培根人物介绍

培根人物介绍
培根人物介绍

培根人物介绍

聊城文轩中学2013级16班王天瑞

读了《培根随笔》这部举世闻名的小说,我明白了许多道理,因此,我对本书的作者感到十分的敬佩。今天,我就要来介绍一下这本书的作者——英国哲学家培根。

培根,全名弗朗西斯〃培根,是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家,被封为第一代圣阿尔本子爵。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。培根阅历丰富,所以,培根的思想成熟,言论深邃,富含哲理。他虽然信奉上帝,但他并不是迷信的崇拜者,而是一名理性的看待一切。在政治上,他力主合并苏格兰与英格兰,被当时的掌权的詹姆斯一世大力赏识,因此在官场上平步青云,扶摇直上。他曾说过一句名言:“知识就是力量。”培根对文学的贡献十分巨大。他一生写了许多的文章,但其中最著名的就是《培根随笔》、《新工具论》和《学术的进展》这三本书。

不仅如此,培根还潜心于哲学研究中。培根的最大哲学贡献就是在于他提出了与唯心主义相反的唯物主义这一观点,他还制定了系统的归纳逻辑方法,马克思、恩格斯称他是“英国唯物主义的第一个创始人”。可见其在哲学上面的造诣之深。

在评价培根时,马克思曾说过:“科学是实验的科学,科学的方法就在于用理性的方法去整理感性材料,归纳、分析、比较、观察和实验是理性方法和重要条件。”

在应用科学方面,培根感兴趣的主要是工匠的技术和工业生产过程,因而他被称作“工业科学的哲学家”。

不过,虽然培根是科学的指路人,但他却并不算一名科学家,从刚刚提到的“工业科学的哲学家”的落脚点“哲学家”就可看出培根并不算一名科学家。

培根出身在伦敦一个官宦世家,父亲是伊丽莎白女王朝中的一名重臣。受其影响,培根思想倾向进步,信奉英国国教,反对教皇干涉英国内政。母亲安妮〃培根是一位颇有名气的才女,她精通希腊文和拉丁文,是

基督教信徒。良好的家庭教育使培根各方面都表现出异乎寻常的才智。

但是,在大学期间,大学中的学习使他对传统的观念和信仰产生了怀疑,开始独自思考社会和人生的真谛。三年后,培根作为英国驻法大使的随员旅居法国巴黎。短短两年半的时间里,他几乎走遍了整个法国,这使他接触到不少新的事物,汲取了许多新的思想,并且对其世界观的转变产生了极大的影响。

23岁时,培根竞选为国会议员,1602年,培根受到詹姆斯一世的赏识,被封为爵士,后在官场上愈加得志,官职渐渐升高。但是,培根的人生并没有如此顺利,在1621年,培根被国会指控贪污受贿,被高级法庭判处罚金四万英镑,监禁于伦敦塔内,终生逐出宫廷,不得任议员和官职。这对培根来说无疑是一个巨大的打击。

