南京大学MTI英语翻译基础答案by东哥讲解
南京大学2010-2014 MTI英语翻译基础答案
2010年
I. Phrase Translation
1.可持续性发展sustainable development
2.安居工程affordable housing project
3.特区政府Special Administrative Region; special district government
4.全球变暖global warming
5.个人所得税individual income tax
6.知识产权intellectual property rights
7.弱势群体disadvantaged groups; the disadvantaged
8.应试教育exam-oriented education
9.内需domestic demand
10.通货膨胀inflation
11.为促进祖国统一, 就要有适当的方法。reunification
12.搞改革,总难免要犯错误，这是历史经验证明了的。historical experience
13.海峡两岸的中国人民都是骨肉同胞。Both sides of the Taiwan Straits
14.我们要有一个农林牧副渔布局合理，全面发展，能够满足人民生活和工业发展的发达的农业。
Farming；Agriculture
15.WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织
16.EU European Union欧盟
17.IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织
18.APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织
19.UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3419111045.html,N Cable News Network美国有线电视新闻网
21.Pentagon 五角大楼（美国国防部）
22.Globalization 全球化
23.EL Nino 厄尔尼诺现象
24.Apartheid 种族隔离制
25.Although no longer slaves after the Civil War, American blacks took no significant art in the life of white America except as servants and laborers. 美国白人
26. His grandmother was a gypsy woman once, but settled there when the boy’s mother was born. 吉普赛人
27. Four days after liftoff on July 20, the Eagle landing craft fell to an altitude of ten miles, then fired its rocket to slow itself out of orbit and into descent. 发射，起飞; 登陆艇
28. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the ME conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories and Arabs acknowledgement of Israel’s right to exist. 中东冲突
II. Passage translation
Section A Chinese to English
In any other week, today would merely be Thursday and the gathering of all these people – the cooking and serving and cleaning – a chore. But today it doe sn’t feel that way. The host –perhaps it’s you – stands up and asks that we give thanks, and we do, each in our own way. And what we’re thankful for is simply this, the food, the shelter, the company and, above all, the sense of belonging.
As holidays go, Thanksgiving is in some ways the most philosophical. Today we try not to take for granted the things we almost always take for granted. We try, if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives to what lies behind them. In other words, we try to understand how very rich we are, whether we feel very rich or not. Today is one of the few times most Americans consciously set desire aside, if only because desire is incompatible with the gratitude – not to mention the abundance – that Thanksgiving summons.
It’s tempting to think that one Thanksgiving is pretty much like another, except for differences in the guest list and the recipes. But it isn’t true. This is always a feast about where we are now. Thanksgi ving reflects the complexion of the year we’re in. Some years it feels buoyant, almost jubilant in nature. Other years it seems marked by a conspicuous humility uncommon in the calendar of American emotions.
And this year? We will probably remember this Thanksgiving as a banquet of mixed emotions. This is, after all, a profoundly American holiday. The undertow of business as usual seems especially strong this year. The shadow of a war and misgivings over the future loom in the minds of many of us. Most years we enjoy the privacy of Thanksgiving, but this year, somehow, the holiday feels like part of a public effort to remember and reclaim for ourselves what it means to be American.
That means giving thanks for some fundamental principles that should be honored every day of the year in the life of this nation – principles of generosity, tolerance and inclusion. This is a feast that no one should be turned away from. The abundance of the food piled on the table should signify that there is plenty for all, plenty to be shared. The welcome we feel makes sense only if we also extend it to others.
