高中英语语法 时态 虚拟语气的用法

高中英语语法 时态 虚拟语气的用法
高中英语语法 时态 虚拟语气的用法

虚拟语气的用法

一、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。

二、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断

判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子

意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件

不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。

判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。

三、“后退一步法”

后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从

句谓语动词的时态。即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是:

①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。

②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。

③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。

主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。

例:If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.

If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn\'t go out.

四、注意事项

①if条件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,并使用倒装语序。

②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。

->宾语从句中的虚拟语气

一、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气

wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气,按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。注意:与哪

个事实相反,不能以主句的时态为判断依据,而是根据从句的意义判断。

二、表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有:advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。

注意:当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明,显示”时,不用虚拟语气。

The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done

for him. He insisted that he was honest.

三、would rather +从句

在这种结构中,从句的位于动词用过去形式表示虚拟。

I would rather you did this instead of me.

->主语从句中的虚拟语气

一、It be + 形容词 + that ...(should)...

用于该句型的形容词是:necessary, good, inportant, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising .

一些名词也可以用于在该结构中。如:a pity, no wonder....

二、It be + 过去分词 + that ...(should)....

用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如:desired,suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。

三、It is time(about time, high time)that ...(过去式动词形式或should+动词原形)....

It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.

->表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中,要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用:should+原形动词。另外连

接从句的that不能省略。

例:My suggestion is that weshould go there at once.

What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?

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概念
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应用条件
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在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
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用法及动词形式
从句
If+主语 +did If+ 主语+did 主语 were) ( be 动词 were )
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+should/would/ 主语 +should/would/ could/might+do

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