虽然后来罚金和监禁皆被豁免,但培根却因此而身败名裂。从此培根不再理政事,开始专心从事理论著述。

正是这件事,培根失去了成为一名政治

家的权利。但正是因为这件事,培根潜心研究,写出了许许多多的巨著。这对培根来说并不是一件祸事。也许正相反,培根也会感谢这次事件呢。

培根思想方法论

评析培根对科学的价值 张建琴 (南开大学哲学系,天津300071) 摘要:弗兰西斯·培根作为新科学的倡导者,为了有助于人们可以尽快地破除各种错误和偏见,提出了他的“四类假象说”,并且通过列举可行性事例,为人们指明了研究科学应遵循的有效的方法,因此对培根的价值应予以更为重要的评价。 关键词:科学理解力事例方法 文艺复兴时期,作为当时新科学的倡导者的弗兰西斯·培根,对于现代科学的研究仍有着重要的价值。当时新科学的出现,必然会引起人们的的好奇和欲从之的心愿,但是如何打开这一新的殿堂去发现它的奥秘,则是人们急于知道的,这就像求宝心切的人,急欲发现宝藏,但却不能盲目乱转,到处搜寻一样,必须找到一确定方法的指引,从而一步一步按图索骥,最终才有可能寻获宝物。培根作为当时的新科学的领路人,确实担当起了其应承担的历史重任,给人们指引出了一条切实可行的科学之路,为后来的一代又一代的人们前仆后继的沿着这条道路继续前行奠定了坚实的基础。科学史家亚历山大·克瓦雷和E·J·狄克斯特修斯认为,“培根贡献的价值极小,他在科学中的作用与希腊瘸诗人梯泰厄斯在军事上的作用类似,梯泰厄斯不能打仗,但是他的战歌鼓舞了那些能打仗的人。” [2]p63 对此,我并不赞同,培根并不仅仅是鼓舞了许多人去从事科学这一新的事业,而且为这些人提供了诸多行之有效的科学方法,他本人虽没有像伽利略、牛顿等伟大科学家那样作出重大的科学发现,但是他亦坚持亲自动手去试验,而且他自己便是因为在一项户外的科学观测的实验中,因感伤寒而不幸死亡的,这种科学研究的精神也为后代的科学家树立了楷模,值得后代的人们学习和纪念。本文便是为进一步挖掘培根的科学思想的重要价值而作,也希望能借此吸引更多的人重新阅读其著作,从中获得思想的启迪。文章试图从两方面对此进行阐述。首先,培根论述了在科学研究之先,应如何纠正和洗净感官和理解力以使之可以更好的胜任科学研究。这一准备工作完成之后,接下来是就人们应使用什么合理的方法来研究科学现象,从而发现其中的规律,以便于可以更好地认识自然,并合理的利用。 一 弗兰西斯·培根历来被哲学史家简单地划归在经验主义的流派之中,并与洛克,休谟等对科学知识知之甚少的纯粹经验主义者并列。这些经验主义者大都主张,心灵就像一张白纸,一切性质都空着,没有任何观念,通过从感觉中接受到心灵中来的各种不同知觉,从而熟悉了外界的对象。这样它便拥有了黄、白、热、冷、硬、苦、甜和一切其它感觉性的观念,因而这类经验主义者便由此武断地推

培根美文(逐句翻译)

of study (论读书) By-Francis Bacon STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. 读书足以怡情,足以博彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。 To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor[1] of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。 Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. 有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. 书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。 Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。 Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores[2]. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought[3] out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like.

收集的培根制作方法

一、方法一: 1、带皮五花肉一大块,洗净,晾干。 2、皮朝下,用快刀切约8毫米厚的大片,如果准备薰制,就不要将皮切断。 3、调制腌料水。取一只碗,将适量的盐、料酒、花椒、大料、草果(打扁)、桂皮、陈皮、孜然、葱姜蒜末、鸡精、酱油等(调味料依个人口味增减)加入,调匀。待盐、鸡精等颗粒融化,就可以淋在肉上了。 4、使肉的每一条“沟豁”都“吃”到腌料水。盖上盆盖儿,腌制24小时。注意:期间要翻动几次。 5、24小时后,用细绳穿上挂起来,自然风干即成。 如果喜欢薰味儿,可在铁锅底部搁点干茶叶末或花生壳、葵花籽壳碎片,上放矮金属架,架上搁肉(皮朝下),盖上锅盖,用小火薰20分钟左右 二、方法二 到菜市场买了培根肉可是又不知道培根肉怎么做!忽然想起了网络就可以帮我们很大的忙。家常菜谱大全能告诉我们培根肉怎么做!看似简单的培根肉却有很多的做法!今天心血来潮,突然很想吃培根肉做的菜,买了本家常菜谱,又到网上看了看培根肉怎么做好吃,终于下定决心,选择这道培根肉的做法,介绍给大家如何做培根肉,喜欢培根肉的朋友千万不要错过这个美食的哟! 菜系及功效:私家菜工艺:腌培根肉(针刺腌制法)的制作材料:主料:猪肉(肥瘦)5000克 调料:盐14克,白砂糖44克 培根肉(针刺腌制法)的特色:味道鲜美,熏香宜人。培根肉(针刺腌制法)的做法: 1.选料:用经过彻底加工过的、重量相同的、新鲜的猪腹肉。肉块的重量为4.5至5.4千克、5.4至6.3千克、6.3至7.2千克、7.2至8.1千克。 2.冷冻:去皮后冷冻,使其内部温度为 3.3至2.8℃。在腌制以前,让它们在成型机里成型。 3.腌制混合粉料:将盐、白糖、亚硝酸钠、硝酸钠、食品级磷酸钠充分混合,即成混合粉料。 4.腌制:用穿刺机给猪肉扎眼,当猪腹肉沿着传送带达到腌制的地方时,将腌制混合粉均匀地撒在第一片肉的上面。腌制料的用量为:猪腹肉重量为4.5至 5.4千克、腌制混合料用量为198克,猪腹肉5.4至 6.3千克、混合料用量为227