叶子南译文：
在一年中其他星期，今天也只不过是个普通的星期四，所有的人聚在一起做饭上菜，清洗杯盘，少不了麻烦一番。但是今天则不感觉麻烦。主人—也可能是你—会站起来邀我们说一些感激的话，我们也会以自己的方式表示感激。我们感激的无非是裹腹之物、栖身之所、亲友陪伴，最重要的是那份归属感。
在众多的节日里，感恩节可以说是最令人深思的节日。今天我们会开始珍视那些习以为常的东西。要是我们在未开动就餐之时祈祷片刻，我们会看到在一成不变的生活背后的真正含义。换言之，我们会觉得我们是如此富有也或者不是，我们也会认为自己是富有的。今天是难得美国人会把欲望搁置一边的几个节日之一，哪怕是因为欲望和感恩节说倡导的感恩总是格格不入，更不用说那一桌冯胜的菜肴了。
人们不禁会觉得，除了宾客和菜式不同，感恩节年年依旧。然而则不然。这总是我们现在正享受的节日。感恩节反映我们这一年来的过得好坏与否。有些年这个节日是令人愉快的，几乎整个都是喜气洋洋的。有些年，它可能充满了美国人通常不会表现出来的谦卑。
那么今年呢？我们可能记住的是感恩节好似一个交织着复杂情感的盛宴。毕竟，这是一个具有深远意义的美国特色节日之一。一如既往的经济衰退在今年尤显严重。战争的阴影和对未来的担忧一直盘踞在我们许多人的脑海中。很多年我们享受着感恩节带给我们的愉悦，但是今年，它像是我们和国人一起努力去记住和沉思对作为美国人来说它意味着什么。
那么它意味着我们应该对一些基本原则而感恩，一些应该在这个国家生活每日被推崇的原则，也就是慷慨，容忍和包容的原则。这是一个不会有人会拒绝的节日。堆在桌上丰富的食物应该意味着还有很多可以被分享的食物。我们感受到的感激只有在别人也感激我们的时候才会显得有意义。
Section B English to Chinese
上个世纪中，现代科学技术的各个部门以前所未有的速度迅猛地向前发展，科学家们在基础研究领域取得一系列突破性进展，由此产生的大量应用技术得以迅速推广，人们的生活质量大大提高，人类社会在这100年中创造出了比过去一个千年还要多的物质财富，人类社会由此呈现出空前的繁荣景象！
然而，随着科学技术每个领域里的惊人进步，我们的面前展现出越来越广阔的未知世界，传统的观念和理论受到有力的冲击，新技术革命的浪潮已经并且还在引起生产组织、产业结构和社会生活的重大变革。
从某种意义上说，科学技术的发展也给人类社会，尤其是给众多富有社会责任感的科学家和学者们带来了新的挑战，如何给予科学发展更多的人文关怀，如何在科学技术日新月异的时代建设一个和平友爱，保持均衡、可持续发展的绿色世界，成为当前最重要的课题之一！
参考译文：In the 20th century, every division of modern science and technology advanced at an unprecedented speed. Breakthroughs were made in fundamental research fields. From the achievements in these fields, a large amount of technology derived and was quickly applied, which contributed to the dramatic improvement of human life. The wealth produced in this one hundred years exceeded the wealth accumulated in the previous one thousand years. The human society has shown an unprecedented prosperity.
However, with the remarkable development in every field of science and technology, the world of unknown has gradually unveiled itself. The conventional values and principles have been challenged. The wave of the new technological revolution has triggered significant reformations in production organizations, industry structure, society and life.
In a sense, the scientific and technological development has brought new challenges to humanity, especially to those responsible scientists and scholars. How to bring more humanity to scientific advancement? How to build a green world with peace and balanced, sustainable development in an age with a rocketing advancement in science and technology? Currently, these are topics of utmost importance.
2011年
I. Phrase Translation
1.WHO: World Health Organization世界卫生组织
2.CBD: Central Business District中央商业区，中心商务区
3.CPU: Central Processing Unit中央处理器
4.IMF: 国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)
5.ISO: International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织
6.OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织
7.UNESCO: 联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization)
8.Euromart: European Common Market欧洲共同市场
9.Guiness Book of Record: 吉尼斯世界纪录
10.negative population growth: 人口负增长
11.the European Economic Community: 欧洲经济共同体
12.World Intellectual Property Organization: 世界知识产权组织
13,Global warming is believed to be the results of an enhanced greenhouse effect. 温室效应
14. The English system of house buying depends initially upon a gentleman’s agreement between the buyer and the seller without any backing from the law. 君子协定
15. The I-steel is frequently used in construction.工字形钢
16.安居工程: Affordable Housing Project
17.不可再生资源: non-renewable resources
18.多党合作制: the system of multi-party cooperation
19.工业园区industrial parks/zones
20.绿色食品green food
21.泡沫经济bubble economy
22.人才流失brain drain
23.售后服务after-sale service
24.技术下乡spread technological knowledge to farmers
25.可持续发展：sustainable development
26.老字号time-honored brands；an old and famous shop or enterprise
27.台湾回归祖国，完成统一大业是我们这一代人光荣的历史使命。The great cause of reunification
28.学分制：Credit system
29.独立关税地区：Separate customs territory
30.精神文明：cultural and ideological progress; intellectual and ideological development
II. Passage translation
Section A Chinese to English
The Industrial Revolution is a long train of changes starting about 1760. It is not alone: it forms one of a triad of revolutions, of which the other two were the American Revolution that started in 1775, and the French Revolution that started in 1789. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. The Industrial Revolution is simply the English way of making those social changes. I think of it as the English Revolution.
