫神武门,东门叫东华门,西门叫西华门。

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a

52-meter-wide-moat encircles a

9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are

four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east

故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万,民夫100万人。所

用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县,五

色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山,花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫殿内墁

地的方砖,烧制在苏州,砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。宫殿墙壁上所

用的红色,原料产自山东宣化(今高青县)的烟筒山。木料则主要

来自湖广,江西,山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。

. manpower and materials throughout the country were used

to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province.

paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls

came from linqing in shandong province .timber was

cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and

southern regions

我们眼前的建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城的正门,俗称五凤楼。明代,每年正月十五,午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年农历十月初一,都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式,清代

乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”的名字,故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。清代,皇帝举行朝会或大祀,以及元旦,冬至,万寿,大婚等重大节日,

都要在这里陈设卤簿,仪仗。此外,国家凡有征战凯旋时,皇帝在

午门接受献俘典礼,如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as

wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing of

ficals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning

of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban

li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of

new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for

example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war

关于“推出午门斩首”的说法,可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷

衍而来的。实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪,有的在午门廷杖,当然严

重的可能也有被当场打死的。

(进午门后金水桥前)

after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the

five marble bridges on golden water river

现在我们已经到了故宫里面,在正式游览之前,我先介绍一下故宫

的布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米,在这样大的面积上,

集各种建筑手法,建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群,不但没有纷杂

现象,反而给人以结构严谨,色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉,最主要

的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红,这条中轴线和整座

北京城有机地结为一体,北从钟楼,南至永定门,总长度约8公里,皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上,其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封

建君主的“尊严”和对封建等级制度的森严。

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important

building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line.

the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们在外朝的最南端正,前面是太和门。门

前有一对青铜狮子,威严,凶悍,成了门前桥头的守卫者,象征着

权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子,门前的狮子自然最精美,最高大了。

东边立的为雄狮,前爪下有一只幼狮,象征皇权永存,千秋万代。

我们眼前的这条小河,叫金水河,起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥

象征孔子所提倡的五德:仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓,中轴线就是箭,这表明皇帝受命于天,代天帝治理国家。

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner

count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme

harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze

lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were

the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore

claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and

the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that

the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(在太和门前)

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

故宫建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。由午门到乾清门之间的部

分分为“外朝”,以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿,左右对称,形成“外朝”雄伟壮观的格局。三大

殿前后排列在同一个庞大的“工”字型汉白玉石殿基上,殿基高8米,分为三层,每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕,三台中有三层石雕“御路”。太和殿俗称金銮殿,是故宫最高大的一座建筑物,也是国内最高大、最壮丽的古代木结构建筑。乾清门以内为“内廷”,建筑布局也是左

右对称。中部为乾清宫,交泰殿、坤宁宫,是封建皇帝居住和处理

日常政务的地方。两侧的东、西六宫是嫔妃的住所,东、西一所是

皇子的住所。“内廷”还有为皇家游玩的三处花园——御花园、慈宁

花园、乾隆花园。内金水河沿“内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外,河上有白玉石桥,沿河两岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕

栏杆,形似玉带。故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶,在阳光下金

碧辉煌,庄严美观。

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity.

the ―three big halls‖ of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious ―h‖-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each

level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases

linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor

halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

故宫中的建筑除了突出中轴线外,还用了各种手法,使宫城中各组

建筑独具特色。比如殿基的处理,殿顶的形式,吻兽和垂脊兽的数目,彩绘图案的规制等等。这样,不仅使主要建筑更显得高大,壮观,而且还表现了宫中建筑的等级差别。民间传说故宫有房9999间半,说天上的皇宫一共有房10000间,地上的皇帝自称“天子”,不

敢与其同数,所以就少了半间。这半间房在哪儿呢?它指的便是文

渊阁西头那一小间。实际上紫禁城有房9000余间,所谓的这半间是

根本不存在的。文渊阁西头一间,面积虽小,仅能容纳一个楼梯,

但它仍是一整间。文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部《四库全书》的地方,为了照顾布局上的美观,所以把西头一间建造的格外小。

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic

spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it

that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that

this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange

pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room

is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where ―si

ku quan shu‖- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(经过太和门之后)

after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

女士们、先生们,前面的大殿叫太和殿,俗称金銮殿,是故宫内最

大宫殿。建筑面积2377平方米,重檐庑殿顶,是殿宇中最高等级,

为外朝三大殿中最大的一座。太和殿建在三层重叠的“工”字型须弥

座上,由汉白玉雕成,离地8余米,下层台阶21级,中,上层各9级。

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space

of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a

triple ―h‖-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and

linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9

太和殿始建于公元1406年,经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹的毁坏,

现在大家看到的是清朝建的。四个屋檐上各有一排动物,原来是钉子,用来固定瓦片用的,后来换成了神话传说中的动物,据说可以

辟邪,而且数量越多,表明建筑越重要。太和殿上有9个,9是阳之极数,依次为7、5、3、1,平民百姓家是不允许有这种装饰的。

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of

the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled

明清两朝曾有24个皇帝在此登基,宣布即位诏书。元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、册立皇后、颁布法令、政令、派将出征、金殿传胪以及赐安等等,皇帝都要在这里举行仪式,接受文武百官朝贺。

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to

war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of

terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.清朝末代皇帝溥仪1908年底登基时,年仅3岁,由他父亲摄政王载沣把他抱扶到宝座上。当大典开始时差,突然鼓乐齐鸣,吓得小

皇帝哭闹不止,嚷着要回家去。载沣急得满头大汗,只好哄着小皇

帝说:“别哭,别哭,快完了,快完了!”大臣们认为此话不吉祥,

说来也巧,3年后清朝果真就灭亡了,从而结束了我国2000多年的封建统治。

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared. he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting, ―i dont want to stay here. i want to go home.‖his father tried to soothe him, saying, ―itll all soon be finished. itll all soon be finished‖ the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china’s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

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