Of Great Place培根3

Of Great Place MEN in great place are thrice三次 servants: ser- vants of the sovereign or state; servants of fame; and servants of business. So as they have no freedom; neither in their persons, nor in their ac- tions, nor in their times. It is a strange desire, to seek power and to lose liberty: or to seek power over others, and to lose power over a man's self. The rising unto place is laborious; and by pains, men come to greater pains; and it is sometimes base; and by indignities侮辱, men come to dignities. The standing is slippery, and the regress is either a downfall, or at least an eclipse, which is a melan- choly thing. Cum 和non sis qui fueris, non esse存在 cur velis vivere. Nay, retire men cannot when they would, neither will they, when it were reason; but are impatient of privateness, even in age and sick- ness, which require the shadow; like old towns- men, that will be still sitting at their street door, though thereby they offer age to scom. Certainly great persons had need to borrow other men's opinions, to think themselves happy; for if they

培根《论学习》翻译(中英对照)

OF STUDY STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be

培根人物介绍

培根人物介绍 聊城文轩中学2013级16班王天瑞 读了《培根随笔》这部举世闻名的小说,我明白了许多道理,因此,我对本书的作者感到十分的敬佩。今天,我就要来介绍一下这本书的作者——英国哲学家培根。 培根,全名弗朗西斯〃培根,是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家,被封为第一代圣阿尔本子爵。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。培根阅历丰富,所以,培根的思想成熟,言论深邃,富含哲理。他虽然信奉上帝,但他并不是迷信的崇拜者,而是一名理性的看待一切。在政治上,他力主合并苏格兰与英格兰,被当时的掌权的詹姆斯一世大力赏识,因此在官场上平步青云,扶摇直上。他曾说过一句名言:“知识就是力量。”培根对文学的贡献十分巨大。他一生写了许多的文章,但其中最著名的就是《培根随笔》、《新工具论》和《学术的进展》这三本书。

不仅如此,培根还潜心于哲学研究中。培根的最大哲学贡献就是在于他提出了与唯心主义相反的唯物主义这一观点,他还制定了系统的归纳逻辑方法,马克思、恩格斯称他是“英国唯物主义的第一个创始人”。可见其在哲学上面的造诣之深。 在评价培根时,马克思曾说过:“科学是实验的科学,科学的方法就在于用理性的方法去整理感性材料,归纳、分析、比较、观察和实验是理性方法和重要条件。” 在应用科学方面,培根感兴趣的主要是工匠的技术和工业生产过程,因而他被称作“工业科学的哲学家”。 不过,虽然培根是科学的指路人,但他却并不算一名科学家,从刚刚提到的“工业科学的哲学家”的落脚点“哲学家”就可看出培根并不算一名科学家。 培根出身在伦敦一个官宦世家,父亲是伊丽莎白女王朝中的一名重臣。受其影响,培根思想倾向进步,信奉英国国教,反对教皇干涉英国内政。母亲安妮〃培根是一位颇有名气的才女,她精通希腊文和拉丁文,是