What makes it especially English? Obviously, it began in England. England was already the leading manufacturing nation. But the manufacture was cottage industry, and the Industrial Revolution begins in the villages. The men who make it are
craftsmen: the millwright, the watchmaker, the canal builder, and the blacksmith. What makes the Industrial Revolution so peculiarly English is that it is rooted in the countryside?
During the first half of the eighteenth century, in the old age of Newton and the decline of the Royal Society, England basked in a last Indian summer of village industry and the overseas trade of merchant adventurers. The summer faded. Trade grew more competitive. By the end of the century the needs of industry were harsher and more pressing. The organization of work in the cottage was no longer productive enough. Within two generations, roughly between 1760 and 1820, the customary way of running industry changed. Before 1760, it was standard to take work to villagers in their own homes. By 1820, it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen.
参考答案：工业革命是开始于1760的一系列变革。它绝非是唯一的：它是三场革命中的一场，另外两场革命分别是始于1775的美国独立战争和始于1789年的法国大革命。把工业革命与两场政治革命放在一起来讨论似乎有些奇怪。但是事实上它们都是社会革命。工业革命只是以英国化的方式使社会发生改变，我把他看成英国革命。
是什么使这次革命极其英国化？很显然，它开始于英格兰。英格兰已经是领先的生产国，但是制造业都是家庭手工业，因此工业革命在乡村开始的。发起这次革命的是一些工匠，包括造水车工匠、钟表匠、运河建造者以及铁匠。使工业革命如此英国化的因素是它植根于农村。
在十八世纪上半叶，在牛顿生命的晚期，在英国皇家协会不断衰落中，英格兰的乡村工业和商业冒险家的海外贸易在最后的兴旺中大大受益。鼎盛时期开始走下坡路了，贸易竞争越来越激烈。十八世纪末，工业需求越来越严酷，越来越紧迫。家庭手工业的生产组织方式满足不了需求。两代之内，大体上从1760年到1820年，经营工业的传统方式发生了改变。在1760年前，把工作带到村民们家里做是当时的标准。到1820年，其标准是把工人带到工厂里去工作并监控他们的行为。
Section B English to Chinese
中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派，这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族传统文化有它的许多珍贵品质，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调仁爱，强调群体，强调和而不同，强调天下为公。特别是“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情找，“民为邦本”，“民贵君轻”的民本思想，“己所不欲勿施于人”的待人之道，吃苦耐劳，勤俭持家，尊师重教的传统美德，世代相传。所有这些，对家庭，国家和社会起到了巨大的维系与调节作用。
参考答案: The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago, there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism represented by Lao Zi and ZhuangZi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term “the masters’ hundred schools.” The traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas an d qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is fo r all. Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying”Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country”; the populist ideas that “people are the foundation of the country” and that “people are the more important than the monarch”; the code of conduct of “Treat others as you want to be treated”. And the traditional virtues taught from generation to generation: endurance and hard working diligence and frugality in household management, and respecting teachers and valuing education. All of which have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society.
2012年
I. Phrase Translation
1.不可再生资源：non-renewable resources
2.泡沫经济：bubble economy
3.通货紧缩: deflation
4.财政赤字: fiscal deficit
5.参政议政: participate in the administration and discussion of state affairs
6.人才流失: brain drain
7.扶贫: poverty alleviation
8.春蕾计划: Spring Buds Program
9.按揭贷款: mortgage loans
10.网民: netizen
11.用户在技术交流时，向贵方专家提出了许多问题。questions
12.中国的经济是一个大问题，各级领导务必优先考虑。issue
13.一座大厦如果有了白蚁，不加防治，不到十年时间，里面的地板就会被蚀蛀一空。Prevention and treatment
14. 我们要有一个农林牧副渔布局合理，全面发展，能够满足人民生活和工业发展的发达的农业。Farming; agriculture
15.EU: 欧盟（European Union）
16.IMF: 国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund）
17.APEC: 亚太经济合作组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)
18.YOG: 青奥会(Youth Olympic Games)
19.FIFA: 国际足球联盟（Federation Internationale de Football Association）
20.ISBN: 国际标准图书编号（International Standard Book Number）
21.sovereign credit rating: 主权信用评级
22.webcasting: 网播，网络直播
23.no smoke without fire: 无风不起浪
24.look for a needle in a haystack. 大海捞针
25. In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed. 照片底片
26. Last December, Washington Post first reported that investigations were being made in each of t-he cites, but officials refused to confirm the story. 报道
27. Slowly, Apollo 11 began to rise. The sound of the liftoff overwhelmed the screams of millions of spectators, many of whom now called in unison, “Go! Go! Go! Go!” 覆盖，淹没
28. I had been overwhelmed by her beauty and her smile. 征服，俘虏
29. She tried to right her husband from the charge of bribery. 摆脱，伸冤，纠正II. Passage translation
Section A Chinese to English
When scientists evaluate the connection between tornados and climate change, there are really two big questions they’re asking: First, is the 2011 tornadoes part of a trend? Has tornado activity changed along with rising global temperatures so far? Second, scientists ask whether the factors that create tornadoes have been affected by climate change, and whether those factors are likely to be affected in the future. This is where all the uncertainty comes in.
For one thing, our data on tornado trends is imperfect. At first glance, you might think the number of tornadoes has increased since the 1990s. But most of that is actually the result of better technology improving our ability to spot smaller, weaker tornadoes, and to notice tornadoes in places where few people live, according to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Bad data means that we can’t reliably say whether tornado counts are increasing.
So, instead, NOAA looks at the variables. Tornadoes are somewhat random things. We can find factors that are associated with tornado formation–things like moisture content in the atmosphere, quick changes in wind speed and direction, and what meteorologists call thermodynamic instability, basically mixing between layers of warm air and cooler air. But just because those factors exist doesn’t necessarily mean a tornado will appear.
There are many things that can affect these factors that make tornadoes more likely. Scientists have found that climate change is something that can affect tornado conditions. But when NOAA looked at data for the past 30 years’ worth of Aprils in the Mississippi Valley, they didn’t see evidence of any trends that would mean tornado weather is already becoming more frequent.
Because of that, NOAA says it would be problematic to claim the recent spate of tornadoes in the Southeast was caused by climate change. But that’s not the same as saying tornadoes can’t be caused by climate change. It’s not the same thing as saying that climate change isn’t a contributing factor. Or those tornadoes won’t be caused by climate change in the future. It’s not even the same as saying that, years from now, with better data and technology, we won’t look back and see a trend happening that isn’t obvious today. NOAA’s assessment is based on indirect evidence focused on one area of one country. The big question–Are tornadoes caused by climate change?–is made up of lots of little questions. And we don’t know all the answers to t he little questions yet.
Section B English to Chinese
有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有很多的才能。人际关系就是一种善于听取别人的意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的公司雇员在大调整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反到下岗。因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系，所以八面玲珑，到处有缘。而人际关系差的人往往不能处理好批评。碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认错误，或情绪低落或大发雷霆，成为有刺的人，难以相处。
参考译文：Sometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really count in your career. Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability ti be good listener, to be sensitive toward others’ needs, to take criticism well. People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes, and take their share of blame, which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error. That is why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent are being laid off. Sensitive in their dealing with others, they are well liked everywhere. People with poor interpersonal skills have trouble taking criticism. When confronted with a mistake, they let their ego get in the way. They deny responsibility and became moody or angry. They mark themselves as “prickly”.