英语经典美文从培根到伍尔芙

实用 Ⅰ.Of Love - by Francis Bacon The stage is more beholding to love, than the life of man. For as to the stage, love is ever matter of comedies, and now and then of tragedies; but in life it doth much mischief; sometimes like a siren, sometimes like a fury. 舞台上的爱情生活比生活中的爱情要美好得多。因为在舞台上,爱情只是喜剧和悲剧的素材,而在人生中,爱情却常常招来不幸。它有时像那位诱惑人的魔女(1),有时又像那位复仇的女神(2)。 You may observe, that amongst all the great and worthy persons (whereof the memory remaineth, either ancient or recent) there is not one, that hath been transported to the mad degree of love: which shows that great spirits, and great business, do keep out this weak passion. You must except, nevertheless, Marcus Antonius, the half partner of the empire of Rome, and Appius Claudius, the decemvir and lawgiver; whereof the former was indeed a voluptuous man, and inordinate; but the latter was an austere and wise man: and therefore it seems (though rarely) that love can find entrance, not only into an open heart, but also into a heart well fortified, if watch be not well kept. 你可以看到,一切真正伟大的人物(无论是古人、今人,只要是其英名永铭于人类记忆中的),没有一个是因爱情而发狂的人。因为伟大的事业只有罗马的安东尼和克劳底亚是例外(3)。前者本性就好色荒淫,然而后者却是严肃多谋的人。这说明爱情不仅会占领开旷坦阔的胸怀,有时也能闯入壁垒森严的心灵----假如手御不严的话。

培根名言英语

培根名言英语 导读:本文是关于培根名言英语的文章,如果觉得很不错,欢迎点评和分享! 1、知识像烛光,能照亮一个人,也能照亮无数的人。 Knowledge, like candlelight, can illuminate a person and countless people. 2、不是正的兄弟姐妹,再重的礼品也敲不开心扉。 Not the right brothers and sisters, even heavy gifts can not knock on the heart. 3、恐惧是粉碎人类个性最可怕的敌人。 Fear is the most terrible enemy of shattering human personality. 4、命运有点女人的气质,你越向她求爱,她就离你越远。 Fate has a feminine temperament. The farther you courted her, the farther away she was from you. 5、时刻乃是最大的革新家。 Time is the greatest innovator. 6、人生如同道路。最近的捷径通常是最坏的路。 Life is like a road. The nearest shortcut is usually the worst. 7、你愈是少说你的伟大,我将愈想到你的伟大。 The less you say about your greatness, the more I will

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依据、实践效果引入认识论。这一伟大抱负是他的科学的伟大复兴的主要目标,是他为之奋斗一生的志向。 1602年,伊丽莎白去世,詹姆士一世继位。由于培根曾力主苏格兰与英格兰的合并,受到詹姆士的大力赞赏,培根因此平步青云,扶摇直上,1602年受封为爵士,1604年被任命为詹姆士的顾问,1607年被任命为副检察长,1613年被委任为首席检察官,1616年被任命为枢密院顾问,1617年提升为掌玺大臣,1618年晋升为英格兰的大陆官,授封为维鲁兰男爵,1621年又授封为奥尔本斯子爵。但培根的才能不在国务活动上,而存在于对科学真理的探求上。这一时期,他在学术研究上取得了巨大的成果,并出版了多部着作。 1621年,培根被国会指控贪污受贿,被高级法庭判处罚金4万磅,监禁于伦敦塔内,终生逐出宫廷,不得任议员和官职。虽然后来罚金和监禁皆被豁免,但培根却因此而身败名裂。从此培根不理政事,开始专心从事理论着述。 培根终年致力于着《学术的伟大复兴》,其中第二部分《新工具论》发表于1620年,这是一部在科学哲学史上具有重大影响的着作。 培根在科学史上是一位有争议的重要人物。但作为一个科学哲学家,培根在历史上所作出的贡献是不可忽视的。他是以新唯物主义哲学指导科学发展的主要代表人物,是最早认识到科学的历史意义以及它在人类生活中的重要地位的

人物类英语作文

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培根随笔英语

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