2013年
I. Phrase Translation
1.WHO:世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)
2.CBD:中央商务区(Central Business District)
3.YOG:青奥会(Youth Olympic Games)
4.IMF:国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)
5.ISO:国际标准化组织(International Standard Organization)
6.OPEC:石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
7.UNESCO:联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization)
8.Euromart:欧洲共同市场(European Common Market))
9.Guiness Book of Record:吉尼斯世界纪录
10.negative population growth:人口负增长
11.the European Economic Community:欧洲经济共同体(the European Economic Community)
12.World Intellectual Property Organization:世界知识产权组织
13.greenhouse effect:温室效应
14.gentleman’s agreement:君子协定
15. I-steel:工字钢；工字形钢
16.和平过渡:peaceful transition
17.市场准入:market access
18.网民:netizen
19.工业园区:industrial park
20.绿色食品:green food
21.泡沫经济:bubble economy
22.脱口秀:talk show
23.售后服务:after-sales service
24.技术下乡:spread technological knowledge to farmers
25.海峡两岸关系协会:Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
26.老字号:a time-honored brand;an old and famous shop or enterprise
27.战略伙伴关系:strategic partnership
28.留守儿童:left-behind children;stay-at-home children
29.政府职能转变:the transformation of government functions;transform the government functions
30.第三产业:tertiary industry
II. Passage translation
Section A Chinese to English
The collapse of belief we have been witnessing throughout the twentieth century comes with globalism. The postmodern condition is not an artistic movement or a cultural fad or an intellectual theory—although it produces all of those and is in some ways defined by them. It is what inevitably happens as people everywhere begin to see that there are many beliefs, many kinds of belief, and many ways of believing. Postmodernism is globalism; it is the half-discovered shape of the one unity that transcends all our differences.
In a global—and globalizing-era, all of the old structures of political reality, all the old ways of saying who we are and what we are for and what we are against, seem to be melting away into air.
How to have an identity in such a world? Nationalism becomes semiobsolete before it
even completes its conquest; national governments everywhere are challenged from front and rear, past and future. They are forced to do battle against threats to their fragile sovereignties that are posed by international organizations and movements and economic forces. The weaker national sovereignty as an absolute principle, the less secure we are in defining ourselves according to national citizenship.
叶子南译文：我们目睹了整个二十世纪里全球主义带来的信仰的崩溃。后现代境况既不是一场艺术运动，也不是一种文化时尚，更不是某种知识理论——这些都是后现代主义的产物，而且在某种程度上成为后现代主义的特点。不可避免地，人们开始看到，世界上存在着许多种类、许多形式的信仰。后现代主义就是全球主义；这是一个超越了我们所有差异的整体，但时下只是若隐若现。一旦人们意识到人类的信仰竟是如此种类繁多、五花八门，后现代环境就是无法避免的了。在已经或即将全球化的时代，所有用来反映政治现实的陈旧体系，所有用来阐释“我们”的定义，似乎都将随之消融。
在一个越来越全球化的时代，所有旧的划分政治现实的方法、所有旧的表达我们自己，表达自己爱憎的方法似乎都已灰飞烟灭。
如何在当下的世界里给后现代主义一个定义？民族主义在完成它的征服前已经变得过时；世界各国政府正面临着来自国内外、过去和将来的挑战。他们不得不与前现代部落和种族认同进行战斗，就像他们抵御国际组织、国际运动和经济力量为其脆弱的国家主权带来的威胁那样。作为绝对原则的国家主权越脆弱，我们想用国家公民的概念来界定自己的安全性也就越弱。
Section B English to Chinese
近年来网络产业急速发展。据今年早期因特网信息中心的统计数据，中国的公共网络已覆盖400多个城市，上网电脑达820万台，经常上网者达2，260万人，网址有33，000个。估计两年以后，中国的网民人数将跃居全球第二，仅次于美国。然而，这个快速发展的产业出现了一些问题，其中大部分问题产生的原因是因为中国在准备不足的情况下飞速越入了这个信息时代，遇到的问题涉及到网络服务、网络信息、电子商务等。要想开发一个拥有13亿人口的市场，网络服务部门应改建服务，使普通用户能轻松上网，使上网的简便程度如同打开家用电器一般。
参考译文：The internet industry has been growing at a dizzying pace. According to statistics from China Internet Network Information Center early this year, the public network covers more than 400 cities, and the number of on-line computers reached 8.2 million, with 22.6 million regular Internet users and 33,000 web-sites. In two years, China is expected to have the second largest netizen population in the world, second only to that of the United States. However, the rapidly developing industry is showing many problems in China, most of them unique to a country that virtually leapt into the information age without sufficient preparation, such as the problems concerning internet service providers (ISP), internet content providers (ICP) and
e-commerce. In order to tap the market of 1.3 billion people, the ISPs should improve their service in such a way that ordinary users will be able to get onto the Net as easily as they switch on household electrical appliances.
2014年（回忆版）
I. Phrase Translation
NATO:北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
UNESCO:联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization)
European economic community:欧洲经济共同体
Euromart:欧洲共同市场(European Common Market)
YOG:青奥会(Youth Olympic Games)
Greenhouse effect:温室效应
World Intellectual Property Organization: 世界知识产权组织
OPEC:石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
IMF:国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)
ISO:国际标准化组织(International Standard Organization)
negative population growth:人口负增长
Masscult：大众文化，通俗文化
I-steel：工字钢
CBD：中央商务区(Central Business District)；交货前付款(cash before delivery) 无人售票：self-service ticketing
西部大开发：Go-West Campaign；China Western Development
黑客：hacker
货到付款：cash on delivery
打假：anti-fraud campaign；crack down on counterfeit goods
反腐倡廉：combat corruption and build a clean government
工业园区：industrial park
泡沫经济：bubble economy
素质教育：quality-oriented education ; education for all-round development
脱口秀：talk show
人才流失：brain drain
绿色食品：green food
和平过渡:peaceful transition
市场准入:market access
网民:netizen
脱口秀:talk show
战略伙伴关系:strategic partnership
II. Sentence translation（一共四句话来自商业合同，有买卖方的还有付款的以及各种税收的）
III. Passage translation
Section A Chinese to English
Every successful business is built on superior senses — of timing, opportunity, responsibility, and, not infrequently, humor. None, however, is more critical than the ability to sense the market. A senior executive’s instinctive capacity to empathize with and gain insights from customers is the single most important skill he or she can use to direct technologies, product and service offerings, communications programs, indeed, all elements of a company’s strategic posture. Bill Gates, Akio Morita, Sam
Walton, and others brought this ability to the enterprises they founded. Without it, their ventures might have been short-lived or at least far less successful.
Paying attention to the customer is certainly not a new idea. But many top-level managers, particularly those at industrial companies, consider customer contact the bailiwick of sales and marketing staff. And even if they do believe that market focus is a priority, most retain only limited contact with consumers as their organizations grow, relying instead on subordinates’ reports—second-or third-hand information—to define and sense the market for them.（149词）
参考译文：每一个成功的工商企业都是建立在一些卓越的意识之上的，即懂得审时度势，抓住机遇，承担责任，并不乏幽默感。但这一切都没有比对市场了解的能力更为重要。高级管理人员的一个非常重要的本事是能很自然地设身处地为客户着想，并从他们那里获得真知灼见。他们利用这种能力来指导技术、产品和售后服务，乃至公司战略计划的各个方面。比尔盖兹之类的成功者就曾把这种本事带进他们各自创立的企业中。没有这种能力，他们的事业或许只是昙花一现，至少没有像今天这样成功。但是许多高层经理，特别是工业公司的高层经理，把与顾客接触看成是销售和市场营销人员的事。即便他们确实也认为市场是公司的重心，但随着公司的发展，他们中大多数人也只与消费者保持十分有限的接触而已。他们判断和把握市场，依赖于下属送来的报告，即二手、三手的材料。
Section B English to Chinese
(回忆版）近年来世界取得了新变化，中国取得了新发展。。全国各族人民齐心协力推进全面建设小康社会的进程。。中国同其他国家交流合作更加密切，中国致力于解决国际热点问题。。开始于1978年的改革开放是当代中国命运的关键性选择。。高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，解放思想，改革开放。。建设社会主义市场经济，民主政治，先进文化，让人民学有所教，劳有所得，病有所医，老有所养，住有所居，促进社会和谐。
部分参考答案：We will continue unwaveringly to hold high the great banners of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully implement the scientific outlook om development, further emancipate our mind, adhere to reform and
opening-up,develop socialist market economy, advance socialist democracy, and develop advanced culture.Improving people’s well-being will continue to be our top priority in building a harmonious society in which people are well educated ,workers well paid, patients well treated, elder well tended and families well accommodated.
翻硕英语：
改错由去年的十五个变为10个，15分，文章关于说话人和听话人的eyeball contact 是否如人们所想的那样更加persuasive。
阅读理解45分，
第一篇题目是Why teach English，讲的是在当代English Major或者说humanities 的必要性。5题单选，5题在文章中找意思相近的词，5题选择同义词，一题小小作文问how the aut her answers the question “why teach English“give a list of his reasons.这些和去年题型一样的，
第二篇题目是Why read literary，是反驳前一篇文章观点的，只有一个题目，你给个summary然后问你谁的观点更加valid。80字对反驳观点的列举还有你支持哪个观点（你的意见是另一个问题，不包括80字内）。这一空有十分！
作文。现在网络公开课（MOOCs）非常盛行。有的认为威胁到传统教育有的认为只是存在的资源而已，两者选一个，其中支持的需要有至少两个论点支持并且驳斥的那一方也需要给出解释。500字。
百科：
名词解释：全球化发达国家发达国家欧元区失业率通胀CPI 海归美联储量化宽松莫言植被民族诺贝尔文学奖网络文学南京六朝李白王安石长江转基因作物商业化抗体绿色和平底特律发达国家消费价格指数
应用文：李华的朋友张亮考研失败，请以李华的身份给张亮写安慰信，注意格式和标点（450字）
大作文：论宽容（议论文800字）大作文论宽容。用现代汉语写一篇议论文观点明确语言流畅。
翻译大一下学期
Unit7 汉译英 1. 警察放大了失踪女孩的照片，这样他们能容易认出她。(Use "have + object + V-ed" structure) The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged so that they could recognize her easily. 2. 我喜欢乘公共汽车上班，而不是自己驾车。那天上午也不例外。(rather than, no exception) When I go to work, I prefer to take a bus rather than drive and that morning was no exception. 3. 这位老人见到自己的孙女走进屋时站了起来，竟意想不到地移动了几步，就好像他能行走了似的。(get to one's feet, as if) When he saw his granddaughter coming into the house (Seeing his granddaughter coming into the house), the old man got to his feet and moved several steps unexpectedly as if he could walk by himself. 4. 当时我们的注意力全集中在那幅画上，没有注意到四周有什么异样情况，所以也不能提供任何额外的细节。(focus on, additional details) At that time we focused our attention on that painting without noticing anything unusual around us, and we can't offer any additional details. 5. 这两个劫匪的作案手法表明他们可能就是过去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的元凶。(commit) The two robbers' methods suggested they might be the same men who had committed a number of robberies in the area over the past few months. 6. 无论这个问题多么令人讨厌，它都是我们必须正视的问题。(no matter how) It's a question we have to face no matter how unpleasant it is. 英译汉 1. Experience told him that a woman's natural instinct was to defend herself rather than hurt the attacker. 经验告诉他，妇女的天性是保护自己而不是去伤害攻击者。 2. The room is looking much better since she had the walls repainted. 自从她把墙重新粉刷了后，这房间好看多了。 3. Teenage crime was out of control in many parts of the country, and this city was no exception. 在这个国家的许多地方，青少年犯罪已经失去了控制，这个城市也不例外。 4. Weeks after the robbery, he was afraid to go outside, fearing that he would come face to face with the robber a second time. 抢劫案发生后的几周，他不敢出门，害怕自己再次与劫匪面对面遭遇。 5. The victim described to the policemen how a man, who suddenly emerged from the shrub, robbed her. 受害者向警察描述她是怎样突然遭到一个从灌木丛中出来的人抢劫的。 6. For many Americans today, weekend work has unfortunately become the rule rather than the exception. 如今，对许多美国人来说，周末工作已经不幸地成为了惯例，而不是例外。 Unit9
大学基础英语2课后翻译题
《综合教程2》翻译部分参考译文： Unit 1 1. 那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进技术，令观众仿佛身临其境。(illusion) Thanks to modern technology, the film about that ancient battle gives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves. 2.在那场大火中，整个古城毁于一旦，但是这块石碑却幸运地保存下来。(devastate) That ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunately the stone tablet survived. 3. 他们看了那段录像，听了那位妇女的讲述，心里充满了对那位地震孤儿的同情。 The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake. 4. 那场大地震中，我们听到太多太多教师的事迹，他们拒绝离开学生自己逃生，献出了自己的生命。(leave behind) In that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their lives. 5.豫园的建造始于1558年，但由于资金短缺时建时停，1578年才建成。 The construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and on for lack of money. 6. 1980年我遇到她时，她刚从国外读完硕士回来。(meet up with) In 1980, when I met up with her, she had just returned from abroad with a master’s degree. 7. 这是我第一次来纽约，但我还是设法找到了那家小公司。 It was my first visit to New York, but I managed to find my way to the little firm. 8. 在电影界要达到顶峰是非常困难的，但是作为一名导演谢晋做到了。 It is hard to make it to the top in the movie industry, but as a director, Xie Jin did it. Unit 2 1. 如今很多爱慕虚荣的年轻人，尽管还不富裕，但却已经迷上了漂亮的小汽车。（vain, be obsessed with） Many vain young people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they are not yet rich enough to afford them. 2．当他的婚外恋被妻子发现后，他们的婚姻终于破裂了。 Their marriage finally fell apart when his affair with another woman was found out by his wife. 3. 那位艺术家为了获得创作的灵感，在农村住了三年，放弃了生活上的许多享受。 For artistic inspiration, the artist lived in the country for three years, where he denied himself many comforts of life. 4. 我不知道明天去崇明岛的远足活动能不能成行，因为这要取决于会不会下雨。 I’m not sure if we can have the excursion to Chongming Island tomorrow. It is at the mercy of the weather. 5. 他早年到日本学医，回国后却改变了主意，一辈子从事文学创作。 When he was young, he went to Japan to learn medicine, but after he returned to China he changed his mind and pursued a career as a writer all his life. 6. 她最近和一个足以做她父亲的老头好上了，这使她父母感到非常丢脸。（take up with）She’s taken up with a man old enough to be her father, which is a disgrace to her parents. 7. 1978年以来，我国经济发展迅速，相比之下，一些发达国家反而滑坡了。（witness）
基础综合英语_1-5单元课后翻译
作文翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。 但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。 虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit 3 食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要的
自考英语翻译历年真题第二大题汇总及答案
2011 7月 II.Words and phrases translation（20 points，1 point for each） A.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese. 16.a slender man一个身材瘦长的人17.country-wide trade全国贸易18.the Ethiopian highlands埃塞俄比亚高原19.economic policy经济政策20.great-grandmother(外)曾祖母21.open sea公海 22.part-time river季节性河流23.mineral oil矿物油 24.environmental law环境法25.welcoming banquet欢迎宴会 B.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English. 26.逃学Play truant 27.军阀政府The warlord government 28.九龙壁The nine dragon wall 29.基本方针Basic principle 30.游记Travel notes 31.祥林嫂Xiang Lin's wife 32.排队to stand in a queue to line up 33.大陆架Continental shelf 34.董事会Board of directors 35.深刻影响 Profound impact 2011 4月 II. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point each) 16. appreciation dinner 答谢宴会17. birth defect先天性生理缺陷 18. applied entomology应用昆虫学 19. member state会员国、成员国 20. maternity hospital 妇产医院21. over-the-counter medicine非处方药 22. green belt 防护林、绿化带23. inland waters内陆水域 24. room temperature 室温、常温25. debt chain三角债、债务链 B. Directions: Translate the following words and phrases into English. (Please write the answer on your Answer Sheet.)
新视野大一下学期英语翻译
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新编大学生基础英语综合教程第二册翻译题答案
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